They built on the work of other physiologists, such as Cole and Baker's research into voltage-gated membrane pores from 1941.
In Glioblastoma multiforme, upregulation of gBK potassium channels and ClC-3 chloride channels enables glioblastoma cells to migrate within the brain, which may lead to the diffuse growth patterns of these tumors. == History == The fundamental properties of currents mediated by ion channels were analyzed by the British biophysicists Alan Hodgkin and Andrew Huxley as part of their Nobel Prize-winning research on the action potential, published in 1952.
The existence and mechanism for ion selectivity was first postulated in the late 1960s by Bertil Hille and Clay Armstrong.
The existence of ion channels was confirmed in the 1970s by Bernard Katz and Ricardo Miledi using noise analysis.
An example is the long-awaited crystal structure of a voltage-gated potassium channel, which was reported in May 2003.
In recent years the development of automated patch clamp devices helped to increase significantly the throughput in ion channel screening. The Nobel Prize in Chemistry for 2003 was awarded to Roderick MacKinnon for his studies on the physico-chemical properties of ion channel structure and function, including x-ray crystallographic structure studies. == Culture == Roderick MacKinnon commissioned Birth of an Idea, a tall sculpture based on the KcsA potassium channel.
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