Exploring Expedition surveyed the island in 1841.
Guano Islands Act of 1856.
In March 1857 the island was claimed for the United States under the Guano Islands Act and formally annexed on February 27, 1858. ===Nineteenth-century guano mining=== The American Guano Company, which was incorporated in 1857, established claims in respect of Baker Island and Jarvis Island which was recognized under the U.S.
In March 1857 the island was claimed for the United States under the Guano Islands Act and formally annexed on February 27, 1858. ===Nineteenth-century guano mining=== The American Guano Company, which was incorporated in 1857, established claims in respect of Baker Island and Jarvis Island which was recognized under the U.S.
Beginning in 1858, several support structures were built on Jarvis Island, along with a two-story, eight-room "superintendent's house" featuring an observation cupola and wide verandahs.
The island was visited by whaling vessels till the 1870s. The U.S.
Squire Flockton was left alone on the island as caretaker for several months and committed suicide there in 1883, apparently from gin-fueled despair.
resumed mining guano from 1886 to 1899.
The United Kingdom annexed the island on June 3, 1889.
resumed mining guano from 1886 to 1899.
Arundel visited the island in 1909 on maiden voyage of the S.S.
The beacon was standing in 1935, and remained until at least 1942. ===Wreck of barquentine Amaranth=== On August 30, 1913, the barquentine Amaranth (C.
The ship's scattered remains were noted and scavenged for many years, and rounded fragments of coal from the Amaranth's [(ship)|hold] were still being found on the south beach in the late 1930s. ===Millersville (1935–1942)=== Jarvis Island was reclaimed by the United States government and colonized from March 26, 1935, onwards, under the American Equatorial Islands Colonization Project (see also Howland Island and Baker Island).
Bush. A feral cat population, descendants of cats likely brought by colonists in the 1930s, wrought disruption to the island's wildlife and vegetation.
Since cats were removed, seabird numbers and diversity have increased. Nineteenth-century tram track remains can be seen in the dried lagoon bed at the island's center and the late 1930s-era lighthouse-shaped day beacon still stands on the western shore at the site of Millersville. Public entry to anyone, including U.S.
The beacon was standing in 1935, and remained until at least 1942. ===Wreck of barquentine Amaranth=== On August 30, 1913, the barquentine Amaranth (C.
The ship's scattered remains were noted and scavenged for many years, and rounded fragments of coal from the Amaranth's [(ship)|hold] were still being found on the south beach in the late 1930s. ===Millersville (1935–1942)=== Jarvis Island was reclaimed by the United States government and colonized from March 26, 1935, onwards, under the American Equatorial Islands Colonization Project (see also Howland Island and Baker Island).
In January 1958 all scattered building ruins from both the nineteenth century guano diggings and the 1935–1942 colonization attempt were swept away without a trace by a severe storm which lasted several days and was witnessed by the scientists.
Department of the Interior on May 13, 1936.
The beacon was standing in 1935, and remained until at least 1942. ===Wreck of barquentine Amaranth=== On August 30, 1913, the barquentine Amaranth (C.
On February 7, 1942, the USCGC Taney evacuated the colonists, then shelled and burned the dwellings.
By the early 1960s a few sheds, a century of accumulated trash, the scientists' house from the late 1950s and a solid, short lighthouse-like day beacon built two decades before were the only signs of human habitation on Jarvis. ==National Wildlife Refuge== On June 27, 1974, Secretary of the Interior Rogers Morton created Jarvis Island National Wildlife Refuge which was expanded in 2009 to add submerged lands within of the island.
The roughly cleared landing area on the island's northeast end was later shelled by the Japanese, leaving crater holes. ===International Geophysical Year=== Jarvis was visited by scientists during the International Geophysical Year from July 1957 until November 1958.
The roughly cleared landing area on the island's northeast end was later shelled by the Japanese, leaving crater holes. ===International Geophysical Year=== Jarvis was visited by scientists during the International Geophysical Year from July 1957 until November 1958.
In January 1958 all scattered building ruins from both the nineteenth century guano diggings and the 1935–1942 colonization attempt were swept away without a trace by a severe storm which lasted several days and was witnessed by the scientists.
By the early 1960s a few sheds, a century of accumulated trash, the scientists' house from the late 1950s and a solid, short lighthouse-like day beacon built two decades before were the only signs of human habitation on Jarvis. ==National Wildlife Refuge== On June 27, 1974, Secretary of the Interior Rogers Morton created Jarvis Island National Wildlife Refuge which was expanded in 2009 to add submerged lands within of the island.
By the early 1960s a few sheds, a century of accumulated trash, the scientists' house from the late 1950s and a solid, short lighthouse-like day beacon built two decades before were the only signs of human habitation on Jarvis. ==National Wildlife Refuge== On June 27, 1974, Secretary of the Interior Rogers Morton created Jarvis Island National Wildlife Refuge which was expanded in 2009 to add submerged lands within of the island.
Just eight breeding species were recorded in 1982, compared to thirteen in 1996, and fourteen species in 2004.
The Polynesian storm petrel had made its return after over 40 years absent from Jarvis Island, and the number of Brown noddies multiplied from just a few birds in 1982 to nearly 10,000.
Just twelve Gray-backed terns were recorded in 1982, but by 2004, over 200 nests were found on there.
These cats were removed through efforts which began in the mid-1960s and lasted until 1990 when they were completely eradicated.
Just eight breeding species were recorded in 1982, compared to thirteen in 1996, and fourteen species in 2004.
Just eight breeding species were recorded in 1982, compared to thirteen in 1996, and fourteen species in 2004.
Just twelve Gray-backed terns were recorded in 1982, but by 2004, over 200 nests were found on there.
By the early 1960s a few sheds, a century of accumulated trash, the scientists' house from the late 1950s and a solid, short lighthouse-like day beacon built two decades before were the only signs of human habitation on Jarvis. ==National Wildlife Refuge== On June 27, 1974, Secretary of the Interior Rogers Morton created Jarvis Island National Wildlife Refuge which was expanded in 2009 to add submerged lands within of the island.
In January 2009, that entity was upgraded to the Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument by President George W.
All laws of the United States are applicable on the island. ==See also== Howland and Baker islands List of Guano Island claims Under a Jarvis Moon, an 88-minute 2010 documentary ==References== ==External links== Jarvis Island Home Page Website with photos, weather, and more. Jarvis Island information website Has several photos of the old Millersville settlement, together with more modern photos of the island. WorldStatesmen Offers brief data on Jarvis island. U.S.
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