He wrote: "In much the same way, young German boys and girls in 1941 were mesmerized by Leni Riefenstahl's Triumph of the Will, in which Adolf Hitler was depicted as a newborn God.
Bush. ==Plot== The film opens with newsreel footage, including the farewell address in 1961 of outgoing President Dwight D.
This builds to a reconstruction of the assassination on November 22, 1963. New Orleans District Attorney Jim Garrison subsequently learns about potential New Orleans links to the JFK assassination.
Co-producer Clayton Townsend has said that the hardest part was getting the permission to restore the building to the way it looked back in 1963.
It took five months of negotiation. The production spent $4 million to restore Dealey Plaza to 1963 conditions.
Kennedy's suspected assassin Lee Harvey Oswald is killed by Jack Ruby, and Garrison closes the investigation. The investigation is reopened in 1966 after Garrison reads the Warren Report and notices what he believes to be multiple inaccuracies.
Ray had gone to New Orleans and worked with Garrison in 1967.
They conclude that Oswald was too poor a marksman to make the shots, indicating someone else, or multiple marksmen, were involved. In 1968, Garrison meets a high-level figure in Washington D.C.
To prepare, Richardson read up on various JFK assassination books starting with On the Trail of the Assassins and Crossfire: The Plot That Killed Kennedy. The original idea was to film the opening sequence in 1.33:1 aspect ratio in order to simulate the TV screens that were available at the time of the assassination, then transition to 1.85:1 when Garrison began his investigation, and finally switch to 2.35:1 for scenes occurring in 1968 and later.
Before his death, Ferrie tells Garrison that he believes people are after him, and reveals there was a conspiracy to kill Kennedy. The trial of Clay Shaw takes place in 1969.
As a dramatic interpretation of events, it's journalistically bankrupt nonsense." Harry Connick Sr., the New Orleans district attorney who defeated Garrison in 1973, criticized Stone's view of the assassination: "Stone was either unaware of the details and particulars of the Clay Shaw investigation and trial or, if he was aware, that didn't get in his way of what he perceived to be the way the case should have been." In his book The Assassination of President John F.
Shaw died of lung cancer in 1974, but in 1979, Richard Helms testified that Clay Shaw had been a part-time contact of the Domestic Contacts Division of the CIA.
Shaw died of lung cancer in 1974, but in 1979, Richard Helms testified that Clay Shaw had been a part-time contact of the Domestic Contacts Division of the CIA.
The end credits claim that records related to the assassination will be released to the public in 2029. ==Cast== ==Production== Zachary Sklar, a journalist and a professor of journalism at the Columbia School of Journalism, met Garrison in 1987 and helped him rewrite a manuscript that he was working on about Kennedy's assassination.
Sklar edited the book and it was published in 1988.
Anthony Lewis in The New York Times stated that the film "tells us that our government cannot be trusted to give an honest account of a Presidential assassination." Washington Post columnist George Will called Stone "a man of technical skill, scant education and negligible conscience." Time ran its own critique of the film-in-progress on June 10, 1991 and alleged that Stone was trying to suppress a rival JFK assassination film based on Don DeLillo's 1988 novel Libra.
Stone read two dozen books on the assassination while Rusconi read between 100 and 200 books on the subject. By December 1989, Stone began approaching studios to back his film.
JFK is a 1991 American epic political thriller film directed by Oliver Stone.
The film gradually picked up momentum at the box office after a slow start, earning over $205 million in worldwide gross, making it the sixth highest-grossing film of 1991 worldwide. JFK was nominated for eight Academy Awards, including Best Picture, Best Director, and Best Supporting Actor for Jones, and won two for Best Cinematography and Best Film Editing.
Two months after finally signing on to play Garrison in January 1991, his film Dances with Wolves won seven Academy Awards and so his presence greatly enhanced JFK's bankability in the studio's eyes. Tommy Lee Jones was originally considered for another role that was ultimately cut from the film and Stone then decided to cast him as Shaw.
Shooting began on April 15, 1991, lasting 79 days with filming finished four-and-a-half months before the release date. ===Editing=== JFK marked a fundamental change in the way that Stone constructed his films: a subjective lateral presentation of the plot, with the editing's rhythm carrying the story.
Anthony Lewis in The New York Times stated that the film "tells us that our government cannot be trusted to give an honest account of a Presidential assassination." Washington Post columnist George Will called Stone "a man of technical skill, scant education and negligible conscience." Time ran its own critique of the film-in-progress on June 10, 1991 and alleged that Stone was trying to suppress a rival JFK assassination film based on Don DeLillo's 1988 novel Libra.
The Sydney Morning Herald named JFK as the best film of 1991.
Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale. ===Box-office=== JFK was released in theaters on December 20, 1991.
By the first week in January 1992, it had grossed over $50 million worldwide, eventually earning over $200 million worldwide and $70 million in the United States during its initial run. Garrison's estate subsequently sued Warner Bros.
Kennedy Assassination Records Collection Act of 1992, also known as the JFK Act. The ARRB stated that the film "popularized a version of President Kennedy's assassination that featured U.S.
The theatrical cut has not been released on physical media in the US since the 1992 laserdisc, although it has been released on both DVD and Blu-ray internationally.
The "Director's Cut" of the film, extending it to 206 minutes, was released on VHS and laserdisc in 1993.
Kennedy ==References== ===Bibliography=== Riordan, James (September 1996) Stone: A Biography of Oliver Stone.
The Director's Cut was released on DVD in 1997.
Salewicz, Chris (February 1998) Oliver Stone: Close Up: The Making of His Movies.
Stone, Oliver (February 2000) JFK: The Book of the Film.
As of 2018, the theatrical cut and the director's cut are both available for digital download and streaming in the United States. On January 16, 2001, the Director's Cut was re-released on DVD as part of the Oliver Stone Collection box-set, with the film on one disc and supplemental material on the second.
In 2012, the Motion Picture Editors Guild listed the film as the ninth best-edited film of all time based on a survey of its membership. ==Legislative impact== The final report of the Assassination Records Review Board (ARRB) partially credited concern over the conclusions in JFK with the passage of the President John F.
As of 2018, the theatrical cut and the director's cut are both available for digital download and streaming in the United States. On January 16, 2001, the Director's Cut was re-released on DVD as part of the Oliver Stone Collection box-set, with the film on one disc and supplemental material on the second.
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