At that time, many leading sprint riders were from the Eastern bloc countries and competed in separate "amateur" events. Katsuaki Matsumoto (born 1928) is the all-time professional keirin athlete with the most wins - 1341 - over his career (he retired in 1981 at the age of 53). ===Typical race=== Keirin races in Japan begin with the cyclists parading to the starting blocks, bowing as they enter the track and again as they position their bikes for the start of the race.
It was developed in Japan around 1948 for gambling purposes and became an official event at the 2000 Olympics in Sydney, Australia. Riders use brakeless fixed-gear bicycles. Races are typically long: 6 laps on a track, 4 laps on a track, or 4 laps on a track.
Four members of the governing body were later arrested in Tokyo. ==Keirin in Japan (Japanese Keirin)== began as one of four allowed betting sports in Japan in 1948, and has since become very popular there.
Women were previously permitted to participate from 1949 until 1964.
In 1957, the Nihon Jitensha Shinkōkai (NJS; also known in English as the Japanese Keirin Association) was founded to establish a uniform system of standards for the sport in Japan.
Women were previously permitted to participate from 1949 until 1964.
Some eliminated cyclists can try again in the repechages. ==World championships== Keirin, in its modified form, has been a UCI men's World Championship event since 1980 and a UCI women's World Championship event since 2002.
At that time, many leading sprint riders were from the Eastern bloc countries and competed in separate "amateur" events. Katsuaki Matsumoto (born 1928) is the all-time professional keirin athlete with the most wins - 1341 - over his career (he retired in 1981 at the age of 53). ===Typical race=== Keirin races in Japan begin with the cyclists parading to the starting blocks, bowing as they enter the track and again as they position their bikes for the start of the race.
The 2019 men's and women's world champions are Matthijs Büchli of Netherlands and Lee Wai Sze of Hong Kong. ==Olympics== Keirin made its debut at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney as a men's event, after being admitted into the Olympics in December 1996.
It was developed in Japan around 1948 for gambling purposes and became an official event at the 2000 Olympics in Sydney, Australia. Riders use brakeless fixed-gear bicycles. Races are typically long: 6 laps on a track, 4 laps on a track, or 4 laps on a track.
The 2019 men's and women's world champions are Matthijs Büchli of Netherlands and Lee Wai Sze of Hong Kong. ==Olympics== Keirin made its debut at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney as a men's event, after being admitted into the Olympics in December 1996.
Some eliminated cyclists can try again in the repechages. ==World championships== Keirin, in its modified form, has been a UCI men's World Championship event since 1980 and a UCI women's World Championship event since 2002.
Introduced in 2007, the SS ranking is assigned by the NJS every December to the top nine Keirin athletes.
The women's event was added for the 2012 Summer Olympics in London. A BBC News investigation, reported in July 2008, found evidence that following admission into the Olympics, the Union Cycliste Internationale required (in writing) the Japan Keirin Association to support UCI projects in "material terms"; over a period of time the association subsequently gave US$3 million to UCI in consideration of "the excellent relationship the UCI has with representatives of the Olympic movement".
A race at Shizuoka velodrome on January 2, 2008 was declared a failure when the back wheel of the pacer's bicycle nicked the bicycle of an actual competitor, causing him to fall.
In a race at Iwaki-Taira Velodrome on December 14, 2008, separate infractions resulted in the disqualification of the entire field; all but one of the competitors were handed a one-year suspension by the velodrome after the race.
In 2011, the sum of bets placed on keirin races exceeded ¥600 billion (approximately US$5 billion), and the number of attendees in the races was approximately 4.9 million people. Aspiring professional keirin riders in Japan compete for entrance into the Japan Keirin School.
The women's event was added for the 2012 Summer Olympics in London. A BBC News investigation, reported in July 2008, found evidence that following admission into the Olympics, the Union Cycliste Internationale required (in writing) the Japan Keirin Association to support UCI projects in "material terms"; over a period of time the association subsequently gave US$3 million to UCI in consideration of "the excellent relationship the UCI has with representatives of the Olympic movement".
Those who pass the graduation exams, and are approved by the NJS become eligible for professional keirin races in Japan. Japanese races for women were reintroduced in July 2012, under the title of Girl's Keirin (ガールズケイリン).
A new addition to the meet in 2012 was the Girls' Grand Prix for the sport's top female competitors. Another prestigious event on the annual keirin racing calendar is the GI Japan Championship.
The suspensions were lifted four months later. ==See also== Motor-paced racing Single-speed bicycle UCI Track Cycling World Championships – Men's keirin UCI Track Cycling World Championships – Women's keirin ==References== ==External links== The Keirin Keirin's official website in Japan Keirin News Keirin Bike Keirin 2014 Keirin festival in London and Manchester Cycle racing in Japan Events in track cycling Individual sports Sports originating in Japan
The 2019 men's and women's world champions are Matthijs Büchli of Netherlands and Lee Wai Sze of Hong Kong. ==Olympics== Keirin made its debut at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney as a men's event, after being admitted into the Olympics in December 1996.
On average there is one GI or GII event every month and one GIII meeting per week on the annual calendar. ===Top Keirin events=== As of 2019, the top events on the Keirin racing calendar are as follows: ===Race schedule=== Keirin velodromes follow the same basic schedule of races when conducting a race meeting.
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