Similarly, the Tuscarora people, an Iroquoian-speaking tribe from the Carolinas, migrated after defeat in the Yamasee War; they settled with the Oneida people and became the sixth nation of the Haudenosaunee, with chiefs stating the migration was complete in 1722. During the Revolutionary War, four of the then six Iroquois nations helped the British attempt to crush the revolution, although bands made decisions on fighting in a highly decentralized way.
In retaliation for conflicts to the east and resentment at the savage way in which the Iroquois made war, the 1779 Sullivan Expedition was conducted against the Iroquois in the west of the state, destroying more than 40 villages and stored winter crops and forcing their retreat from the area.
In 1788, eleven men from Kingston, New York came to the area with two Delaware people (Lenape) guides, to explore what they considered wilderness.
In 1790, the federal government and state began an official program to grant land in the area, known as the Central New York Military Tract, as payment for service to the American soldiers of the Revolutionary War, as the government was cash poor.
George Clinton) met in 1790.
A few years later De Witt moved to Ithaca, then called variously "The Flats," "The City," or "Sodom"; he renamed it for the Greek island home of Ulysses in the spirit of the multitude of settlement names in the region derived from classical literature, such as Aurelius, Ovid, and especially of Ulysses, New York, the town that contained Ithaca at the time. Around 1791 De Witt surveyed what is now the downtown area into lots and sold them at modest prices.
The first frame house was erected in 1800 by Abram Markle.
In 1804 the village had a postmaster and in 1805 a tavern. === Growth === Ithaca became a transshipping point for salt from curing beds near Salina, New York to buyers south and east.
In 1804 the village had a postmaster and in 1805 a tavern. === Growth === Ithaca became a transshipping point for salt from curing beds near Salina, New York to buyers south and east.
This prompted construction in 1810 of the Owego Turnpike.
When the War of 1812 cut off access to Nova Scotia gypsum, used for fertilizer, Ithaca became the center of trade in Cayuga gypsum.
Cornell's Dairy Research Facility is a center of research and support for New York's large and growing milk and yogurt industries. == Media == The Ithaca Journal was founded in 1815 and is a morning daily newspaper that has been owned by Gannett since 1912.
The Cayuga Steamboat Company was organized in 1819 and in 1820 launched the first steamboat on Cayuga Lake, the Enterprise.
The Cayuga Steamboat Company was organized in 1819 and in 1820 launched the first steamboat on Cayuga Lake, the Enterprise.
In 1821, the village was incorporated at the same time the Town of Ithaca was organized and separated from the parent Town of Ulysses.
In 1834, the Ithaca and Owego Railroad's first horse-drawn train began service, connecting traffic on the east–west Erie Canal (completed in 1825) with the Susquehanna River to the south to expand the trade network. With the depression of 1837, the railroad was re-organized as the Cayuga & Susquehanna.
In 1834, the Ithaca and Owego Railroad's first horse-drawn train began service, connecting traffic on the east–west Erie Canal (completed in 1825) with the Susquehanna River to the south to expand the trade network. With the depression of 1837, the railroad was re-organized as the Cayuga & Susquehanna.
In 1834, the Ithaca and Owego Railroad's first horse-drawn train began service, connecting traffic on the east–west Erie Canal (completed in 1825) with the Susquehanna River to the south to expand the trade network. With the depression of 1837, the railroad was re-organized as the Cayuga & Susquehanna.
It was re-engineered with switchbacks in the late 1840s; in the late 20th century a short section of this route in the city and town of Ithaca was used for the South Hill Recreation Way. However, easier railroad routes were constructed, such as that of the Syracuse, Binghamton & New York (1854).
When the Lehigh Valley Railroad built its main line from Pennsylvania to Buffalo, New York in 1890, it bypassed Ithaca (running via eastern Schuyler County on easier grades), as the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad had done in the 1850s. In the late 19th century, more industry developed in Ithaca.
In 1865, Ezra Cornell founded Cornell University, which overlooks the town from East Hill.
Women first enrolled in 1870.
The Cornell Daily Sun is also published in Ithaca, operating since 1880.
In 1883 William Henry Baker and his partners started the Ithaca Gun Company, making shotguns.
Its 12-gauge shotguns were the standard used for decades by the New York City Police Department and Los Angeles Police Department. In 1885, Ithaca Children's Home was established on West Seneca Street.
The village established its first trolley in 1887.
In fact, Ithaca was the fourth community in New York state with a street railway; streetcars ran from 1887 to summer 1935. In 2019 the Ithaca Central Railroad, a Watco subsidiary, took over the operation of the Norfolk Southern Ithaca Secondary line from Sayre, Pennsylvania to the Lake Ridge site of the AES Cayuga, a coal power plant (known as Milliken Station during NYSEG ownership).
Ithaca developed as a small manufacturing and retail center and was incorporated as a city in 1888.
When the Lehigh Valley Railroad built its main line from Pennsylvania to Buffalo, New York in 1890, it bypassed Ithaca (running via eastern Schuyler County on easier grades), as the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad had done in the 1850s. In the late 19th century, more industry developed in Ithaca.
The largest industrial company in the area was Morse Chain, elements of which were absorbed into Emerson Power Transmission on South Hill and Borg Warner Automotive in Lansing, New York. Ithaca claims to be the birthplace of the ice cream sundae, created in 1892 when fountain shop owner Chester Platt "served his local priest vanilla ice cream covered in cherry syrup with a dark candied cherry on top.
Also in 1892, the Ithaca Kitty became one of the first mass-produced stuffed animal toys in the United States. In 1903 a typhoid epidemic, resulting from poor sanitation infrastructure, devastated the city.
Ithaca College was founded as the Ithaca Conservatory of Music in 1892.
In a single season, Cornell Concert Series presents performers ranging from the Leipzig Tomanerchor and Danish Quartet to Simon Shaheen, Vida Guitar Quartet, and Eighth Blackbird. The School of Music at Ithaca College was founded in 1892 by William Egbert as a music conservatory on Buffalo Street.
Local residents lost fifty-one people to the illness that year, but there was “an average of thirty-nine cases each year” for the consecutive ten years following. In 1900 Cornell anatomy professor G.
Also in 1892, the Ithaca Kitty became one of the first mass-produced stuffed animal toys in the United States. In 1903 a typhoid epidemic, resulting from poor sanitation infrastructure, devastated the city.
Ithaca is home to one of the United States' first local currency systems, Ithaca Hours, developed by Paul Glover. === Music === Ithaca is the home of the Cayuga Chamber Orchestra. The Cornell Concert Series has been hosting musicians and ensembles of international stature since 1903.
Many of these films were the work of Leopold Wharton and his brother Theodore; their studio was on the site of what is now Stewart Park. The Star Theatre on East Seneca Street was built in 1911 and became the most popular vaudeville venue in the region.
Cornell's Dairy Research Facility is a center of research and support for New York's large and growing milk and yogurt industries. == Media == The Ithaca Journal was founded in 1815 and is a morning daily newspaper that has been owned by Gannett since 1912.
In addition, frost may occur any time of year except mid-summer. Winter is typically characterized by freezing temperatures, cloudy skies, and light-to-moderate snows, with some heavier falls; the largest snowfall in one day was on February 14, 1914.
As of 2004, the PRI is now formally affiliated with Cornell. The Cayuga Nature Center occupies the site of the 1914 Cayuga Preventorium, a facility for children with tuberculosis; treatment of what was then considered an incurable disease was based on rest and good nutrition.
In 1937 the company began producing the Ithaca 37, based on a 1915 patent by noted firearms designer John Browning.
GE's headquarters were in Schenectady, New York, to the east in the Mohawk Valley. Although Ithaca has a history of Ku Klux Klan activity, including a cross burning in 1923 and 1924, "the peak years of Klan activity in Ithaca were 1923-1925" and it represented only a fraction of the population.
GE's headquarters were in Schenectady, New York, to the east in the Mohawk Valley. Although Ithaca has a history of Ku Klux Klan activity, including a cross burning in 1923 and 1924, "the peak years of Klan activity in Ithaca were 1923-1925" and it represented only a fraction of the population.
The PRI was founded in Ithaca in 1932 and is the publisher of the oldest journal of paleontology in the western hemisphere.
In fact, Ithaca was the fourth community in New York state with a street railway; streetcars ran from 1887 to summer 1935. In 2019 the Ithaca Central Railroad, a Watco subsidiary, took over the operation of the Norfolk Southern Ithaca Secondary line from Sayre, Pennsylvania to the Lake Ridge site of the AES Cayuga, a coal power plant (known as Milliken Station during NYSEG ownership).
Extreme temperatures range from as recently as February 2, 1961 up to on July 9, 1936. The valley flatland has slightly cooler weather in winter, and occasionally Ithaca residents experience simultaneous snow on the hills and rain in the valley.
In 1937 the company began producing the Ithaca 37, based on a 1915 patent by noted firearms designer John Browning.
It was named after the railroad's largest commodity, anthracite coal. Into the early 1940s, the Lackawanna Railroad operated two shuttle trains a day south to Owego, where passengers could transfer to trains to Buffalo and Chicago to the west and eastbound to Hoboken across from New York City.
Since 1941, the School of Music has been accredited by the National Association of Schools of Music. Ithaca's Suzuki school, Ithaca Talent Education, provides musical training for children of all ages and also teacher training for undergraduate and graduate-level students.
Cayuga Heights, a village adjacent to the city on its northeast, voted against annexation into the city of Ithaca in 1954. === Politics === Politically, the majority of the city's voters (many of them students) have supported liberalism and the Democratic Party.
It is located at Steamboat Landing, where steamboats from Cayuga Lake used to dock. The South Hills Business Campus originally opened in 1957 as the regional headquarters of the National Cash Register Company.
Until 1958, the Lackawanna maintained Syracuse - Binghamton service through nearby Cortland to the east.
Until 1958, two Lehigh Valley trains a day made west-bound stops in Ithaca, and three trains a day made the station stops east-bound for New York City.
came to speak twice in Ithaca, in 1960 and 1961”.
Ithaca College was originally located in the downtown area but relocated to South Hill in the 1960s.
came to speak twice in Ithaca, in 1960 and 1961”.
Extreme temperatures range from as recently as February 2, 1961 up to on July 9, 1936. The valley flatland has slightly cooler weather in winter, and occasionally Ithaca residents experience simultaneous snow on the hills and rain in the valley.
There has been no passenger rail service since 1961.
The last train passenger train making stops in Ithaca was the Lehigh's Maple Leaf, discontinued on February 1, 1961. Within Ithaca, electric railways ran along Stewart Avenue and Eddy Street.
This topic had been previously discussed in 1963 and 1969.
This topic had been previously discussed in 1963 and 1969.
The collective Moosewood Restaurant, founded in 1973, published a number of vegetarian cookbooks.
It has become a destination and residence for retirees. The Ithaca Farmers Market, a cooperative with 150 vendors who live within 30 miles of Ithaca, first opened for business on Saturdays in 1973.
In 1981, the Cayuga Nature Center was incorporated as an independent, private, non-profit educational organization, offering environmental education to local school districts.
Since 1995, the mayor has been elected to a four-year term, and since 1989, the city judge has been elected to a six-year term. Since 1983, the city has been divided into five wards.
In 1987, however, the series broke with tradition to present Ravi Shankar and has since grown to encompass a broader spectrum of the world's great music.
Since 1995, the mayor has been elected to a four-year term, and since 1989, the city judge has been elected to a six-year term. Since 1983, the city has been divided into five wards.
Although it was sold in 1991 to American Telephone and Telegraph and later acquired by Cognitive TPG, TPG remains a major tenant of the South Hill Business Campus, which is now owned by a group of private investors. ===Agriculture=== Ithaca, home to the Cornell University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, has a deep connection to Central New York's farming and dairy industries.
Since 1995, the mayor has been elected to a four-year term, and since 1989, the city judge has been elected to a six-year term. Since 1983, the city has been divided into five wards.
The Utne Reader named Ithaca "America's most enlightened town" in 1997.
As such, the region is home to many wineries. == Demographics == Ithaca is the larger principal city of the Ithaca-Cortland CSA, a Combined Statistical Area that includes the Ithaca metropolitan area (Tompkins County) and the Cortland micropolitan area (Cortland County), which had a combined population of 145,100 at the 2000 census. As of the census of 2000, there were 29,287 people, 10,287 households, and 2,962 families residing in the city.
A major lead clean-up effort sponsored by the United States Superfund took place from 2002 to 2004, managed through the Environmental Protection Agency.
A major lead clean-up effort sponsored by the United States Superfund took place from 2002 to 2004, managed through the Environmental Protection Agency.
Emerson Power Transmission has been working with the state and South Hill residents to determine the extent and danger of the contamination and aid in cleanup. In 2004, Gayraud Townsend, a 20-year-old senior in Cornell's School of Industrial and Labor Relations, was sworn in as alderman of the city council, the first black male to be elected to the council and the youngest African American to be elected to office in the United States.
In 2004, Gayraud Townsend, a 20-year-old senior in Cornell's School of Industrial and Labor Relations, was sworn in as alderman of the city council, representing the 4th Ward.
A November 2004 study by ePodunk lists it as New York's most liberal city.
As of 2004, the PRI is now formally affiliated with Cornell. The Cayuga Nature Center occupies the site of the 1914 Cayuga Preventorium, a facility for children with tuberculosis; treatment of what was then considered an incurable disease was based on rest and good nutrition.
TCAT was reorganized as a non-profit corporation in 2004 and is primarily supported locally by Cornell University, the City of Ithaca and Tompkins County.
TCAT's ridership increased from 2.7 million in 2004 to 4.4 million in 2013.
In 2004, Cities Ranked and Rated named Ithaca the best "emerging city" to live in the United States.
In 2011, Cornell graduate Svante Myrick was elected Mayor of the City of Ithaca, becoming the youngest mayor in the city's history. In December 2005, the City and Town governments began discussing opportunities for increased government consolidation, including the possibility of joining the two into a single entity.
As of 2006, Ithaca has continued to have one of the few expanding economies in New York State outside New York City.
In 2006, the Internet realty website "Relocate America" named Ithaca the fourth-best city in the country to relocate to.
In July 2006, Ithaca was listed as one of the "12 Hippest Hometowns for Vegetarians" by
In 2008, Barack Obama, running against New York State's US Senator Hillary Clinton, won Tompkins County in the Democratic Presidential Primary, the only county that he won in New York State.
Obama won Tompkins County (including Ithaca) by a wide margin of 41% over his opponent John McCain in the November 2008 election. === Sister city === Ithaca is a sister city of: == Education == ===Colleges=== Ithaca is a major educational center in Central New York.
However, Route 79 between the I-81 access at Whitney Point and Ithaca receives a significant amount of Ithaca-bound congestion right before Ithaca's colleges reopen after breaks. In July 2008, a non-profit called Ithaca Carshare began a carsharing service in Ithaca.
In 2011 Cornell Class of 2009 graduate Svante Myrick was elected as the youngest mayor of the city of Ithaca. == Geography and climate == === Geography === The valley in which Cayuga Lake is located is long and narrow with a north–south orientation.
There are over 80 live music venues within a 40-mile radius of the city, including cafes, pubs, clubs, and concert halls. == Transportation == In 2009, the Ithaca metropolitan statistical area (MSA) ranked as the highest in the United States for the percentage of commuters who walked to work (15.1 percent).
The city's voters are notably more liberal than those in the remainder of Tompkins County or in upstate New York, generally voting for Democratic Party candidates. As of 2010, the city's population was 30,014.
In 2011 Cornell Class of 2009 graduate Svante Myrick was elected as the youngest mayor of the city of Ithaca. == Geography and climate == === Geography === The valley in which Cayuga Lake is located is long and narrow with a north–south orientation.
In 2011, Cornell graduate Svante Myrick was elected Mayor of the City of Ithaca, becoming the youngest mayor in the city's history. In December 2005, the City and Town governments began discussing opportunities for increased government consolidation, including the possibility of joining the two into a single entity.
In 2011, the PRI merged with the Cayuga Nature Center, making it a sister organization to the Museum of the Earth. The Cornell Lab of Ornithology is located in the Imogene Powers Johnson Center for Birds and Biodiversity.
In 2013, the Ithaca MSA ranked as the second lowest in the United States for percentage of commuters who traveled by private vehicle (68.7 percent).
TCAT's ridership increased from 2.7 million in 2004 to 4.4 million in 2013.
Tioga County Public Transit operates three routes to Ithaca and Cornell but will cease operating on November 30, 2014. GADABOUT Transportation Services, Inc.
In March 2015, the Common Council unanimously adopted a resolution recognizing freedom from domestic violence as a fundamental [right]. Since students won the right to vote where they attend colleges, some have become more active in local politics.
Ithaca Carshare has a fleet of vehicles shared by over 1500 members as of July 2015 and has become a popular service among both city residents and the college communities.
In 2018 there were 23,600 students enrolled at Cornell and 6,700 at Ithaca College.
A 2019 census estimate stated the population was 30,837. Namgyal Monastery in Ithaca is the North American seat of Tenzin Gyatso, the 14th Dalai Lama. == History == === Early history === Native Americans lived in this area for thousands of years.
Starting September 2019, intercity buses serving Ithaca operated from the downtown bus stop at 131 East Green Street, as the former Greyhound bus station on West State Street closed due to staff retirement and building maintenance issues. Ithaca is the center of an extensive bus public transportation network.
In late 2019 the airport completed a major $34.8 million renovation which included a larger terminal with additional passenger gates and jet bridges, expanded passenger amenities, and a customs facility that enables it to receive international charter and private flights. American Eagle offers daily flights to its hub at Philadelphia, and weekly service to its Charlotte hub, both operated by Piedmont Airlines using Embraer ERJ-145 airliners.
In fact, Ithaca was the fourth community in New York state with a street railway; streetcars ran from 1887 to summer 1935. In 2019 the Ithaca Central Railroad, a Watco subsidiary, took over the operation of the Norfolk Southern Ithaca Secondary line from Sayre, Pennsylvania to the Lake Ridge site of the AES Cayuga, a coal power plant (known as Milliken Station during NYSEG ownership).
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