José Victoriano (Carmelo Carlos) González-Pérez (23 March 1887 – 11 May 1927), better known as Juan Gris (; ), was a Spanish painter born in Madrid who lived and worked in France for most of his active period.
Juan Gris: peintures et dessins, 1887–1927.
There, from 1902 to 1904, he contributed drawings to local periodicals.
There, from 1902 to 1904, he contributed drawings to local periodicals.
From 1904 to 1905, he studied painting with the academic artist José Moreno Carbonero.
From 1904 to 1905, he studied painting with the academic artist José Moreno Carbonero.
It was in 1905 that José Victoriano González adopted the more distinctive name Juan Gris. In 1909 Lucie Belin (1891–1942)—Gris' wife—gave birth to Georges Gonzalez-Gris (1909–2003), the artist's only child.
Josette Gris was Juan Gris' second companion and unofficial wife. ==Career== In 1906 he moved to Paris and became friends with the poets Guillaume Apollinaire, Max Jacob, and artists Henri Matisse, Georges Braque, Fernand Léger and Jean Metzinger.
It was in 1905 that José Victoriano González adopted the more distinctive name Juan Gris. In 1909 Lucie Belin (1891–1942)—Gris' wife—gave birth to Georges Gonzalez-Gris (1909–2003), the artist's only child.
The three lived at the Bateau-Lavoir, 13 Rue Ravignan, Paris, from 1909 to 1911.
On Classic Ground: Picasso, Léger, de Chirico and the New Classicism 1910–1930.
The three lived at the Bateau-Lavoir, 13 Rue Ravignan, Paris, from 1909 to 1911.
In Paris, Gris followed the lead of Metzinger and another friend and fellow countryman, Pablo Picasso. Gris began to paint seriously in 1911 (when he gave up working as a satirical cartoonist), developing at this time a personal Cubist style.
In A Life of Picasso, John Richardson writes that Jean Metzinger's 1911 work, Le goûter (Tea Time), persuaded Juan Gris of the importance of mathematics in painting.
In 1912 Gris met Charlotte Augusta Fernande Herpin (1894–1983), also known as Josette.
Gris exhibited for the first time at the 1912 Salon des Indépendants (a painting entitled Hommage à Pablo Picasso). "He appears with two styles", writes art historian Peter Brooke, "In one of them a grid structure appears that is clearly reminiscent of the Goûter and of Metzinger's later work in 1912." In the other, Brooke continues, "the grid is still present but the lines are not stated and their continuity is broken.
Toklas that "Juan Gris was the only person whom Picasso wished away". In 1912 Gris exhibited at the Exposició d'art cubista, Galeries Dalmau in Barcelona, the first declared group exhibition of Cubism worldwide; the gallery Der Sturm in Berlin; the Salon de la Société Normande de Peinture Moderne in Rouen; and the Salon de la Section d'Or in Paris.
Gris exhibited with the painters of the Puteaux Group in the Salon de la Section d'Or in 1912.
Late 1913 or early 1914 they lived together at the Bateau-Lavoir until 1922.
Gris, in that same year, signed a contract that gave Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler exclusive rights to his work. At first Gris painted in the style of Analytical Cubism, a term he himself later coined, but after 1913 he began his conversion to Synthetic Cubism, of which he became a steadfast interpreter, with extensive use of papier collé or, collage.
This surpassed previous records of $20.8 million for his 1915 still life Livre, pipe et verres, $28.6 million for the 1913 artwork Violon et guitare and $31.8 million for The musician's table, now in the Met.
Guggenheim Museum, New York Pears and Grapes on a Table, (autumn 1913).
Late 1913 or early 1914 they lived together at the Bateau-Lavoir until 1922.
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Bottle of Rum and Newspaper (Bouteille de rhum et journal), (June 1914).
In 1915 he was painted by his friend, Amedeo Modigliani.
Though Gris certainly had planned the representation of his chosen subject matter, the abstract armature serves as the starting point. The geometric structure of Juan Gris's Crystal period is already palpable in Still Life before an Open Window, Place Ravignan (June 1915; Philadelphia Museum of Art).
He died of kidney failure in Boulogne-sur-Seine (Paris) on 11 May 1927, at the age of 40, leaving a wife, Josette, and a son, Georges. ==Art market== The top auction price for a Gris work is $57.1 million (£34.8 million), achieved for his 1915 painting Nature morte à la nappe à carreaux (Still Life with Checked Tablecloth).
This surpassed previous records of $20.8 million for his 1915 still life Livre, pipe et verres, $28.6 million for the 1913 artwork Violon et guitare and $31.8 million for The musician's table, now in the Met.
In November 1917 he made one of his few sculptures, the polychrome plaster Harlequin. ==Crystal Cubism== Gris's works from late 1916 through 1917 exhibit a greater simplification of geometric structure, a blurring of the distinction between objects and setting, between subject matter and background.
The oblique overlapping planar constructions, tending away from equilibrium, can best be seen in Woman with Mandolin, after Corot (September 1916) and in its epilogue, Portrait of Josette Gris (October 1916; Museo Reina Sofia). The clear-cut underlying geometric framework of these works seemingly controls the finer elements of the compositions; the constituent components, including the small planes of the faces, become part of the unified whole.
In November 1917 he made one of his few sculptures, the polychrome plaster Harlequin. ==Crystal Cubism== Gris's works from late 1916 through 1917 exhibit a greater simplification of geometric structure, a blurring of the distinction between objects and setting, between subject matter and background.
Guggenheim Museum, New York Fruit Dish on a Checkered Tablecloth (Compotier et nappe à carreaux), (November 1917).
(French language) ==External links== Juan Gris, Joconde, Portail des collections des musées de France Juan Gris, Culture.gouv.fr, le site du Ministère de la culture – base Mémoire Artcyclopedia – Links to Gris' works The Athenaeum – Extensive list and images of Gris' works Juan Gris in Artfacts.Net See actual exhibitions and related galleries and museums for Juan Gris Juan Gris, L'Esprit nouveau: revue internationale d'esthétique, 1920.
Late 1913 or early 1914 they lived together at the Bateau-Lavoir until 1922.
Major Gris exhibitions took place at the Galerie Simon in Paris and the Galerie Flechtheim in Berlin in 1923 and at the Galerie Flechtheim in Düsseldorf in 1925. ==Death== After October 1925, Gris was frequently ill with bouts of uremia and cardiac problems.
He delivered his definitive lecture, Des possibilités de la peinture, at the Sorbonne in 1924.
Major Gris exhibitions took place at the Galerie Simon in Paris and the Galerie Flechtheim in Berlin in 1923 and at the Galerie Flechtheim in Düsseldorf in 1925. ==Death== After October 1925, Gris was frequently ill with bouts of uremia and cardiac problems.
José Victoriano (Carmelo Carlos) González-Pérez (23 March 1887 – 11 May 1927), better known as Juan Gris (; ), was a Spanish painter born in Madrid who lived and worked in France for most of his active period.
He died of kidney failure in Boulogne-sur-Seine (Paris) on 11 May 1927, at the age of 40, leaving a wife, Josette, and a son, Georges. ==Art market== The top auction price for a Gris work is $57.1 million (£34.8 million), achieved for his 1915 painting Nature morte à la nappe à carreaux (Still Life with Checked Tablecloth).
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