In order to develop a CD-ROM file system standard (Z39.60 - Volume and File Structure of CDROM for Information Interchange), the National Information Standards Organization (NISO) set up Standards Committee SC EE (Compact Disc Data Format) in July 1985.
In September/ October 1985 several companies invited experts to participate in the development of a working paper for such a standard. In November 1985, representatives of computer hardware manufacturers gathered at the High Sierra Hotel and Casino (currently called the Hard Rock Hotel and Casino) near Lake Tahoe, California.
High Sierra was adopted in December 1986 (with changes) as an international standard by Ecma International as ECMA-119 and submitted for fast tracking to the ISO, where it was eventually accepted as ISO 9660:1988.
The High Sierra Group Proposal (HSGP) was released in May 1986. A draft version was submitted to the European Computer Manufacturers Association (ECMA).
With changes this led to the issue of the initial edition of the ECMA-119 standard in December 1986.
For compatibility the second edition of ECMA-119 was revised to be equivalent to ISO 9660 in December 1987.
The international extensions are the bulk of the differences between the formats. In order not to create incompatibilities, NISO suspended further work on Z39.60, which had been adopted by NISO members on 28 May 1987.
ISO 9660:1988 was published in 1988.
It was announced in November 1994 and first issued in January 1995 as a joint proposal by IBM and BIOS manufacturer Phoenix Technologies.
It was announced in November 1994 and first issued in January 1995 as a joint proposal by IBM and BIOS manufacturer Phoenix Technologies.
This draft was submitted in 1998, but it has not been ratified as an ISO standard yet.
This is useful for computers built before about 1999, which were designed to boot only from floppy drive.
Joliet accomplishes this by supplying an additional set of filenames that are encoded in UCS-2BE (UTF-16BE in practice since Windows 2000).
Subsequent amendments to the standard were published in 2013 and 2020. The first 16 sectors of the file system are empty and reserved for other uses.
Subsequent amendments to the standard were published in 2013 and 2020. The first 16 sectors of the file system are empty and reserved for other uses.
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