In 2015, credible allegations were made that the KDF is involved with sugar smuggling from southern Somalia into Kenya, to avoid import dues. The KDF is regularly deployed in peacekeeping missions in Africa and further afield for example peace keeping missions in Somalia since 2011. ==History== ===1896 to 1900=== The Manoj between 1896 and 1900 saw the East African Rifles deployed in a number of campaigns in line with British colonial policies.
In 2015, credible allegations were made that the KDF is involved with sugar smuggling from southern Somalia into Kenya, to avoid import dues. The KDF is regularly deployed in peacekeeping missions in Africa and further afield for example peace keeping missions in Somalia since 2011. ==History== ===1896 to 1900=== The Manoj between 1896 and 1900 saw the East African Rifles deployed in a number of campaigns in line with British colonial policies.
Another one in 1900 commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Hatch, Commandant of the East African Rifles, followed this.
Two medals were issued after these expeditions namely "1898" and "Jubaland 1900". The East African Rifles also sent troops to help Uganda Rifles suppress a mutiny by Sudanese troops in Uganda.
This battalion later became 5 KAR. In 1901 the British government decided to organize all the existing troops in Central Africa, East Africa, Uganda and British Somaliland under one command.
After the troops based in different parts of British East and Central Africa territories were placed under a central command, the regiment born thereof was officially designated "King's African Rifles" on 1 January 1902.
However, those over fifty could also enrol in a fourth class." After questions were raised about control of weapons and potential settler threats to the Kenya Government in 1936, the Force was disbanded and replaced by the Kenya Regiment, formed 1 June 1937. ===1902–1963=== On 1 April 1902, 3 KAR moved its headquarters from Mombasa to Nairobi, and together with 4 KAR and 5 KAR, was used by the British colonial government in expeditions against those who resisted British rule.
In 1904 5 KAR, which was mainly made up of Indian troops, was disbanded chiefly because of maintenance costs and also because the British felt they had contained the resistance to their rule.
It was not until 1906 that they were subdued.
In 1907 the idea of a white settler defence force was discussed.
It was however reconstituted in 1916 during World War I and stationed in Meru. Later in 1926, 5 KAR was again disbanded and their colours were handed over to 3 KAR for safe custody.
It was however reconstituted in 1916 during World War I and stationed in Meru. Later in 1926, 5 KAR was again disbanded and their colours were handed over to 3 KAR for safe custody.
The Kenya Defence Force was eventually established under the Defence Force Ordinance 1928.
On 1 March 1930 the unit was once again reconstituted, presented with their colours and stationed in Nairobi.
However, those over fifty could also enrol in a fourth class." After questions were raised about control of weapons and potential settler threats to the Kenya Government in 1936, the Force was disbanded and replaced by the Kenya Regiment, formed 1 June 1937. ===1902–1963=== On 1 April 1902, 3 KAR moved its headquarters from Mombasa to Nairobi, and together with 4 KAR and 5 KAR, was used by the British colonial government in expeditions against those who resisted British rule.
However, those over fifty could also enrol in a fourth class." After questions were raised about control of weapons and potential settler threats to the Kenya Government in 1936, the Force was disbanded and replaced by the Kenya Regiment, formed 1 June 1937. ===1902–1963=== On 1 April 1902, 3 KAR moved its headquarters from Mombasa to Nairobi, and together with 4 KAR and 5 KAR, was used by the British colonial government in expeditions against those who resisted British rule.
Army training deployments have continued up until 2015, as of 2015 supervised by British Army Training Unit Kenya. Timothy Parsons wrote in 2002–03: '..Kenyatta did not have to worry about the political reliability of the Kenyan Army because expatriate senior British military advisors ran it along KAR lines throughout the 1960s.
On the dawn of independence the Kenya National Assembly passed a bill (Kenya Bills 1963) to amend the status of the military forces in Kenya . Accordingly, the former units of the King's African Rifles were transformed to the Kenyan Military Forces and the Independent Kenyan Government was legally empowered to assign names to the units as deemed necessary with effect from midnight, 12 December 1963.
Hornsby writes that after the mutiny, '[Kenyatta] improved conditions, announced pay rises to the military, speeded Africanisation, and instructed the intelligence services to infiltrate and watch the army for signs of disaffection.' (Hornsby, quote, 98.) Discussions began in March 1964 between Kenya and Secretary of State for Commonwealth Relations Duncan Sandys on defence, and a formal agreement was signed on 3 June 1964.
All British troops would leave by 12 December 1964, the British would assist the army, resource and train a new Kenya Air Force, and create a new Kenya Navy.
Other bases include Forward Operating Base (FOB) Mombasa (Moi International Airport), FOB Mandera, FOB Wajir & FOB Nyeri (mainly helicopters/small planes). ==Navy== The Kenya Navy is the naval branch of the Kenyan defence forces. The Navy was established on 12 December 1964, exactly one year after Kenya gained independence.
Government Printing Office, 1976. Timothy Parsons, 'The 1964 Army Mutinies and the Making of Modern East Africa,' Greenwood Publishing Group, 2003, . David A.
In return, British aircraft would be able to transit through Kenya, RN ships of the Far East Fleet and other units could visit Mombasa, communications facilities could be used until 1966, and troops could exercise in Kenya twice a year.
Hardy leaving the post of Commander Kenya Army and handing over to Brigadier Joseph Ndolo on 1 December 1966, British influence was underlined with the appointment of Major General Bernard Penfold as Chief of the General Staff, a new position as senior officer of the entire armed forces.
Ndolo succeeded Penfold as Chief of General Staff in 1969, but was retired on 24 June 1971 after being implicated in a coup plot allegedly organised by Joseph Owino.
Ndolo succeeded Penfold as Chief of General Staff in 1969, but was retired on 24 June 1971 after being implicated in a coup plot allegedly organised by Joseph Owino.
Government Printing Office, 1976. Timothy Parsons, 'The 1964 Army Mutinies and the Making of Modern East Africa,' Greenwood Publishing Group, 2003, . David A.
Percox, Britain, Kenya and the cold war: imperial defence, colonial security and decolonisation, Volume 13 of International library of African studies, Tauris Academic Studies, I.B.Tauris, 2004, , ==External links== Kenya Ministry of Defence Kenya Security Information – Institute for Security Studies retrieved on 28 May 2007 BBC News report: Kenya police probes army, dated 31 January 2003 https://wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/1976NAIROB08089_b.html - DOD 1976 Government agencies of Kenya
The post of Chief of the General Staff was only filled again seven years later when Daniel arap Moi moved Lieutenant General Jackson Mulinge from Army Commander to CGS in November 1978.
Mahamoud Mohamed succeeded Mulinge in 1986, and was CGS until 1996.
The Air Force regained its independent status in 1994. The main airbase operating fighters is Laikipia Air Base in Nanyuki, while Moi Air Base in Eastleigh, Nairobi is the headquarters.
It was preceded by the colonial Royal East African Navy (REAN). The Navy operates several bases, Mtongwe base in Mombasa, Shimoni, Msambweni, Malindi, Kilifi and since 1995 another base located in Manda (part of Lamu Archipelago). ==See also== Kenya Police Kenya Coast Guard Service Law enforcement in Kenya ==Notes== ==References== Charles Hornsby, (2012).
Mahamoud Mohamed succeeded Mulinge in 1986, and was CGS until 1996.
Mohamed was succeeded by General Daudi Tonje, CGS 1996–2000.
In 2000, women were integrated into the regular units of the military, and the Women's Service Corps disbanded. In the early 21st century, the Ministry of State for Defence, just like that of Internal Security and Provincial Administration, is part of the presidential machinery.
. ==Further reading== Boubacar N'Diaye, The Challenge of Institutionalizing Civilian Control: Botswana, Ivory Coast, and Kenya in Comparative Perspective, Lexington Books, January 2001 Donovan C.
Army training deployments have continued up until 2015, as of 2015 supervised by British Army Training Unit Kenya. Timothy Parsons wrote in 2002–03: '..Kenyatta did not have to worry about the political reliability of the Kenyan Army because expatriate senior British military advisors ran it along KAR lines throughout the 1960s.
Government Printing Office, 1976. Timothy Parsons, 'The 1964 Army Mutinies and the Making of Modern East Africa,' Greenwood Publishing Group, 2003, . David A.
Percox, Britain, Kenya and the cold war: imperial defence, colonial security and decolonisation, Volume 13 of International library of African studies, Tauris Academic Studies, I.B.Tauris, 2004, , ==External links== Kenya Ministry of Defence Kenya Security Information – Institute for Security Studies retrieved on 28 May 2007 BBC News report: Kenya police probes army, dated 31 January 2003 https://wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/1976NAIROB08089_b.html - DOD 1976 Government agencies of Kenya
In early June 2012, Kenyan forces were formally integrated into AMISOM. As of August 2012 Major General Maurice Oyugi was the army vice commander. == Kenya Army == As of 2004, the Kenya Army had five brigades: two infantry, one with three battalions and one with two battalions; armoured brigade with three battalions; one independent infantry, with two battalions; and one engineer brigade, with two battalions.
Percox, Britain, Kenya and the cold war: imperial defence, colonial security and decolonisation, Volume 13 of International library of African studies, Tauris Academic Studies, I.B.Tauris, 2004, , ==External links== Kenya Ministry of Defence Kenya Security Information – Institute for Security Studies retrieved on 28 May 2007 BBC News report: Kenya police probes army, dated 31 January 2003 https://wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/1976NAIROB08089_b.html - DOD 1976 Government agencies of Kenya
Percox, Britain, Kenya and the cold war: imperial defence, colonial security and decolonisation, Volume 13 of International library of African studies, Tauris Academic Studies, I.B.Tauris, 2004, , ==External links== Kenya Ministry of Defence Kenya Security Information – Institute for Security Studies retrieved on 28 May 2007 BBC News report: Kenya police probes army, dated 31 January 2003 https://wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/1976NAIROB08089_b.html - DOD 1976 Government agencies of Kenya
The unit was deployed for counter insurgency operations in the Mt Elgon area in 2008 amid accusations of torture and illegal detention. Kenya Army Armour (includes one armoured reconnaissance battalion (76th), 78 Tank Battalion, Isiolo) Kenya Army Artillery (includes 77 Artillery Battalion, 88 Artillery Battalion.
The ship they were being carried in, MV Faina was released and the tanks unloaded in the port city of Mombasa in February 2009.
The current KDF was established, and its composition stipulated, in Article 241 of the 2010 Constitution of Kenya; it is governed by the KDF Act of 2012.
In what are by Kenyan standards unprecedented revelations, in 2010, credible claims of corruption were made with regard to recruitment, and procurement of Armoured Personnel Carriers.
Instead, popular opinion is that they were being clandestinely imported for the South Sudanese army, which has an arms embargo against it. The Kenyan military has dispelled speculation by publicly showing these tanks (and other hardware) as part of its arsenal on 22 August 2010, during rehearsals for the passing of the new Constitution of Kenya.
Chau, Global Security Watch: Kenya, Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger, 2010. Irving Kaplan, Area Handbook for Kenya, American University (Washington, D.C.).
In 2015, credible allegations were made that the KDF is involved with sugar smuggling from southern Somalia into Kenya, to avoid import dues. The KDF is regularly deployed in peacekeeping missions in Africa and further afield for example peace keeping missions in Somalia since 2011. ==History== ===1896 to 1900=== The Manoj between 1896 and 1900 saw the East African Rifles deployed in a number of campaigns in line with British colonial policies.
The KDF (the Kenyan Navy) controls the Kismayo port area, when the charcoal trade goes on, in defiance of UN sanctions. In October 2011, following a weekend preparatory meeting between Kenyan and Somali military officials in the town of Dhobley, Kenya Army units crossed the border to begin Operation Linda Nchi against the Al-Shabaab insurgents in southern Somalia.
The first class taught by all Kenya Army Ranger Instructors graduated on 18 March 2011.
The current KDF was established, and its composition stipulated, in Article 241 of the 2010 Constitution of Kenya; it is governed by the KDF Act of 2012.
In early June 2012, Kenyan forces were formally integrated into AMISOM. As of August 2012 Major General Maurice Oyugi was the army vice commander. == Kenya Army == As of 2004, the Kenya Army had five brigades: two infantry, one with three battalions and one with two battalions; armoured brigade with three battalions; one independent infantry, with two battalions; and one engineer brigade, with two battalions.
In 2015, credible allegations were made that the KDF is involved with sugar smuggling from southern Somalia into Kenya, to avoid import dues. The KDF is regularly deployed in peacekeeping missions in Africa and further afield for example peace keeping missions in Somalia since 2011. ==History== ===1896 to 1900=== The Manoj between 1896 and 1900 saw the East African Rifles deployed in a number of campaigns in line with British colonial policies.
Army training deployments have continued up until 2015, as of 2015 supervised by British Army Training Unit Kenya. Timothy Parsons wrote in 2002–03: '..Kenyatta did not have to worry about the political reliability of the Kenyan Army because expatriate senior British military advisors ran it along KAR lines throughout the 1960s.
In 2015, credible allegations were made that the KDF is involved with sugar smuggling from southern Somalia into Kenya, to avoid import dues.
All text is taken from Wikipedia. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License .
Page generated on 2021-08-05