Khartoum

1821

From there, the Nile continues to flow north towards Egypt and the Mediterranean Sea. Divided by these two parts of the Nile, Khartoum is a tripartite metropolis with an estimated overall population of over five million people, consisting of Khartoum proper, and linked by bridges to Khartoum North (الخرطوم بحري ) and Omdurman (أم درمان ) to the west. Khartoum was founded in 1821 as part of Ottoman Egypt, north of the ancient city of Soba.

Other Beja scholars suggest Khartoum is derived from the Beja word hartoom, "meeting". ==History== ===Founding (1821–1899)=== In 1821, Khartoum was established north of the ancient city of Soba, by Ismail Pasha, the third son of Egypt's ruler, Muhammad Ali Pasha, who had just incorporated Sudan into his realm.

Matthew's Cathedral, Khartoum List of high schools in Sudan ==References== ==Bibliography== ==External links== Kidnapped, tortured and thrown in jail: my 70 days in Sudan The Guardian, 2017 Capitals in Africa Populated places on the Nile Populated places in Khartoum (state) Populated places established in 1821 State capitals in Sudan 1821 establishments in Sudan Cities in Sudan

1863

Grant, who reached Khartoum in 1863 with Captain Speke's expedition, thought the name was most probably from the Arabic (قرطم, "safflower", i.e., Carthamus tinctorius), which was cultivated extensively in Egypt for its oil to be used as fuel.

1884

The British attempted to evacuate Anglo-Egyptian garrisons from Sudan but the Siege of Khartoum in 1884 resulted in the capture of the city by Mahdist forces and a massacre of the defending Anglo-Egyptian garrison.

Later, it became the administrative center and official capital of Sudan. On 13 March 1884, troops loyal to the Mahdi Muhammad Ahmad started a siege of Khartoum, against defenders led by British General Charles George Gordon.

1898

In 1898 Khartoum was reoccupied by British forces; it served as the seat of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan government until 1956. That year the city was designated as the capital of an independent Sudan.

1956

In 1898 Khartoum was reoccupied by British forces; it served as the seat of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan government until 1956. That year the city was designated as the capital of an independent Sudan.

1970

A 1973 United States Department of State document, declassified in 2006, concluded: "The Khartoum operation was planned and carried out with the full knowledge and personal approval of Yasser Arafat." In 1977, the first oil pipeline between Khartoum and the Port of Sudan was completed. Throughout the 1970s and 1980s, Khartoum was the destination for hundreds of thousands refugees fleeing conflicts in neighboring nations such as Chad, Eritrea, Ethiopia, and Uganda.

1971

Founded in 1971, it contains works from different epochs of Sudanese history.

1973

For instance, three hostages were killed during the Attack on the Saudi Embassy in Khartoum in 1973.

A 1973 United States Department of State document, declassified in 2006, concluded: "The Khartoum operation was planned and carried out with the full knowledge and personal approval of Yasser Arafat." In 1977, the first oil pipeline between Khartoum and the Port of Sudan was completed. Throughout the 1970s and 1980s, Khartoum was the destination for hundreds of thousands refugees fleeing conflicts in neighboring nations such as Chad, Eritrea, Ethiopia, and Uganda.

1977

A 1973 United States Department of State document, declassified in 2006, concluded: "The Khartoum operation was planned and carried out with the full knowledge and personal approval of Yasser Arafat." In 1977, the first oil pipeline between Khartoum and the Port of Sudan was completed. Throughout the 1970s and 1980s, Khartoum was the destination for hundreds of thousands refugees fleeing conflicts in neighboring nations such as Chad, Eritrea, Ethiopia, and Uganda.

1980

A 1973 United States Department of State document, declassified in 2006, concluded: "The Khartoum operation was planned and carried out with the full knowledge and personal approval of Yasser Arafat." In 1977, the first oil pipeline between Khartoum and the Port of Sudan was completed. Throughout the 1970s and 1980s, Khartoum was the destination for hundreds of thousands refugees fleeing conflicts in neighboring nations such as Chad, Eritrea, Ethiopia, and Uganda.

1985

Mamoun Humaida as Academy of Medical Science & Technology || Private universities || |- |Omdurman Al-ahlia University || Private university founded in 1985|| |} ==Transportation== ===Air=== Khartoum is home to the largest airport in Sudan, Khartoum International Airport.

1991

Since the mid-1980s, large numbers of refugees from South Sudan and Darfur fleeing the violence of the Second Sudanese Civil War and Darfur conflict have settled around Khartoum. In 1991, Osama bin Laden purchased a house in the affluent al-Riyadh neighborhood of the city and another in Soba.

The factory ruins are now a tourist attraction. In November 1991, the government of President Omar al-Bashir sought to remove half the population from the city.

1996

He lived there until 1996, when he was banished from the country.

|| Private universities || http://www.futureu.edu.sd |- | National College for Medical & Technical Studies || Private university || https://web.archive.org/web/20131203001023/http://www.nc.edu.sd/ |- | National Ribat University || Private university || https://web.archive.org/web/20160411212315/http://ribat.edu.sd/ |- | University of Medical Sciences and Technology (UMST) founded in 1996 by Prof.

1998

Following the 1998 U.S.

2005

The intentional displacement was part of a large urban renewal plan backed by the housing minister, Sharaf Bannaga. The sudden death of SPLA head and vice-president of Sudan, John Garang, at the end of July 2005, was followed by three days of violent riots in the capital.

2006

A 1973 United States Department of State document, declassified in 2006, concluded: "The Khartoum operation was planned and carried out with the full knowledge and personal approval of Yasser Arafat." In 1977, the first oil pipeline between Khartoum and the Port of Sudan was completed. Throughout the 1970s and 1980s, Khartoum was the destination for hundreds of thousands refugees fleeing conflicts in neighboring nations such as Chad, Eritrea, Ethiopia, and Uganda.

2007

In 2007, the biggest projects in Khartoum were the Al-Mogran Development Project, two five-star hotels, a new airport, El Mek Nimr Bridge (finished in October 2007) and the Tuti Bridge that links Khartoum to Tuti Island. In the 21st century, Khartoum developed based on Sudan's oil wealth (although the independence of South Sudan in 2011 affected the economy of Sudan negatively).

2008

In the 21st century, the Justice and Equality Movement engaged in combat here in 2008 with Sudanese government forces as part of the War in Darfur.

2011

In 2007, the biggest projects in Khartoum were the Al-Mogran Development Project, two five-star hotels, a new airport, El Mek Nimr Bridge (finished in October 2007) and the Tuti Bridge that links Khartoum to Tuti Island. In the 21st century, Khartoum developed based on Sudan's oil wealth (although the independence of South Sudan in 2011 affected the economy of Sudan negatively).

The Afra Mall has a supermarket, retail outlets, coffee shops, a bowling alley, movie theaters, and a children's playground. In 2011, Sudan opened the Hotel Section and part of the food court of the new, Corinthia Hotel Tower.

2012

Their soldiers included minors, and their goal was to topple Omar al-Bashir's government, though the Sudanese government succeeded in beating back the assault. On 23 October 2012, an explosion at the Yarmouk munitions factory killed two people and injured another person.

2017

Matthew's Cathedral, Khartoum List of high schools in Sudan ==References== ==Bibliography== ==External links== Kidnapped, tortured and thrown in jail: my 70 days in Sudan The Guardian, 2017 Capitals in Africa Populated places on the Nile Populated places in Khartoum (state) Populated places established in 1821 State capitals in Sudan 1821 establishments in Sudan Cities in Sudan

2019

The Khartoum massacre occurred in 2019 during the Sudanese Revolution. Khartoum is an economic and trade centre in Northern Africa, with rail lines from Port Sudan and El-Obeid.

The Sudanese government has claimed that the explosion was the result of an Israeli airstrike. On 3 June 2019, Khartoum was the site of the Khartoum massacre, where over 100 dissidents were murdered (the government said 61 were killed), hundreds more injured and 70 women raped by Rapid Support Forces (RSF) in order to forcefully disperse the peaceful protests calling for civilian government. On 1 July 2020, activists demanded that al-Zibar Basha street in Khartoum be renamed.

Al-Zubayr Rahma Mansur was a slave trader and the al-Zibar Basha street leads to the military base where the 2019 Khartoum massacre took place. == Geography == === Location === Khartoum is located in the middle of the populated areas in Sudan, at almost the northeast center of the country between 15 and 16 degrees latitude north, and between 31 and 32 degrees longitude east.

This is something not seen in other major cities with hot desert climates, such as Riyadh, Baghdad and Phoenix. ==Demographics== Almost 250,000 Syrians lived in Khartoum as of 2019, representing 5% of the total population of the city.

2020

The Sudanese government has claimed that the explosion was the result of an Israeli airstrike. On 3 June 2019, Khartoum was the site of the Khartoum massacre, where over 100 dissidents were murdered (the government said 61 were killed), hundreds more injured and 70 women raped by Rapid Support Forces (RSF) in order to forcefully disperse the peaceful protests calling for civilian government. On 1 July 2020, activists demanded that al-Zibar Basha street in Khartoum be renamed.




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