After taking control of the region from the French in the 1760s following their defeat in the French and Indian War, the British anglicized the lake's name to Superior, "on account of its being superior in magnitude to any of the lakes on that vast continent". ==Hydrography== Lake Superior empties into Lake Huron via the St.
By the mid-18th century, the Ojibwe occupied all of Lake Superior's shores. In the 18th century, as the booming fur trade supplied Europe with beaver hats, the Hudson's Bay Company had a virtual monopoly in the region until 1783, when the rival North West Company was formed.
The first steamboat to run on the lake was the Independence in 1847, whereas the first steamers on the other Great Lakes began sailing in 1816.
But by 1821, with competition harming the profits of both, the companies merged under the Hudson's Bay Company name.
The first steamboat to run on the lake was the Independence in 1847, whereas the first steamers on the other Great Lakes began sailing in 1816.
The 1878 dictionary by Father Frederic Baraga, the first one written for the Ojibway language, gives the Ojibwe name as Otchipwe-kitchi-gami (a transliteration of Ojibwe Gichigami). In the 17th century, the first French explorers approached the great inland sea by way of the Ottawa River and Lake Huron; they referred to their discovery as le lac supérieur (the upper lake, i.e.
Until approximately 1887, the natural hydraulic conveyance through the St.
Storms that claimed multiple ships include the Mataafa Storm in 1905 and the Great Lakes Storm of 1913. Wreckage of —a ore carrier that sank on October 11, 1907, during a Lake Superior storm in 77 fathoms () of water—was located in August 2007.
Storms that claimed multiple ships include the Mataafa Storm in 1905 and the Great Lakes Storm of 1913. Wreckage of —a ore carrier that sank on October 11, 1907, during a Lake Superior storm in 77 fathoms () of water—was located in August 2007.
Built in Lorain, Ohio, Cyprus was launched August 17, 1907, and was lost on her second voyage hauling iron ore from Superior, Wisconsin, to Buffalo, New York, with the sole survivor among her 23 crew being Charles G.
Storms that claimed multiple ships include the Mataafa Storm in 1905 and the Great Lakes Storm of 1913. Wreckage of —a ore carrier that sank on October 11, 1907, during a Lake Superior storm in 77 fathoms () of water—was located in August 2007.
Water levels, including diversions of water from the Hudson Bay watershed, are regulated by the International Lake Superior Board of Control, which was established in 1914 by the International Joint Commission. Lake Superior's water level was at a new record low in September 2007, slightly less than the previous record low in 1926.
In 1918 the last warships to sink in the Great Lakes, French minesweepers Inkerman and Cerisoles, vanished in a Lake Superior storm, perhaps upon striking the uncharted danger of the Superior Shoal in an otherwise deep part of the lake.
By 1921, development in support of transportation and hydroelectric power resulted in gates, locks, power canals and other control structures completely spanning St.
The low water was a continuation of the dropping lake levels from the previous year, 1925, which set low-water records for October through December.
During the nine-month period of October 1925 to June 1926, water levels ranged from to below Chart Datum.
Water levels, including diversions of water from the Hudson Bay watershed, are regulated by the International Lake Superior Board of Control, which was established in 1914 by the International Joint Commission. Lake Superior's water level was at a new record low in September 2007, slightly less than the previous record low in 1926.
In the winter of 1926 Lake Superior reached its lowest recorded level at below datum.
During the nine-month period of October 1925 to June 1926, water levels ranged from to below Chart Datum.
The water surface's slow reaction to temperature changes, seasonally ranging between 32 and 55 °F (0–13 °C) around 1970, helps to moderate surrounding air temperatures in the summer (cooler with frequent sea breeze formations) and winter, and creates lake-effect snow in colder months.
This is because of the unusually cold water, under on average around 1970.
With 78 crewmembers dead, their sinking marked the largest loss of life on Lake Superior to date. was the latest ship to sink in Lake Superior, from Whitefish Point in a storm on November 10, 1975.
The regulating structure is known as the Compensating Works and is operated according to a regulation plan known as Plan 1977-A.
Summer surface temperatures in the lake appeared to have increased by about between 1979 and 2007, compared with an approximately increase in the surrounding average air temperature.
Val Klump was the first person to reach the lowest depth of Lake Superior on July 30, 1985, as part of a scientific expedition, which at 122 fathoms 1 foot () below sea level is the second-lowest spot in the continental interior of the United States and the third-lowest spot in the interior of the North American continent after Great Slave Lake in the Northwest Territories of Canada ( below sea level) and Iliamna Lake in Alaska (942 feet [287 m] below sea level).
In the summer of 1985, Lake Superior reached its highest recorded level at above datum.
Joe MacInnis reported that in July 1994, explorer Frederick Shannon's Expedition 94 to the wreck of Edmund Fitzgerald discovered a man's body near the port side of her pilothouse, not far from the open door, "fully clothed, wearing an orange life jacket, and lying face down in the sediment". ==Ecology== More than 80 species of fish have been found in Lake Superior.
Water levels, including diversions of water from the Hudson Bay watershed, are regulated by the International Lake Superior Board of Control, which was established in 1914 by the International Joint Commission. Lake Superior's water level was at a new record low in September 2007, slightly less than the previous record low in 1926.
In the summer of 2007 monthly historic lows were set; August at , September at . ===Climate change=== According to a study by professors at the University of Minnesota Duluth, Lake Superior may have warmed faster than its surrounding area.
Summer surface temperatures in the lake appeared to have increased by about between 1979 and 2007, compared with an approximately increase in the surrounding average air temperature.
Storms that claimed multiple ships include the Mataafa Storm in 1905 and the Great Lakes Storm of 1913. Wreckage of —a ore carrier that sank on October 11, 1907, during a Lake Superior storm in 77 fathoms () of water—was located in August 2007.
Two recent consecutive winters (2013–2014 and 2014–2015) brought high ice coverage to the Great Lakes, and on March 6, 2014, overall ice coverage peaked at 92.5%, the second-highest in recorded history.
Lake Superior's ice coverage further beat 2014's record in 2019, reaching 95% coverage. ==Geography== The largest island in Lake Superior is Isle Royale in Michigan.
Lake Superior's ice coverage further beat 2014's record in 2019, reaching 95% coverage. ==Geography== The largest island in Lake Superior is Isle Royale in Michigan.
2019 and 2020 set new high-water records in nearly every month. Historic low water The lake's lowest levels occur in March and April.
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Page generated on 2021-08-05