This numbers 25% of the North Korean population. ==History== === Korean People's Revolutionary Army 1932–1948 === Kim Il-sung's anti-Japanese guerrilla army, the Korean People's Revolutionary Army, was established on 25 April 1932.
Both these are celebrated as army days, with decennial anniversaries treated as major celebrations, except from 1978 to 2014 when only the 1932 anniversary was celebrated. === Korean Volunteer Army 1939–1948 === In 1939, the Korean Volunteer Army (KVA), was formed in Yan'an, China.
But in 1978, changed to 25 April 1932, Kim Il-sung's anti-Japanese guerrilla army – Korean People's Revolutionary Army, considered the predecessor of the Korean People's Army, was formed on 25 April 1932.
Both these are celebrated as army days, with decennial anniversaries treated as major celebrations, except from 1978 to 2014 when only the 1932 anniversary was celebrated. === Korean Volunteer Army 1939–1948 === In 1939, the Korean Volunteer Army (KVA), was formed in Yan'an, China.
==Further reading== ==External links== North Korea Military-Political Background KPA Equipment Holdings CIA World Factbook KPA Journal Military units and formations established in the 1940s Workers' Party of Korea History of the Workers' Party of Korea Military wings of political parties উত্তর কোরিয়ার সামরিক বাহিনী
By 1945, the KVA had grown to approximately 1,000 men, mostly Korean deserters from the Imperial Japanese Army.
Two thousand Koreans with previous experience in the Soviet army were sent to various locations around the country to organise constabulary forces with permission from Soviet military headquarters, and the force was created on 21 October 1945. === Formation of National Army === The headquarters felt a need for a separate unit for security around railways, and the formation of the unit was announced on 11 January 1946.
Two thousand Koreans with previous experience in the Soviet army were sent to various locations around the country to organise constabulary forces with permission from Soviet military headquarters, and the force was created on 21 October 1945. === Formation of National Army === The headquarters felt a need for a separate unit for security around railways, and the formation of the unit was announced on 11 January 1946.
This revolutionary army was transformed into the regular army on 8 February 1948.
The previously semi-official units became military regulars with the distribution of Soviet uniforms, badges, and weapons that followed the inception of the headquarters. The State Security Department, a forerunner to the Ministry of People's Defense, was created as part of the Interim People's Committee on 4 February 1948.
The formal creation of the Korean People's Army was announced four days later on 8 February, the day after the Fourth Plenary Session of the People's Assembly approved the plan to separate the roles of the military and those of the police, seven months before the government of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea was proclaimed on 9 September 1948.
Along with the mechanisation of some infantry units, more emphasis was put on light weapons, high-angle indirect fire, night fighting, and sea denial. == Date of establishment history == Until 1977, original Korean People's Army's official date of establishment was 8 February 1948.
The date of establishment was officially changed back to 8 February 1948 by 2019, however. ==Organization== ===Commission and leadership=== The primary path for command and control of the KPA extends through the National Defence Commission which was led by its chairman Kim Jong-il until 2011, to the Ministry of Defence and its General Staff Department.
During the opening phases of the Korean War in 1950, the KPA quickly drove South Korean forces south and captured Seoul, only to lose 70,000 of their 100,000-strong army in the autumn after U.S.
The KPA consists of five branches: the Ground Force, the Naval Force, the Air and Anti-Air Force, the Strategic Rocket Forces, and the Special Operation Force. The KPA considers its primary adversaries to be the Republic of Korea Armed Forces and United States Forces Korea, across the Korean Demilitarized Zone, as it has since the Armistice Agreement of July 1953.
By the time of the Armistice in 1953, the KPA had sustained 290,000 casualties and lost 90,000 men as POWs. In 1953, the Military Armistice Commission (MAC) was able to oversee and enforce the terms of the armistice.
The Neutral Nations Supervisory Commission (NNSC), made up of delegations from Czechoslovakia, Poland, Sweden and Switzerland, carried out inspections to ensure implementation of the terms of the Armistice that prevented reinforcements or new weapons being brought into Korea. Soviet thinking on the strategic scale was replaced since December 1962 with a people's war concept.
In 1967 the KPA forces of about 345,000 were much smaller than the South Korean ground forces of about 585,000.
Formerly the State Affairs Commission, from its founding in 1972 (originally the National Defence Commission), was part of the Central People's Committee (CPC) while the Ministry of Defence, from 1982 onward, was under direct presidential control.
Along with the mechanisation of some infantry units, more emphasis was put on light weapons, high-angle indirect fire, night fighting, and sea denial. == Date of establishment history == Until 1977, original Korean People's Army's official date of establishment was 8 February 1948.
Both these are celebrated as army days, with decennial anniversaries treated as major celebrations, except from 1978 to 2014 when only the 1932 anniversary was celebrated. === Korean Volunteer Army 1939–1948 === In 1939, the Korean Volunteer Army (KVA), was formed in Yan'an, China.
But in 1978, changed to 25 April 1932, Kim Il-sung's anti-Japanese guerrilla army – Korean People's Revolutionary Army, considered the predecessor of the Korean People's Army, was formed on 25 April 1932.
In the mid-1970s and early 1980s, according to figures released by the Polish Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, between 32 and 38 percent of central government expenditures went towards defence. North Korea sells missiles and military equipment to many countries worldwide.
North Korea's relative isolation and economic plight starting from the 1980s has now tipped the balance of military power into the hands of the better-equipped South Korean military.
The Korean People's Army operates ZM-87 anti-personnel lasers, which are banned under the United Nations Protocol on Blinding Laser Weapons. Since the 1980s, North Korea has also been actively developing its own cyber warfare capabilities.
Formerly the State Affairs Commission, from its founding in 1972 (originally the National Defence Commission), was part of the Central People's Committee (CPC) while the Ministry of Defence, from 1982 onward, was under direct presidential control.
A secondary path, to ensure political control of the military establishment, extends through the Workers' Party of Korea's Central Military Commission of the Workers' Party of Korea. Since 1990, numerous and dramatic transformations within the have led to the current command and control structure.
At the Eighteenth session of the sixth Central People's Committee, held on 23 May 1990, the SAC became established as its own independent commission, rising to the same status as the CPC (now the Cabinet of North Korea) and not subordinated to it, as was the case before.
The following year, on 24 December 1991, Kim Jong-il was appointed Supreme Commander of the Korean People's Army.
The results is an egalitarian military system where officers are familiar with the life of a military private and "military nobility" is all but nonexistent. Within the KPA, between December 1991 and December 1995, nearly 800 high officers (out of approximately 1,200) received promotions and preferential assignments.
North Korea acquired 12 Foxtrot class and Golf-II class missile submarines as scrap in 1993.
What little is known indicates that many changes were the natural result of the deaths of the aging leadership including Kim Il-sung (July 1994), Minister of People's Armed Forces O Chin-u (February 1995) and Minister of Defence Choi Kwang (February 1997). The vast majority of changes were undertaken to secure the power and position of Kim Jong-il.
When the Clinton administration mobilised forces over the reactor at Yongbyon in 1994, planners concluded that retaliation by North Korea against Seoul could kill 40,000 people.
What little is known indicates that many changes were the natural result of the deaths of the aging leadership including Kim Il-sung (July 1994), Minister of People's Armed Forces O Chin-u (February 1995) and Minister of Defence Choi Kwang (February 1997). The vast majority of changes were undertaken to secure the power and position of Kim Jong-il.
The results is an egalitarian military system where officers are familiar with the life of a military private and "military nobility" is all but nonexistent. Within the KPA, between December 1991 and December 1995, nearly 800 high officers (out of approximately 1,200) received promotions and preferential assignments.
What little is known indicates that many changes were the natural result of the deaths of the aging leadership including Kim Il-sung (July 1994), Minister of People's Armed Forces O Chin-u (February 1995) and Minister of Defence Choi Kwang (February 1997). The vast majority of changes were undertaken to secure the power and position of Kim Jong-il.
In April 1997, on the 85th anniversary of Kim Il-sung's birthday, Kim Jong-il promoted 127 general and admiral grade officers.
Ri Je Son was also mentioned in this role in 2002 in a United Nations article. On 3 September 2017, the North Korean leadership announced that it had conducted a nuclear test with what it claimed to be its first hydrogen bomb detonation.
As of 2003, according to the International Institute of Strategic Studies, North Korea's defence budget consumed some 25 percent of central government spending.
Hodge, North Korea's Military Strategy, Parameters, Spring 2003, pp. 68–81 April 2007.
Two KPA anti-aircraft artillery regiments were sent to North Vietnam as well. North Korean instructors trained Hezbollah fighters in guerrilla warfare tactics around 2004, prior to the Second Lebanon War.
territory. ====Nuclear tests==== On 9 October 2006, the North Korean government announced that it had unsuccessfully attempted a nuclear test for the first time.
Hodge, North Korea's Military Strategy, Parameters, Spring 2003, pp. 68–81 April 2007.
In April 2009, the United Nations named the Korea Mining and Development Trading Corporation (KOMID) as North Korea's primary arms dealer and main exporter of equipment related to ballistic missiles and conventional weapons.
Experts at the United States Geological Survey and Japanese seismological authorities detected an earthquake with a preliminary estimated magnitude of 4.3 from the site in North Korea, proving the official claims to be true. North Korea also went on to claim that it had developed a nuclear weapon in 2009.
The North Korean Songun ("Military First") policy elevates the KPA to the primary position in the government and society. According to North Korea's state news agency, military expenditures for 2010 made up 15.8 percent of the state budget.
The Strategic Rocket Forces operate more than 1,000 ballistic missiles according to South Korean officials in 2010, although the U.S.
The date of establishment was officially changed back to 8 February 1948 by 2019, however. ==Organization== ===Commission and leadership=== The primary path for command and control of the KPA extends through the National Defence Commission which was led by its chairman Kim Jong-il until 2011, to the Ministry of Defence and its General Staff Department.
Department of Defense reported in 2012 that North Korea has fewer than 200 missile launchers.
Both these are celebrated as army days, with decennial anniversaries treated as major celebrations, except from 1978 to 2014 when only the 1932 anniversary was celebrated. === Korean Volunteer Army 1939–1948 === In 1939, the Korean Volunteer Army (KVA), was formed in Yan'an, China.
As of 2014, the secretive Bureau 121 – the elite North Korean cyber warfare unit – comprises approximately 1,800 highly trained hackers.
In December 2014, the Bureau was accused of hacking Sony and making threats, leading to the cancellation of The Interview, a political satire comedy film based on the assassination of Kim Jong-un.
Following changes made during the 4th session of the 13th Supreme People's Assembly on 29 June 2016, the State Affairs Commission has overseen the Ministry of Defence as part of its systemic responsibilities.
Front line troops are issued the Type 88, while the older Type 58 assault rifle and Type 68A/B have been shifted to rear echelon or home guard units. A rifle of unknown nomenclature was seen during the 2017 'Day of the Sun' military parade, appearing to consist of a grenade launcher and a standard assault rifle, similar to the U.S OICW or South Korean S&T Daewoo K11. North Korea generally designates rifles as "Type XX", similar to the Chinese naming system.
The regime conducted two tests of an intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) capable of carrying a large nuclear warhead in July 2017.
Ri Je Son was also mentioned in this role in 2002 in a United Nations article. On 3 September 2017, the North Korean leadership announced that it had conducted a nuclear test with what it claimed to be its first hydrogen bomb detonation.
On 15 November 2018, North Korea successfully tested a "newly developed ultramodern tactical weapon".
The date of establishment was officially changed back to 8 February 1948 by 2019, however. ==Organization== ===Commission and leadership=== The primary path for command and control of the KPA extends through the National Defence Commission which was led by its chairman Kim Jong-il until 2011, to the Ministry of Defence and its General Staff Department.
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