His paternal great-great-great-grandfather emigrated from Balquhidder, Scotland, in 1825.
In 1996, Cameron reunited with the cast of Terminator 2 to film Battle Across Time, an attraction at Universal Studios Florida, and in other parks around the world. His next major project was Titanic (1997), an epic film about , which sank in 1912 after striking an iceberg.
James Francis Cameron (born August 16, 1954) is a Canadian film director, producer, screenwriter, editor, artist, and environmentalist who currently lives in New Zealand.
Cameron is also an environmentalist and runs several sustainability businesses. ==Early life== James Francis Cameron was born on August 16, 1954 in Kapuskasing, Ontario, the son of Philip Cameron, an electrical engineer, and Shirley (née Lowe), an artist and nurse.
He was preceded by unmanned dives in 1995 and 2009, as well as by Jacques Piccard and Don Walsh, the first men to reach the bottom of the Mariana Trench aboard the Bathyscaphe Trieste in 1960. In June 2013, British artist Roger Dean filed a copyright complaint against Cameron, seeking damages of $50 million.
They have one son and two daughters together. Cameron has resided in the United States since 1971, but he remains a Canadian citizen.
Classmates recalled that he was not a sportsman but instead enjoyed building things that "either went up into the air or into the deep". After high school, Cameron enrolled at Fullerton College, a community college in 1973 to study physics.
He switched subjects to English, but left the college at the end of 1974.
After the excitement of seeing Star Wars in 1977, Cameron quit his job as a truck driver to enter the film industry. ==Career== === 1978–1983: Early work === Cameron's directing career began in 1978.
After the excitement of seeing Star Wars in 1977, Cameron quit his job as a truck driver to enter the film industry. ==Career== === 1978–1983: Early work === Cameron's directing career began in 1978.
He was married to Sharon Williams from 1978 to 1984.
In the late 1980s, Mario Kassar of Carolco Pictures secured the rights to the sequel, allowing Cameron to begin production of the film, Judgment Day (1991).
A year after he and Sharon divorced, Cameron married film producer Gale Anne Hurd, a close collaborator for his 1980s films.
He carried out the special effects for John Carpenter's Escape from New York (1981), served as production designer for Galaxy of Terror (1981), and consulted on the design for Android (1982). Cameron was hired as the special effects director for the sequel to Piranha (1978), titled The Spawning in 1982.
Upon release of Piranha II: The Spawning, critics were not impressed; author Tim Healey called it "a marvellously bad movie which splices clichés from every conceivable source". === 1984–1992: Breakthrough === Inspired by John Carpenter's Halloween (1978) and other science fiction work, in 1982 Cameron wrote the script for The Terminator (1984), which is a thriller about a cyborg sent from the future to carry out a lethal mission.
Upon release of Piranha II: The Spawning, critics were not impressed; author Tim Healey called it "a marvellously bad movie which splices clichés from every conceivable source". === 1984–1992: Breakthrough === Inspired by John Carpenter's Halloween (1978) and other science fiction work, in 1982 Cameron wrote the script for The Terminator (1984), which is a thriller about a cyborg sent from the future to carry out a lethal mission.
Gale Anne Hurd, a colleague and founder of Pacific Western Productions, to whom Cameron was married from 1984–89, agreed to buy Cameron's script for one dollar, on the condition that Cameron direct the film.
In 2008, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry, being deemed "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant". In 1984, Cameron co-wrote the screenplay to First Blood Part II with Sylvester Stallone.
He was married to Sharon Williams from 1978 to 1984.
In addition, the film including Weaver made the cover of Time magazine in July 1986. After Aliens, Cameron and Gale Anne Hurd decided to make The Abyss, a story about oil-rig workers who discover strange intelligent life in the ocean.
The film was nominated for seven Academy Awards in 1987; Best Actress, Best Art Direction, Best Film Editing, Best Original Score and Best Sound.
In 1991, Cameron served as executive producer for Point Break (1991), directed by Kathryn Bigelow, to whom he was married between 1989 and 1991.
They divorced in 1989.
Soon after separating from Hurd, Cameron met the director Kathryn Bigelow whom he wed in 1989, but they divorced in 1991.
The Abyss received four Academy Award nominations and won Best Visual Effects. In 1990, Cameron co-founded the firm Lightstorm Entertainment with partner Lawrence Kasanoff.
The film is based on a 1990s Japanese manga series Battle Angel Alita, depicting a cyborg who cannot remember anything of her past life and tries to uncover the truth.
In 1991, Cameron served as executive producer for Point Break (1991), directed by Kathryn Bigelow, to whom he was married between 1989 and 1991.
Despite the challenging use of computer-generated imagery (CGI), the film was completed on time and released on July 3, 1991.
In 1994, Cameron and Schwarzenegger reunited for their third collaboration, True Lies, a remake of the 1991 French comedy La Totale! The story depicts an American secret agent who leads a double life as a married man, whose wife believes he is a computer salesman.
Soon after separating from Hurd, Cameron met the director Kathryn Bigelow whom he wed in 1989, but they divorced in 1991.
Similarly, Avatar views tribal people as an honest group, whereas a "technologically advanced imperial culture is fundamentally evil". ==Filmography== ==Awards and recognition== Cameron received the inaugural Ray Bradbury Award from the Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America in 1992 for Terminator 2: Judgment Day.
It also received nominations for Best Cinematography and Best Film Editing, but lost both to political thriller JFK (1991). === 1993–2001: Continued efforts and Titanic === In subsequent years, Cameron planned to do a third Terminator film but plans never materialized.
He moved onto other projects and in 1993, Cameron co-founded Digital Domain, a visual effects production company.
Their daughter was born in 1993.
Cameron met close friend Guillermo del Toro on the production of his 1993 film, Cronos.
In 1994, Cameron and Schwarzenegger reunited for their third collaboration, True Lies, a remake of the 1991 French comedy La Totale! The story depicts an American secret agent who leads a double life as a married man, whose wife believes he is a computer salesman.
In 1995, Cameron co-produced Strange Days, a science fiction thriller.
Starting in 1995, Cameron took several dives to the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean to capture footage of the wreck, which would later be used in the film.
Although Cameron had written an 80-page treatment for Avatar in 1995, Cameron stated that he wanted the necessary technology to improve before starting production.
In the feature, the experts revised the CGI animation of the sinking conceived in 1995.
He was preceded by unmanned dives in 1995 and 2009, as well as by Jacques Piccard and Don Walsh, the first men to reach the bottom of the Mariana Trench aboard the Bathyscaphe Trieste in 1960. In June 2013, British artist Roger Dean filed a copyright complaint against Cameron, seeking damages of $50 million.
In 1996, Cameron reunited with the cast of Terminator 2 to film Battle Across Time, an attraction at Universal Studios Florida, and in other parks around the world. His next major project was Titanic (1997), an epic film about , which sank in 1912 after striking an iceberg.
A replica of the ship was built in Rosarito Beach and principal photography began in September 1996.
In 1996, they reconciled their friendship and Horner produced the soundtracks for Titanic and Avatar. Despite this reputation, Bill Paxton and Sigourney Weaver have praised Cameron's perfectionism and attention to detail.
The supporting cast includes Billy Zane, Kathy Bates, Frances Fisher, Gloria Stuart, Bernard Hill, Jonathan Hyde, Victor Garber, Danny Nucci, David Warner and Bill Paxton.After months of delay, Titanic premiered on December 19, 1997.
Cameron married Hamilton in 1997.
Titanic received a record-tie of fourteen nominations (tied with All About Eve (1950)) at the 1998 Academy Awards.
In 1998, he and his brother, John, formed Earthship Productions, a company to allow streaming of documentaries on the deep sea, one of Cameron's interests.
In 1998, del Toro's father was kidnapped in Guadalajara and Cameron gave del Toro more than $1 million in cash to pay a ransom and have his father released. Cameron is an expert on deep-sea exploration, in part because of his work on The Abyss and Titanic, and his childhood fascination with shipwrecks.
In recognition of "a distinguished career as a Canadian filmmaker", Carleton University awarded Cameron the honorary degree of Doctor of Fine Arts on June 13, 1998.
Cameron received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement in 1998, presented by Awards Council member George Lucas.
He also received an honorary doctorate in 1998 from Brock University in St.
In 1998, Cameron attended a convocation to receive an honorary degree from Ryerson University, Toronto.
Authors Kevin Sandler and Gaylyn Studlar wrote in 1999 that the mix of romance, historical nostalgia and James Horner's music, contributed to the film's cultural phenomenon.
In 2000, Cameron made his debut in television and co-created Dark Angel with Charles H.
He married Amis, his fifth wife, in 2000.
In 2002, Spider-Man was released with the screenplay credited solely to Koepp.
While the first season was moderately successful, the second season did less well, which led to its cancellation. === 2002–2010: Documentaries and Avatar success === In 2002, Cameron served as producer on the 2002 film Solaris, a science fiction drama directed by Steven Soderbergh.
In 2003, he directed Ghosts of the Abyss, a documentary about RMS Titanic which was released by Walt Disney Pictures and Walden Media, and designed for 3D theaters.
Cameron applied for American citizenship in 2004, but withdrew his application after George W.
Cameron has won two Golden Globes: Best Director for Titanic and Avatar. In recognition of his contributions to underwater filming and remote vehicle technology, University of Southampton awarded Cameron the honorary degree of Doctor of the University in July 2004.
In 2005, Cameron co-directed Aliens of the Deep, a documentary about the various forms of life in the ocean.
Cameron had mentioned two projects as early as June 2005; Avatar (2009) and Battle Angel (2019), the latter which he produced, both films were to be shot in 3D technology.
In 2006, Cameron co-created and narrated The Exodus Decoded, a documentary exploring the Biblical account of the Exodus.
He wanted to make Alita: Battle Angel first, followed by Avatar but switched the order in February 2006.
In 2006, Cameron's wife co-founded MUSE School, which became the first K-12 vegan school in the United States.
In 2007, Cameron and fellow director Simcha Jacobovici, produced The Lost Tomb of Jesus.
It was broadcast on Discovery Channel on March 4, 2007; the documentary was controversial for arguing that the Talpiot Tomb was the burial place of Jesus of Nazareth.By the mid-2000s, Cameron returned to directing and producing another mainstream film since Titanic.
In 2008, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry, being deemed "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant". In 1984, Cameron co-wrote the screenplay to First Blood Part II with Sylvester Stallone.
In 2008, Cameron received a star on Canada's Walk of Fame and a year later, received the 2,396th star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.
Cameron intended Avatar to be 3D-only but decided to adapt it for conventional viewing as well. Intended for release in May 2009, Avatar premiered on December 18, 2009.
He was preceded by unmanned dives in 1995 and 2009, as well as by Jacques Piccard and Don Walsh, the first men to reach the bottom of the Mariana Trench aboard the Bathyscaphe Trieste in 1960. In June 2013, British artist Roger Dean filed a copyright complaint against Cameron, seeking damages of $50 million.
In 2009, he was nominated for awards in Best Film Editing (shared with John Refoua and Stephen E.
Cameron holds the achievement of having directed the first two of the five films in history to gross over $2 billion worldwide. In 2010, Time magazine named Cameron as one of the 100 most influential people in the world.
The film received strong critical acclaim and became the highest-grossing film of all time, and held this position for 12 years until Cameron's Avatar beat the record in 2010.
In July 2010, an extended theatrical re-release generated a worldwide $33.2 million at the box office.
In March 2010, Cameron announced that Titanic will be converted and re-released in 3D to commemorate the centennial anniversary of the tragedy.
Cameron met with survivor, Tsutomu Yamaguchi, before his death in 2010. == Activism and social causes == As of 2012, Cameron and his family have adopted a vegan diet.
Nearby in Greytown, they run a café and grocery store, Forest Food Organics, selling produce from their land. In June 2010, Cameron met with officials of the Environmental Protection Agency to discuss possible solutions to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill.
On February 28, 2010, Cameron was honored with a Visual Effects Society (VES) Lifetime Achievement Award.
A species of frog, Pristimantis jamescameroni, was named after Cameron for his work in promoting environmental awareness and advocacy of veganism. In 2010, Time magazine named Cameron one of the 100 most influential people in the world.
That same year, he was ranked at the top of the list in The Guardian Film Power 100 and in 30th place in New Statesman's list of "The World's 50 Most Influential Figures 2010".
As of 2020, Avatar and Titanic hold the achievement for being the first two of the five films in history to gross over $2 billion worldwide. === 2011–present === In 2011, Cameron served as an executive producer for Sanctum, a disaster-survival film about a cave diving expedition which turns deadly.
In 2011, Cameron became a National Geographic explorer-in-residence.
In 2012, Cameron became the first person to perform a solo descent to the bottom of the Mariana Trench, the deepest part of the Earth's ocean, in the Deepsea Challenger submersible. Cameron's films have grossed approximately US$2 billion in North America and US$6 billion worldwide.
Cameron re-investigated the sinking of RMS Titanic with eight experts in a 2012 TV documentary special, Titanic: The Final Word with James Cameron, which premiered on April 8 on the National Geographic Channel.
On March 27, 2012, Titanic 3D premiered at Royal Albert Hall, London.
He also served as executive producer of Worlds Away and Deepsea Challenge 3D in 2012 and 2014, respectively. Cameron starred in the 2017 documentary Atlantis Rising, with collaborator Simcha Jacobovici.
Cameron met with survivor, Tsutomu Yamaguchi, before his death in 2010. == Activism and social causes == As of 2012, Cameron and his family have adopted a vegan diet.
He suggested that we need "a nice transition to a meatless or relatively meatless world in 20 or 30 years." In 2012, Cameron purchased more than 1,000 hectares (2,471 acres) of land in remote South Wairarapa, New Zealand; subsequent purchases has seen that grow to approximately 5,000 hectares.
In his role on March 7, 2012, he dived five-mile deep to the bottom of the New Britain Trench with the Deepsea Challenger.
When asked in 2012 about his reputation, Cameron drily responded, “I don’t have to shout any more, because the word is out there already". Cameron's work has had an influence in the Hollywood film industry.
In June 2012, Cameron was inducted to The Science Fiction Hall of Fame at the Museum of Pop Culture for his contribution to the science fiction and fantasy field.
Cameron returned to the Terminator franchise as producer and writer for Tim Miller's Dark Fate (2019). Upcoming projects In August 2013, Cameron announced plans to direct three sequels to Avatar simultaneously, for release in December 2016, 2017, and 2018.
He was preceded by unmanned dives in 1995 and 2009, as well as by Jacques Piccard and Don Walsh, the first men to reach the bottom of the Mariana Trench aboard the Bathyscaphe Trieste in 1960. In June 2013, British artist Roger Dean filed a copyright complaint against Cameron, seeking damages of $50 million.
In 2013, Cameron received the Nierenberg Prize for Science in the Public, which is annually awarded by the Scripps Institution of Oceanography.
He also served as executive producer of Worlds Away and Deepsea Challenge 3D in 2012 and 2014, respectively. Cameron starred in the 2017 documentary Atlantis Rising, with collaborator Simcha Jacobovici.
He has also hosted events for Global Green USA, and pushed for sustainable solutions to energy use. In early 2014, Cameron purchased the Beaufort Vineyard and Estate Winery in Courtenay, British Columbia for $2.7 million, to pursue his passion for sustainable agribusiness.
Relating to Avatar, he was accused of "wilful and deliberate copying, dissemination and exploitation" of his original images; the case was dismissed by US district judge Jesse Ferman in 2014.
In 2015, Weaver and Jamie Lee Curtis applauded Cameron again.
Cameron returned to the Terminator franchise as producer and writer for Tim Miller's Dark Fate (2019). Upcoming projects In August 2013, Cameron announced plans to direct three sequels to Avatar simultaneously, for release in December 2016, 2017, and 2018.
Cameron endorsed Democratic candidate Hillary Clinton for the 2016 United States presidential election. ==Personal life== Cameron has been married five times.
In 2016, Premier Exhibitions, owner of many RMS Titanic artifacts, filed for bankruptcy.
In 2017, Titanic became Cameron's second film to be selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry. After the huge success of Titanic, Cameron kept a low profile.
He also served as executive producer of Worlds Away and Deepsea Challenge 3D in 2012 and 2014, respectively. Cameron starred in the 2017 documentary Atlantis Rising, with collaborator Simcha Jacobovici.
Cameron returned to the Terminator franchise as producer and writer for Tim Miller's Dark Fate (2019). Upcoming projects In August 2013, Cameron announced plans to direct three sequels to Avatar simultaneously, for release in December 2016, 2017, and 2018.
Avatar 2 and Avatar 3 began simultaneous production in Manhattan Beach, California on August 15, 2017.
Principal photography began in New Zealand on September 25, 2017.
Although the sequels 4 and 5 have been given the green-light, Cameron stated in a 2017 interview, "Let's face it, if Avatar 2 and 3 don't make enough money, there's not going to be a 4 and 5". Lightstorm Entertainment bought the film rights to the Taylor Stevens novel, The Informationist, a thriller set in Africa; Cameron plans to direct.
Inspired by Avatar, Disney constructed Pandora – The World of Avatar, at Disney's Animal Kingdom in Florida which opened to the public on May 27, 2017.
James Cameron’s Story of Science Fiction, the six-episodic series was broadcast on AMC in 2018.
Cameron returned to the Terminator franchise as producer and writer for Tim Miller's Dark Fate (2019). Upcoming projects In August 2013, Cameron announced plans to direct three sequels to Avatar simultaneously, for release in December 2016, 2017, and 2018.
Heinlein, and without them, there wouldn't be [George] Lucas, [Steven] Spielberg, Ridley Scott or me". Battle Angel was finally released in 2019 after being in parallel development with Avatar.
The film premiered on January 31, 2019 to generally positive reviews and $404 million at the worldwide box office.
In June 2019, Cameron announced a business venture with film director Peter Jackson, to produce plant-based meat, cheese, and dairy products in New Zealand.
In 2019, Cameron was appointed as a Companion of the Order of Canada by Governor General Julie Payette, giving him the Post Nominal Letters "CC" for life. In 2020, Cameron was the subject of the second season of the Epicleff Media dramatic podcast Blockbuster.
As of 2020, Avatar and Titanic hold the achievement for being the first two of the five films in history to gross over $2 billion worldwide. === 2011–present === In 2011, Cameron served as an executive producer for Sanctum, a disaster-survival film about a cave diving expedition which turns deadly.
He said in August 2020 "......As a New Zealand resident (and hopefully soon-to-be-citizen) I plan to make all my future films in New Zealand, and I see the country having an opportunity to demonstrate to the international film industry how to safely return to work.
In 2019, Cameron was appointed as a Companion of the Order of Canada by Governor General Julie Payette, giving him the Post Nominal Letters "CC" for life. In 2020, Cameron was the subject of the second season of the Epicleff Media dramatic podcast Blockbuster.
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