After establishing themselves in Vienna, the Poppers made a rapid social climb in Viennese society as Popper's father became a partner in the law firm of Vienna's liberal mayor Raimund Grübl and after Grübl's death in 1898 took over the business.
Sir Karl Raimund Popper (28 July 1902 – 17 September 1994) was an Austrian-British philosopher, academic and social commentator. One of the 20th century's most influential philosophers of science, Popper is known for his rejection of the classical inductivist views on the scientific method in favour of empirical falsification.
His political philosophy embraced ideas from major democratic political ideologies, including socialism/social democracy, libertarianism/classical liberalism and conservatism, and attempted to reconcile them. ==Life and career== ===Family and training=== Karl Popper was born in Vienna (then in Austria-Hungary) in 1902 to upper-middle-class parents.
In 1919, Popper became attracted by Marxism and subsequently joined the Association of Socialist School Students.
After the street battle in the Hörlgasse on 15 June 1919, when police shot eight of his unarmed party comrades, he became disillusioned by what he saw as the philosopher Karl Marx's "pseudo-scientific" [materialism], abandoned the ideology, and remained a supporter of social liberalism throughout his life. He worked in street construction for a short amount of time but was unable to cope with the heavy labour.
He had at one point joined a socialist association, and for a few months in 1919 considered himself a communist.
Popper thought that Einstein's theory, as a theory properly grounded in scientific thought and method, was highly "risky", in the sense that it was possible to deduce consequences from it which differed considerably from those of the then-dominant Newtonian physics; one such prediction, that gravity could deflect light, was verified by Eddington's experiments in 1919.
He then took the view that when it came to sacrificing human lives, one was to think and act with extreme prudence. The failure of democratic parties to prevent fascism from taking over Austrian politics in the 1920s and 1930s traumatised Popper.
In 1922, he did his matura by way of a second chance education and finally joined the University as an ordinary student.
He completed his examination as an elementary teacher in 1924 and started working at an after-school care club for socially endangered children.
In 1925, he went to the newly founded Pädagogisches Institut and continued studying philosophy and psychology.
Around that time he started courting Josefine Anna Henninger, who later became his wife. In 1928, Popper earned a doctorate in psychology, under the supervision of Karl Bühler—with Moritz Schlick being the second chair of the thesis committee.
In 1929, he obtained an authorisation to teach mathematics and physics in secondary school, and began doing so.
He married his colleague Josefine Anna Henninger (1906–1985) in 1930.
He then took the view that when it came to sacrificing human lives, one was to think and act with extreme prudence. The failure of democratic parties to prevent fascism from taking over Austrian politics in the 1920s and 1930s traumatised Popper.
In the end, he did not publish the two-volume work; but instead, a condensed version with some new material, as Logik der Forschung (The Logic of Scientific Discovery) in 1934.
In 1935 and 1936, he took unpaid leave to go to the United Kingdom for a study visit. ===Academic life=== In 1937, Popper finally managed to get a position that allowed him to emigrate to New Zealand, where he became lecturer in philosophy at Canterbury University College of the University of New Zealand in Christchurch.
In 1935 and 1936, he took unpaid leave to go to the United Kingdom for a study visit. ===Academic life=== In 1937, Popper finally managed to get a position that allowed him to emigrate to New Zealand, where he became lecturer in philosophy at Canterbury University College of the University of New Zealand in Christchurch.
In 1935 and 1936, he took unpaid leave to go to the United Kingdom for a study visit. ===Academic life=== In 1937, Popper finally managed to get a position that allowed him to emigrate to New Zealand, where he became lecturer in philosophy at Canterbury University College of the University of New Zealand in Christchurch.
He suffered from the direct consequences of this failure since events after the Anschluss (the annexation of Austria by the German Reich in 1938) forced him into permanent exile.
In 1946, after the Second World War, he moved to the United Kingdom to become a reader in logic and scientific method at the London School of Economics.
Three years later, in 1949, he was appointed professor of logic and scientific method at the London School of Economics, a constituent School of the University of London.
Popper was president of the Aristotelian Society from 1958 to 1959.
Popper was president of the Aristotelian Society from 1958 to 1959.
He was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II in 1965, and was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1976.
He retired from academic life in 1969, though he remained intellectually active for the rest of his life.
He was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II in 1965, and was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1976.
He was invested with the Insignia of a Companion of Honour in 1982. Other awards and recognition for Popper included the City of Vienna Prize for the Humanities (1965), Karl Renner Prize (1978), Austrian Decoration for Science and Art (1980), Dr.
In 1985, he returned to Austria so that his wife could have her relatives around her during the last months of her life; she died in November that year.
After the Ludwig Boltzmann Gesellschaft failed to establish him as the director of a newly founded branch researching the philosophy of science, he went back again to the United Kingdom in 1986, settling in Kenley, Surrey. ===Death=== Popper died of "complications of cancer, pneumonia and kidney failure" in Kenley at the age of 92 on 17 September 1994.
Austria awarded him the Grand Decoration of Honour in Gold for Services to the Republic of Austria in 1986, and the Federal Republic of Germany its Grand Cross with Star and Sash of the Order of Merit, and the peace class of the Order Pour le Mérite.
In 1989, he was the first awarded the Prize International Catalonia for "his work to develop cultural, scientific and human values all around the world".
In 1992, he was awarded the Kyoto Prize in Arts and Philosophy for "symbolising the open spirit of the 20th century" and for his "enormous influence on the formation of the modern intellectual climate". ==Philosophy== ===Background to Popper's ideas=== Popper's rejection of Marxism during his teenage years left a profound mark on his thought.
Sir Karl Raimund Popper (28 July 1902 – 17 September 1994) was an Austrian-British philosopher, academic and social commentator. One of the 20th century's most influential philosophers of science, Popper is known for his rejection of the classical inductivist views on the scientific method in favour of empirical falsification.
After the Ludwig Boltzmann Gesellschaft failed to establish him as the director of a newly founded branch researching the philosophy of science, he went back again to the United Kingdom in 1986, settling in Kenley, Surrey. ===Death=== Popper died of "complications of cancer, pneumonia and kidney failure" in Kenley at the age of 92 on 17 September 1994.
In October 2008 Klagenfurt University acquired the copyrights from the estate. Popper and his wife had chosen not to have children because of the circumstances of war in the early years of their marriage.
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