It was known as Frobisher Bay from 1942 to 1987, after the large bay on the coast of which the city is situated.
The name, Iqaluit, comes from Inuktitut Iqaluit (ᐃᖃᓗᐃᑦ) which means place of many fish. World War II resulted in an influx of non-Inuit to the area in 1942, when the United States built Frobisher Bay Air Base there, on a long-term lease from the Government of Canada, in order to provide a stop-over and refuelling site for the short-range aircraft being ferried to Europe to support the war effort.
==External links== 1942 establishments in Canada Cities in Nunavut Hudson's Bay Company trading posts in Nunavut Populated places established in 1942 Populated places in Baffin Island Road-inaccessible communities of Nunavut
The US and Canadian authorities named it Frobisher Bay, after the name of the body of water it borders. In 1949, after the war, the Hudson's Bay Company moved its south Baffin operations to the neighbouring valley of Niaqunngut, officially called Apex, in order to use the airfield.
Early architecture runs from the 1950s military barracks of the original DEW line installation, through the 1970s white hyper-modernist fibreglass block of the Nakasuk School and Municipal Offices and Arena, to the lines of the steel-reinforced concrete high-rise complex on the hill above it.
A number of older Hudson's Bay Company and early 1950s buildings have been retained and restored in Apex (the former nursing station has been revived as the Rannva Bed and Breakfast, the HBC buildings as an art gallery).
The Inuit population grew rapidly in response, as the government encouraged Inuit to settle permanently in communities supported by government services. Naval Radio Station (NRS) Frobisher Bay (HMCS Frobisher Bay), callsign CFI, was established in July 1954 as a result of the closure of NRS Chimo, Quebec.
By 1957, 489 of the town's 1,200 residents were reported to be Inuit.
After 1959, the Canadian government established permanent services at Frobisher Bay, including full-time doctors, a school, and social services.
Renamed CFS Frobisher Bay in 1966, advancing technology eventually forced the closure of CFI later that year. The American military left Iqaluit in 1963, as their development of the intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBM) diminished the strategic value of the DEW line and Arctic airbases.
In 1964, the first local elections were held for a community council, and in 1979 for the first mayor.
Renamed CFS Frobisher Bay in 1966, advancing technology eventually forced the closure of CFI later that year. The American military left Iqaluit in 1963, as their development of the intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBM) diminished the strategic value of the DEW line and Arctic airbases.
For example, the Norwegian city of Trondheim has an annual mean temperature that is milder. The lowest temperature ever recorded was on 10 February 1967.
The founding of the Gordon Robertson Educational Centre, now Inuksuk High School, in the early 1970s at Iqaluit confirmed the government's commitment to the community as an administrative centre.
Early architecture runs from the 1950s military barracks of the original DEW line installation, through the 1970s white hyper-modernist fibreglass block of the Nakasuk School and Municipal Offices and Arena, to the lines of the steel-reinforced concrete high-rise complex on the hill above it.
In 1964, the first local elections were held for a community council, and in 1979 for the first mayor.
It was known as Frobisher Bay from 1942 to 1987, after the large bay on the coast of which the city is situated.
In 1987, its traditional Inuktitut name was restored. In 1999, Iqaluit was designated the capital of Nunavut after the division of the Northwest Territories into two separate territories.
At the time of its founding, this was the sole high school operating in what constituted more than one-seventh of Canadian territory. On 1 January 1987, the name of the municipality was changed from "Frobisher Bay" to "Iqaluit" – aligning official usage with the name that the Inuit population had always used.
(Many documents were made that referred to Iqaluit as Frobisher Bay for several years after 1987).
Iqaluit, Nunavut?: Health Needs Assessment Project, Baffin Regional Health Board?, 1994. Eno, Robert V.
In December 1995, Iqaluit was selected by a territory-wide referendum to serve as Nunavut's future capital; it was chosen over Rankin Inlet.
Following a fire at the airport in 1998, the Government of Nunavut re-opened the fire station at the airport.
In 1987, its traditional Inuktitut name was restored. In 1999, Iqaluit was designated the capital of Nunavut after the division of the Northwest Territories into two separate territories.
Calgary: Weigl Educational Publishers Limited, 2000.
On 19 April 2001, it was designated a city. Canada designated Iqaluit as the host city for the 2010 meeting of the Group of Seven finance ministers, held on 5–6 February.
Iqaluit, N.W.T.: Nunavut Arctic College, 2002.
Around 2003, street names were developed, although there were delays in finalizing them and posting the signs.
An incident of arson severely affected the Cathedral structure and interior on 5 November 2005, and it was demolished on 1 June 2006.
Ottawa: Geological Survey of Canada, 2005.
An incident of arson severely affected the Cathedral structure and interior on 5 November 2005, and it was demolished on 1 June 2006.
The airport was a centre for cold-weather testing of new aircraft, such as the Airbus A380 in February 2006. Rumours that Iqaluit was an emergency landing site for the Space Shuttle are false. In the middle of summer, a few ships—generally no larger than a Liberty-class vessel—transport bulk and heavy goods to the city.
The cathedral is slowly being rebuilt (foundation 2008 superstructure 2010) and fund-raising continues locally and internationally.
On 19 April 2001, it was designated a city. Canada designated Iqaluit as the host city for the 2010 meeting of the Group of Seven finance ministers, held on 5–6 February.
The cathedral is slowly being rebuilt (foundation 2008 superstructure 2010) and fund-raising continues locally and internationally.
In December 2010, the exterior of a similarly shaped replacement cathedral was completed, and interior work was planned for 2011 with a potential opening for Christmas 2011.
Air Canada Jazz provided daily service to Iqaluit from Ottawa in 2010 and 2011, but cancelled service due to rising fuel costs, which prevented the route from being profitable. Iqaluit shared its runway with the Royal Canadian Air Force until the Canadian Forces stopped using Iqaluit as a Canadian NORAD Region Forward Operating Locations.
The city has a polar climate, influenced by the cold deep waters of the Labrador Current just off Baffin Island; this makes the city of Iqaluit cold, although it is well south of the Arctic Circle. As of the 2016 census, the population was 7,740 (population centre: 7,082), an increase of 15.5 percent from the 2011 census.
In December 2010, the exterior of a similarly shaped replacement cathedral was completed, and interior work was planned for 2011 with a potential opening for Christmas 2011.
The festival has attracted Canadian and international artists such as Joshua Haulli, Quantum Tangle, Washboard Hank and Namgar. == Demographics == The 2016 census reported that there were 7,740, people living in Iqaluit, a 15.5% increase from 2011 census.
Air Canada Jazz provided daily service to Iqaluit from Ottawa in 2010 and 2011, but cancelled service due to rising fuel costs, which prevented the route from being profitable. Iqaluit shared its runway with the Royal Canadian Air Force until the Canadian Forces stopped using Iqaluit as a Canadian NORAD Region Forward Operating Locations.
The current building, informally referred to as the Igloo Cathedral, was opened on 3 June 2012.
As of 2012, "Pirurvik, Iqaluit’s Inuktitut language training centre, has a new goal: to train instructors from Nunavut communities to teach Inuktitut in different ways and in their own dialects when they return home." 74.9% of the population practise some form of Christianity (Anglican is the most popular at 42.6%), and 22.9% of the population identify as having no religious affiliation.
The city has a polar climate, influenced by the cold deep waters of the Labrador Current just off Baffin Island; this makes the city of Iqaluit cold, although it is well south of the Arctic Circle. As of the 2016 census, the population was 7,740 (population centre: 7,082), an increase of 15.5 percent from the 2011 census.
The festival has attracted Canadian and international artists such as Joshua Haulli, Quantum Tangle, Washboard Hank and Namgar. == Demographics == The 2016 census reported that there were 7,740, people living in Iqaluit, a 15.5% increase from 2011 census.
A new, larger passenger terminal building north of the old terminal was completed in 2018. Canadian North serves Iqaluit from Ottawa, Yellowknife, and several communities in Nunavut.
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