He died of a natural death in November 1715 and was succeeded by his brother Abdul Aziz, but after being suspected of giving Kandahar's sovereignty back to the Persians he was killed by his nephew Mahmud Hotak. In 1722, Mahmud led an army of Afghans to the Safavid capital Isfahan and proclaimed himself King of Persia.
In 1738, Nader Shah invaded Afghanistan and destroyed the now Old Kandahar, which was held by Hussain Hotak and his Ghilji tribes.
The rugged cliffs from which the Chilzina was hewn form the natural western bastion of the Old City of Kandahar, which was destroyed in 1738 by Nadir Shah Afshar of Persia. A short distance from Chilzina, going west on the main highway, a bright blue dome appears on the right.
In 1747, Ahmad Shah Durrani, founder of the Durrani dynasty, made Kandahar the capital of the Afghan Empire. Kandahar is one of the most culturally significant cities of the Pashtuns and has been their traditional seat of power for more than 300 years.
His rule ended in June 1747 after being murdered by his Persian guards. Ahmad Shah Durrani, chief of the Durrani tribe, gained control of Kandahar and made it the capital of his new Afghan Empire in October 1747.
In October 1772, Ahmad Shah retired and died from a natural cause.
By 1776, his eldest son Timur Shah had transferred Afghanistan's main capital, due to several conflicts with various Pashtun tribes, from Kandahar to Kabul, where the Durrani legacy continued. In September 1826, Syed Ahmad Shaheed's followers arrived to Kandahar in search of volunteers to help them wage jihad against the Sikh invaders to what is now Pakistan.
By 1776, his eldest son Timur Shah had transferred Afghanistan's main capital, due to several conflicts with various Pashtun tribes, from Kandahar to Kabul, where the Durrani legacy continued. In September 1826, Syed Ahmad Shaheed's followers arrived to Kandahar in search of volunteers to help them wage jihad against the Sikh invaders to what is now Pakistan.
Sayed Din Mohammad Kandharai was appointed as their leader. British-led Indian forces from neighbouring British India invaded the city in 1839, during the First Anglo-Afghan War, but withdrew in 1842.
Sayed Din Mohammad Kandharai was appointed as their leader. British-led Indian forces from neighbouring British India invaded the city in 1839, during the First Anglo-Afghan War, but withdrew in 1842.
The British and Indian forces returned in 1878 during the Second Anglo-Afghan War.
They emerged from the city in July 1880 to confront the forces of Ayub Khan, but were defeated at the Battle of Maiwand.
They were again forced to withdraw a few years later, despite winning the Battle of Kandahar. Kandahar remained peaceful for the next 100 years, except during 1929 when loyalists of Habibullah Kalakani (Bache Saqqaw) placed the fortified city on lock-down and began torturing its population.
This lasted until October 1929 when Nadir Khan and his Afghan army came to eliminate Kalakani, known as the Tajik bandit from the village of Kalakan in northern Kabul Province. During Zahir Shah's rule, the city slowly began expanding by adding modern style streets and housing schemes.
Prior to that it was taken out when the city was struck by a cholera epidemic in the 1930s. The village of Sher Surkh is located southeast of the city, in the suburbs of the old city of Nadirabad.
A monument to Islamic martyrs stands in the center of Kandahar's main square, called Da Shahidanu Chawk, which was built in the 1940s. The Chilzina is a rock-cut chamber above the plain at the end of the rugged chain of mountains forming the western defence of Kandahar's Old City.
In the 1960s, during the rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union, Kandahar International Airport was built by the U.S.
Large dealerships are importing cars from Dubai, UAE. ==Education== Before the 1978 coup in Kabul, majority of the city's population were enrolled in schools.
In the meantime, Soviet engineers were busy building major infrastructures in other parts of the country, such as Bagram Airfield and Kabul International Airport. During the 1980s Soviet–Afghan War, Kandahar city (and the province as a whole) witnessed heavy fighting as it became a center of resistance as the mujahideen forces waged a strong guerrilla warfare against the Soviet-backed government, who tightly held on control of the city.
Nearly all of the elite class of the city fled to neighboring Pakistan during the early 1980s, and from there they began immigrating to North America, the European Union, Australia and other parts of the world. The two oldest known schools are Ahmad Shah Baba High School and Zarghona Ana High School.
In January 1982 indiscriminate shelling and bombing by the Soviets killed hundreds.
300 civilians were killed during Soviet bombings in July 1984.
It was under siege again in April 1986.
After the Soviet withdrawal and the collapse of Najibullah's government in 1992, Kandahar fell to local mujahideen commander, Gul Agha Sherzai.
However Sherzai lacked authority against other local commanders which led to lawlessness in the city and fighting in 1993. In August 1994 the Taliban movement captured Kandahar from commander Mullah Naqib almost without a fight, and turned the city to its capital.
However Sherzai lacked authority against other local commanders which led to lawlessness in the city and fighting in 1993. In August 1994 the Taliban movement captured Kandahar from commander Mullah Naqib almost without a fight, and turned the city to its capital.
Mullah Omar took it out in November 1996 and displayed it to a crowd of ulema of religious scholars to have himself declared Amir al-Mu'minin (Commander of the Faithful).
In December 1999, a hijacked Indian Airlines Flight 814 plane by Pakistani militants loyal to Harkat-ul-Mujahideen landed at Kandahar International Airport and kept the passengers hostage as part of a demand to release 3 Pakistani militants from prison in India. ===21st century=== In October 2001, as part of Operation Enduring Freedom, the United States Navy began hitting targets inside the city by precision-guided cruise missiles that were fired from the Persian Gulf.
In December 1999, a hijacked Indian Airlines Flight 814 plane by Pakistani militants loyal to Harkat-ul-Mujahideen landed at Kandahar International Airport and kept the passengers hostage as part of a demand to release 3 Pakistani militants from prison in India. ===21st century=== In October 2001, as part of Operation Enduring Freedom, the United States Navy began hitting targets inside the city by precision-guided cruise missiles that were fired from the Persian Gulf.
He was appointed by President Hamid Karzai in December 2008 after Rahmatullah Raufi's four-month rule. As of 2002, Kandahar International Airport is used by members of the United States armed forces and NATO's International Security Assistance Force (ISAF).
He was transferred in 2003 and replaced by Yousef Pashtun until Asadullah Khalid took the post in 2005.
He was transferred in 2003 and replaced by Yousef Pashtun until Asadullah Khalid took the post in 2005.
The most significant battle between NATO troops and the Taliban lasted throughout the summer of 2006, culminating in Operation Medusa.
The feasibility study was completed in 2006 but no construction work had begun. Kandahar is connected to Quetta Pakistan Via Chaman Boarder and Kabul by the Kabul-Kandahar Highway and to Herat by the Kandahar-Herat Highway.
In November 2006, the Afghan Ministry of Communications signed a $64.5 million agreement with ZTE for the establishment of a countrywide fiber optical cable network.
Close to Baba Wali's shrine is a military base established by the United States armed forces in about 2007. ==Development and modernization== Decades of war left Kandahar and the rest of the country destroyed and depopulated, but in recent years billions of dollars began pouring in for construction purposes and millions of expats have returned to Afghanistan.
He was appointed by President Hamid Karzai in December 2008 after Rahmatullah Raufi's four-month rule. As of 2002, Kandahar International Airport is used by members of the United States armed forces and NATO's International Security Assistance Force (ISAF).
In June 2008, it was reported that over 1,000 inmates had escaped from Sarposa prison.
In Spring 2010, the province and the city of Kandahar became a target of American operations following Operation Moshtarak in the neighboring Helmand Province.
and NATO commanders released details of plans for the biggest offensive of the war against the Taliban insurgency. In May 2010 Kandahar International Airport became subject of a combined rocket and ground attack by insurgents, following similar attacks on Kabul and Bagram in the preceding weeks.
In June 2010, a shura was held by Afghan President Hamid Karzai with tribal and religious leaders of the Kandahar region.
Two deputy mayors had been killed in 2010, while many tribal elders and Islamic clerics have also been assassinated in the last several years. Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) spy network is often blamed as the masterminds behind the Taliban-led insurgency.
The meeting highlighted the need for support of NATO-led forces in order to stabilize parts of the province. By 2011, Kandahar became known as the assassination city of Afghanistan after witnessing many target killings.
On 27 July 2011, the mayor of the city, Ghulam Haider Hamidi, was assassinated by another Taliban militant who had hidden explosives in his turban.
On 6 June 2012, at least 21 civilians were killed and 50 others injured when two Taliban suicide bombers on motorcycles blew themselves up in a market area near Kandahar International Airport. On 4 May 2020, a policewoman was assassinated in the center of Kandahar, making her the fifth policewoman to be killed during the previous two months in Kandahar.
On 6 June 2012, at least 21 civilians were killed and 50 others injured when two Taliban suicide bombers on motorcycles blew themselves up in a market area near Kandahar International Airport. On 4 May 2020, a policewoman was assassinated in the center of Kandahar, making her the fifth policewoman to be killed during the previous two months in Kandahar.
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