James Robert Jarmusch (; born January 22, 1953) is an American film director, screenwriter, actor, producer, editor, and composer.
As a musician, Jarmusch has composed music for his films and released three albums with Jozef van Wissem. ==Early life== Jarmusch was born January 22, 1953, in Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio, the middle of three children of middle-class suburbanites.
The first adult film he recalls seeing was the 1958 cult classic Thunder Road, the violence and darkness of which left an impression on the seven-year-old Jarmusch.
SQÜRL's version of Wanda Jackson's 1961 song "Funnel of Love", featuring Madeline Follin of Cults on vocals, opens Jarmusch's 2014 film Only Lovers Left Alive. Dutch lute composer Jozef van Wissem also collaborated with Jarmusch on the soundtrack for Only Lovers Left Alive and the pair also play in a duo.
The film is also considered to be a homage to Le Samourai, a 1967 French New Wave film by auteur Jean-Pierre Melville, which starred renowned French actor Alain Delon in a strikingly similar role and narrative. === 2000s === A five-year gap followed the release of Ghost Dog, which the director has attributed to a creative crisis he experienced in the aftermath of the September 11 attacks in New York City.
During the late 1970s in New York City, Jarmusch and his contemporaries were part of an alternative culture scene centered on the CBGB music club. In his final year at New York University, Jarmusch worked as an assistant to the film noir director Nicholas Ray, who was at that time teaching in the department.
He later remarked, "Growing up in Ohio was just planning to get out." After graduating from high school in 1971, Jarmusch moved to Chicago and enrolled in the Medill School of Journalism at Northwestern University.
There, he worked as a delivery driver for an art gallery, and spent most of his time at the Cinémathèque Française. Jarmusch graduated from Columbia University with a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1975.
Broke and working as a musician in New York City after returning from Paris in 1976, he applied on a whim to the graduate film school of New York University's School of the Arts (then under the direction of Hollywood director László Benedek).
Ray died in 1979 after a long fight with cancer.
He has been a major proponent of independent cinema since the 1980s, directing films such as Stranger Than Paradise (1984), Down by Law (1986), Mystery Train (1989), Dead Man (1995), The Way of the Samurai (1999), Coffee and Cigarettes (2003), Broken Flowers (2005), Only Lovers Left Alive (2013), Paterson (2016), and The Dead Don't Die (2019).
The university, unimpressed with Jarmusch's use of his funding as well as the project itself, promptly refused to award him a degree. ==Career== === 1980s === Jarmusch's final year university project was completed in 1980 as Permanent Vacation, his first feature film.
His films work on the senses much the way that some music does, unheard until it's too late to get it out of one's head." On his narrative focus, Jarmusch remarked in a 1989 interview, "I'd rather make a movie about a guy walking his dog than about the emperor of China." ==Filmography== ==Awards and legacy== In 1980 he won with his film Permanent Vacation the Josef von Sternberg Award at the International Filmfestival Mannheim-Heidelberg.
The bleak and unrefined Permanent Vacation is nevertheless one of the director's most personal films, and established many of the hallmarks he would exhibit in his later work, including derelict urban settings, chance encounters, and a wry sensibility. Stranger Than Paradise (1984) Jarmusch's first major film, Stranger Than Paradise, was produced on a budget of approximately $125,000 and released in 1984 to much critical acclaim.
It was awarded the Camera d'Or at the 1984 Cannes Film Festival as well as the 1985 National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Film, and became a landmark work in modern independent film. Down by Law (1986) In 1986, Jarmusch wrote and directed Down by Law, starring musicians John Lurie and Tom Waits, and Italian comic actor Roberto Benigni (his introduction to American audiences) as three convicts who escape from a New Orleans jailhouse.
In 1984 he won the Caméra d'Or at Cannes Film Festival for Stranger Than Paradise.
It was awarded the Camera d'Or at the 1984 Cannes Film Festival as well as the 1985 National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Film, and became a landmark work in modern independent film. Down by Law (1986) In 1986, Jarmusch wrote and directed Down by Law, starring musicians John Lurie and Tom Waits, and Italian comic actor Roberto Benigni (his introduction to American audiences) as three convicts who escape from a New Orleans jailhouse.
It was awarded the Camera d'Or at the 1984 Cannes Film Festival as well as the 1985 National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Film, and became a landmark work in modern independent film. Down by Law (1986) In 1986, Jarmusch wrote and directed Down by Law, starring musicians John Lurie and Tom Waits, and Italian comic actor Roberto Benigni (his introduction to American audiences) as three convicts who escape from a New Orleans jailhouse.
The first vignette, "Strange to Meet You", had been shot for and aired on Saturday Night Live in 1986, and paired Roberto Benigni with comedian Steven Wright.
Each of the four films had its premiere at the New York Film Festival, while Mystery Train was in competition at the 1989 Cannes Film Festival.
Jarmusch's distinctive aesthetic and auteur status fomented a critical backlash at the close of this early period, however; though reviewers praised the charm and adroitness of Mystery Train and Night On Earth, the director was increasingly charged with repetitiveness and risk-aversion. A film appearance in 1989 as a used car dealer in the cult comedy Leningrad Cowboys Go America further solidified his interest and participation in the road movie genre.
His films work on the senses much the way that some music does, unheard until it's too late to get it out of one's head." On his narrative focus, Jarmusch remarked in a 1989 interview, "I'd rather make a movie about a guy walking his dog than about the emperor of China." ==Filmography== ==Awards and legacy== In 1980 he won with his film Permanent Vacation the Josef von Sternberg Award at the International Filmfestival Mannheim-Heidelberg.
any more." In a 1989 review of his work, Vincent Canby of The New York Times called Jarmusch "the most adventurous and arresting film maker to surface in the American cinema in this decade".
In 1991 Jarmusch appeared as himself in Episode One of John Lurie's cult television series Fishing With John. === 1990s === Dead Man (1995) In 1995, Jarmusch released Dead Man, a period film set in the 19th century American West starring Johnny Depp and Gary Farmer.
He has experimented with a vignette format in three films that were either released, or begun around, the early 1990s: Mystery Train, Night on Earth and Coffee and Cigarettes.
In 1991 Jarmusch appeared as himself in Episode One of John Lurie's cult television series Fishing With John. === 1990s === Dead Man (1995) In 1995, Jarmusch released Dead Man, a period film set in the 19th century American West starring Johnny Depp and Gary Farmer.
This had been followed three years later by "Twins", a segment featuring actors Steve Buscemi and Joie and Cinqué Lee, and then in 1993 with the Short Film Palme d'Or-winning "Somewhere in California", starring musicians Tom Waits and Iggy Pop. Broken Flowers (2005) He followed Coffee and Cigarettes in 2005 with Broken Flowers, which starred Bill Murray as an early retiree who goes in search of the mother of his unknown son in attempt to overcome a midlife crisis.
A retrospective of the director's films was hosted at the Walker Art Center in Minneapolis, Minnesota, during February 1994, and another, "The Sad and Beautiful World of Jim Jarmusch", by the American Film Institute in August 2005. While Swinton, who has worked with Jarmusch on numerous occasions, describes him as a "rock star," the director admits that "I don't know where I fit in.
In 1991 Jarmusch appeared as himself in Episode One of John Lurie's cult television series Fishing With John. === 1990s === Dead Man (1995) In 1995, Jarmusch released Dead Man, a period film set in the 19th century American West starring Johnny Depp and Gary Farmer.
The film was shot in black and white by Robby Müller, and features a score composed and performed by Neil Young, for whom Jarmusch subsequently filmed the tour documentary Year of the Horse, released to tepid reviews in 1997. Though ill-received by mainstream American reviewers, Dead Man found much favor internationally and among critics, many of whom lauded it as a visionary masterpiece.
In 1999, he was laureate of the Douglas Sirk Preis at Filmfest Hamburg, Germany.
The film is also considered to be a homage to Le Samourai, a 1967 French New Wave film by auteur Jean-Pierre Melville, which starred renowned French actor Alain Delon in a strikingly similar role and narrative. === 2000s === A five-year gap followed the release of Ghost Dog, which the director has attributed to a creative crisis he experienced in the aftermath of the September 11 attacks in New York City.
Louis Post-Dispatch|date=March 24, 2000}} }} Other sources' Gonzalez, Éric, "Jim Jarmusch's Aesthetics of Sampling in Ghost Dog–The Way of the Samurai", Volume!, vol.
Stranger Than Paradise was added to the National Film Registry in December 2002.
In 2004 Jarmusch was honored with the Filmmaker on the Edge Award at the Provincetown International Film Festival.
Jarmusch was recognized with the Filmmaker on the Edge award at the 2004 Provincetown International Film Festival.
3, n° 2, Nantes: Éditions Mélanie Seteun, 2004, pp. 109–21. Ródenas, Gabri (2009), Guía para ver y analizar Noche en la Tierra de Jim Jarmusch, Barcelona/Valencia: Octaedro/Nau Llibres.
This had been followed three years later by "Twins", a segment featuring actors Steve Buscemi and Joie and Cinqué Lee, and then in 1993 with the Short Film Palme d'Or-winning "Somewhere in California", starring musicians Tom Waits and Iggy Pop. Broken Flowers (2005) He followed Coffee and Cigarettes in 2005 with Broken Flowers, which starred Bill Murray as an early retiree who goes in search of the mother of his unknown son in attempt to overcome a midlife crisis.
Jarmusch and Michel Gondry each contributed a remix to a limited edition release of the track "Blue Orchid" by The White Stripes in 2005. The author of a series of essays on influential bands, Jarmusch has also had at least two poems published.
In 2005 he won the Grand Prix of the 2005 Cannes Film Festival for his film Broken Flowers. Jarmusch is ascribed as having instigated the American independent film movement with Stranger Than Paradise.
In her description of the film in a 2005 profile of the director for The New York Times, critic Lynn Hirschberg declared that Stranger than Paradise "permanently upended the idea of independent film as an intrinsically inaccessible avant-garde form".
A retrospective of the director's films was hosted at the Walker Art Center in Minneapolis, Minnesota, during February 1994, and another, "The Sad and Beautiful World of Jim Jarmusch", by the American Film Institute in August 2005. While Swinton, who has worked with Jarmusch on numerous occasions, describes him as a "rock star," the director admits that "I don't know where I fit in.
Jarmusch first met van Wissem on a street in New York City's SoHo area in 2007, at which time the lute player handed the director a CD—several months later, Jarmusch asked van Wissem to send his catalog of recordings and the two started playing together as part of their developing friendship.
In October 2009, Jarmusch appeared as himself in an episode of the HBO series Bored to Death, and the following September, Jarmusch helped to curate the All Tomorrow's Parties music festival in Monticello, New York. === 2010s === In an August 2010 interview, Jarmusch revealed his forthcoming work schedule at that time: I'm working on a documentary about the Stooges [Iggy Pop-fronted band].
In October 2009, Jarmusch appeared as himself in an episode of the HBO series Bored to Death, and the following September, Jarmusch helped to curate the All Tomorrow's Parties music festival in Monticello, New York. === 2010s === In an August 2010 interview, Jarmusch revealed his forthcoming work schedule at that time: I'm working on a documentary about the Stooges [Iggy Pop-fronted band].
. Ródenas, Gabri (2010), "Jim Jarmusch: Del insomnio americano al insomnio universal", in Comunicación y sociedad, Navarra: University of Navarra, June 2010; . Ródenas, Gabri (2011), Jim Jarmusch: Lecturas sobre el insomnio americano (1980–1991), Spain/Germany: – Editorial Académica Española – LAP Lambert Academic Publishing GmbH & Co.
We have enough music for three EPs or an album. Only Lovers Left Alive (2013) Jarmusch eventually attained funding for the aforementioned film project after a protracted period and, in July 2012, Jarmusch began shooting Only Lovers Left Alive with Tilda Swinton, Tom Hiddleston (who replaced Fassbender), Mia Wasikowska, Anton Yelchin, and John Hurt, while Jarmusch's musical project SQÜRL were the main contributors to the film's soundtrack.
The film screened at the 2013 Cannes Film Festival and the 2013 Toronto International Film Festival (TIFF), with Jarmusch explaining the seven-year completion time frame at the former: "The reason it took so long is that no one wanted to give us the money.
Its getting more and more difficult for films that are a little unusual, or not predictable, or don't satisfy people's expectations of something." The film's budget was US$7 million and its UK release date was February 21, 2014. Paterson (2016) Jarmusch wrote and directed Paterson in 2016.
SQÜRL's version of Wanda Jackson's 1961 song "Funnel of Love", featuring Madeline Follin of Cults on vocals, opens Jarmusch's 2014 film Only Lovers Left Alive. Dutch lute composer Jozef van Wissem also collaborated with Jarmusch on the soundtrack for Only Lovers Left Alive and the pair also play in a duo.
Van Wissem explained in early April 2014: "I know the way [Jarmusch] makes his films is kind of like a musician.
He has music in his head when he's writing a script so it's more informed by a tonal thing than it is by anything else." ==As a filmmaker== In 2014 Jarmusch shunned the "auteur theory" and likened the filmmaking process to human sexual reproduction: I put 'A film by' as a protection of my rights, but I don't really believe it.
Its getting more and more difficult for films that are a little unusual, or not predictable, or don't satisfy people's expectations of something." The film's budget was US$7 million and its UK release date was February 21, 2014. Paterson (2016) Jarmusch wrote and directed Paterson in 2016.
On June 14, 2019 the film premiered at the 72nd Cannes Film Festival and received mixed reviews.
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