Having enjoyed a successful collegiate coaching career at Navy during the 1950s, San Francisco native Eddie Erdelatz was hired as the Raiders' first head coach.
Perry (who was hired in 1959 as the first front-office hire) commissioned an unknown Berkeley artist and asked that a logo be created which included a helmeted man with an eye-patch, with the firm chin of a Randolph Scott, a well known Western film actor.
The Raiders play their home games at Allegiant Stadium in Paradise, Nevada, and are headquartered in Henderson, Nevada. Founded on January 30, 1960, and originally based in Oakland, California, the Raiders played their first regular season game on September 11, 1960, as a charter member of the American Football League (AFL).
They have previously played at Kezar Stadium and Candlestick Park in San Francisco, Frank Youell Field and Oakland Coliseum in Oakland, and the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum in Los Angeles. ==Franchise history== ===First Oakland era (1960–1981)=== The Oakland Raiders were originally going to be called the "Oakland Señors" after a name-the-team contest had that name finish first, but after being the target of local jokes, the name was changed to the Raiders before the 1960 season began.
On February 9, 1960, after rejecting offers from the NFL's Washington Redskins and the AFL's Los Angeles Chargers, Erdelatz accepted the Raiders' head coaching position.
In January 1960, the Raiders were established in Oakland, and because of NFL interference with the original eighth franchise owner, were the last team of eight in the new American Football League to select players, thus relegated to the remaining talent available (see below). The 1960 Raiders 42-man roster included 28 rookies and only 14 veterans.
They lost 27–23 to the New York Jets in the AFL Championship Game. Citing management conflicts with day-to-day coaching decisions, Rauch resigned as Raiders head coach on January 16, 1969, accepting the head coaching job of the Buffalo Bills. ====John Madden==== During the early 1960s, John Madden was a defensive assistant coach at San Diego State University under SDSU head coach Don Coryell.
They won their first Super Bowl under John Madden, and their next two with Tom Flores. ==Logos and uniforms== When the team was founded in 1960, the Oakland Tribune held a name-the-team contest.
The team wore this design from 1960 to 1962.
The high temperature in Oakland that day was 78°. For the 2009 season, the Raiders took part in the AFL Legacy Program and wore 1960s throwback jerseys for games against other teams from the former AFL. In the 2012 and 2013 seasons, the team wore black cleats as a tribute to Al Davis.
The Raider games were called on radio from 1960 to 1962 by Bud (Wilson Keene) Foster and Mel Venter, and from 1963 to 1965 by Bob Blum and Dan Galvin.
The next year in the divisional playoffs the Raiders trailed Miami 26–21; in the final minute the Raiders drove to the Miami eight-yard line; a desperation pass by Ken Stabler was caught in traffic by Clarence Davis in the play known as the "Sea of Hands." The Raiders faced the Houston Oilers throughout the AFL era and twice in AFL playoffs in the late 1960s, winning 40–7 in 1967 on their way to Super Bowl II and 56–7 in the 1969 divisional playoffs.
Many of the players (including Abner Haynes) that had been assigned to the UNNAMED and defunct Minneapolis AFL franchise were signed by some of the seven loyal remaining members of the AFL's 'Foolish Club'. The city of Oakland was awarded the eighth AFL franchise on January 30, 1960.
In their debut year under Erdelatz the Raiders finished with a 6–8 record. On September 18, 1961, Erdelatz was dismissed after the Raiders were outscored 77–46 in the first two games of the season.
On September 24, 1961, after the dismissal of Erdelatz, management named Los Angeles native and offensive line coach Marty Feldman as the Raiders head coach.
The team finished the 1961 season with a 2–12 record. Feldman began the 1962 season as Raiders head coach but was fired on October 16, 1962 after an 0–5 start.
A loss to the Patriots derailed any further postseason hopes. The Raiders' fortunes declined after that, and from 1986 to 1989, they finished no better than 8–8 and posted consecutive losing seasons for the first time since 1961–62.
They were established in 1961 as the Oakland Raiderettes.
One of many obfuscations put forward by the NFL in its attempt to derail the AFL. After the AFL's first draft, in which players were selected for the then nameless Minneapolis franchise, Winter reneged from his agreement with the AFL owners and defected to the NFL with a franchise that started play in 1961 and was named the Minnesota Vikings.
Because many of the defunct Minneapolis franchise's originally drafted players were signed by other AFL teams, the AFL held an 'allocation' draft, in which each team earmarked players that could be chosen by the Raiders. The Minneapolis group did not take with them any of the rights to players they drafted when they defected to the NFL, because their first draft in that league was in 1961.
Wilson Jr. After the conclusion of the first season Soda dropped out of the partnership, and on January 17, 1961, Valley, McGah and Osborne bought out the remaining four general partners.
The team finished the 1961 season with a 2–12 record. Feldman began the 1962 season as Raiders head coach but was fired on October 16, 1962 after an 0–5 start.
Following the 1962 season the Raiders appointed Conkright to an interim mentor position as they looked for a new head coach. ====Al Davis==== After the 1962 season, Raiders managing general partner F.
In announcing the move, Al Davis said that firing Shell in 1995 had been a mistake. Under Shell, the Raiders lost their first five games in 2006 en route to a 2–14 record, the team's worst since 1962.
The Raiders also earned the right to the first overall pick in the 2007 NFL Draft for the first time since 1962, by virtue of having the league's worst record. ====Lane Kiffin==== On January 22, 2007, the team announced the hiring of 31-year-old USC offensive coordinator Lane Kiffin, the youngest coach in franchise history and the youngest coach in the NFL.
The team wore this design from 1960 to 1962.
Valley threatened to move the Raiders out of the area unless a stadium was built in Oakland, so in 1962 the Raiders moved into 18,000-seat Frank Youell Field (later expanded to 22,000 seats), their first home in Oakland.
The Raider games were called on radio from 1960 to 1962 by Bud (Wilson Keene) Foster and Mel Venter, and from 1963 to 1965 by Bob Blum and Dan Galvin.
Soon after, Valley and McGah purchased Osborne's interest, with Valley named as the managing general partner. In 1962 Valley hired Al Davis, a former assistant coach for the San Diego Chargers, as head coach and general manager.
In 1963, the Raiders' fortunes improved dramatically with the introduction of head coach (and eventual owner) Al Davis.
Since 1963, the team has won 15 division titles (3 AFL and 12 NFL), 4 AFC Championships (1976, 1980, 1983, and 2002), one AFL Championship (1967), and three Super Bowl Championships: XI (1976), XV (1980), and XVIII (1983).
Under Davis the Raiders improved to 10–4 and he was named the AFL's Coach of the Year in 1963.
The famous silver and black Raider uniform debuted at the regular season-opening game on September 7, 1963.
In a very rare move, the jerseys displayed the player's full name on the back, before being pared down to only the surname in 1963.
When Al Davis became head coach and general manager in 1963, he changed the team's color scheme to silver and black, and added a logo to the helmet.
Over the years, it has undergone minor color modifications (such as changing the background from silver to black in 1964), but it has essentially remained the same. The Raiders' current silver and black uniform design has essentially remained the same since it debuted in 1963.
In 1971, the team again displayed black numerals and have stayed that way ever since (with the exception of the 1994 season as part of the NFL's 75th Anniversary where they donned the 1963 helmets with the 1970 silver away numbers and black lettering names). The Raiders wore their white jerseys at home for the first time in their history on September 28, 2008 against the San Diego Chargers.
The Raider games were called on radio from 1960 to 1962 by Bud (Wilson Keene) Foster and Mel Venter, and from 1963 to 1965 by Bob Blum and Dan Galvin.
The two teams have faced off on Monday Night Football a total of 19 times, making it the most frequent Monday Night matchup in NFL history. Los Angeles Chargers The Los Angeles Chargers' rivalry with Oakland dates to the 1963 season, when the Raiders defeated the heavily favored Chargers twice, both come-from-behind fourth-quarter victories.
Though the team slipped to 5–7–2 in 1964, they rebounded to an 8–5–1 record in 1965.
Over the years, it has undergone minor color modifications (such as changing the background from silver to black in 1964), but it has essentially remained the same. The Raiders' current silver and black uniform design has essentially remained the same since it debuted in 1963.
Originally, the white jerseys had black letters for the names and silver numbers with a thick black outline, but they were changed to black with a silver outline for the 1964 season.
Though the team slipped to 5–7–2 in 1964, they rebounded to an 8–5–1 record in 1965.
He purchased a 10% interest in the team for $18,000, and became the team's third general partner – the partner in charge of football operations. Under Rauch, the Raiders matched their 1965 season's 8–5–1 record in 1966 but missed the playoffs, finishing second in the AFL West Division. ====First Super Bowl appearance: 1967==== On the field, the team Davis had assembled steadily improved.
The Raider games were called on radio from 1960 to 1962 by Bud (Wilson Keene) Foster and Mel Venter, and from 1963 to 1965 by Bob Blum and Dan Galvin.
The Raiders managed a 14-game winning streak against the Broncos from 1965 to 1971, which lasted until October 22, 1972, when the Broncos defeated the Raiders 30–23.
Prior to this, the team wore a combination of black and white with gold trim on the pants and oversized numerals. ====Davis's departure and return==== In April 1966 Davis left the Raiders after being named AFL Commissioner, promoting assistant coach John Rauch to head coach.
On July 25, 1966, Davis returned as part-owner of the team.
He purchased a 10% interest in the team for $18,000, and became the team's third general partner – the partner in charge of football operations. Under Rauch, the Raiders matched their 1965 season's 8–5–1 record in 1966 but missed the playoffs, finishing second in the AFL West Division. ====First Super Bowl appearance: 1967==== On the field, the team Davis had assembled steadily improved.
It was a temporary home for the team while the 53,000 seat Oakland Coliseum was under construction; the Coliseum was completed in 1966.
Cristian Echeverria is the Spanish-language play-by-play announcer with Harry Ruiz doing commentary. Bill King was the voice of the Raiders from 1966 to 1992, during which time he called approximately 600 games.
In April 1966 Davis left the Raiders after being named AFL Commissioner.
On July 25, 1966, Davis returned as part owner of the team.
In 1967, after several years of improvement, the Raiders reached the postseason for the first time.
He purchased a 10% interest in the team for $18,000, and became the team's third general partner – the partner in charge of football operations. Under Rauch, the Raiders matched their 1965 season's 8–5–1 record in 1966 but missed the playoffs, finishing second in the AFL West Division. ====First Super Bowl appearance: 1967==== On the field, the team Davis had assembled steadily improved.
Led by quarterback Daryle Lamonica, acquired in a trade with the Buffalo Bills, the Raiders finished the 1967 season with a 13–1 record and won the 1967 AFL Championship, defeating the Houston Oilers 40–7.
In 1967, Madden was hired by Al Davis as the Raiders linebacker coach.
The next year, in what would be the last season of the team's second tenure in Oakland, the team posted a three-game turnaround with a 7–9 record. ===Las Vegas era (2020–present)=== On January 22, 2020, it was announced that the Raiders had relocated to Las Vegas. ==Championships== ===AFL championships=== The Raiders finished the 1967 season with a 13–1–0 record and won the 1967 AFL Championship.
The next year in the divisional playoffs the Raiders trailed Miami 26–21; in the final minute the Raiders drove to the Miami eight-yard line; a desperation pass by Ken Stabler was caught in traffic by Clarence Davis in the play known as the "Sea of Hands." The Raiders faced the Houston Oilers throughout the AFL era and twice in AFL playoffs in the late 1960s, winning 40–7 in 1967 on their way to Super Bowl II and 56–7 in the 1969 divisional playoffs.
The first exhibition game, played in 1967, ended with the 49ers defeating the AFL Raiders 13–10.
On January 14, 1968, the Raiders were defeated in the second-ever Super Bowl, losing 33–14 to Vince Lombardi's Green Bay Packers. The following year, the Raiders ended the 1968 season with a 12–2 record and again winning the AFL West Division title.
The Raiders shared the Coliseum with the Oakland Athletics once the A's moved to Oakland from Kansas City in 1968, except for the years the Raiders called Los Angeles home (1982–94).
The Raider Nation is also known for the Black Hole, originally a specific area of the Coliseum (sections 104–107) frequented by the team's rowdiest and most fervent fans from 1995 until 2019. Al Davis created the phrase Raider Nation in 1968.
The Raiders held a streak without losing to the Chargers with a 16–0–2 record from 1968 to 1977.
They lost 27–23 to the New York Jets in the AFL Championship Game. Citing management conflicts with day-to-day coaching decisions, Rauch resigned as Raiders head coach on January 16, 1969, accepting the head coaching job of the Buffalo Bills. ====John Madden==== During the early 1960s, John Madden was a defensive assistant coach at San Diego State University under SDSU head coach Don Coryell.
On February 4, 1969, after the departure of John Rauch, Madden was named the Raiders sixth head coach.
Under Madden, the 1969 Raiders won the AFL West Division title for the third consecutive year with a 12–1–1 record.
On December 20, 1969, the Raiders defeated the Oilers 56–7 in the AFL Division playoff game.
In the AFL Championship game on January 4, 1970, the Raiders were defeated by Hank Stram's Kansas City Chiefs 17–7. In 1970, the AFL–NFL merger was completed after four years and the Raiders joined the Western Division of the American Football Conference (actually the AFL West with the same teams as in 1969, except for the Cincinnati Bengals) in the newly merged NFL.
Oakland lost the 1969 AFL Championship against Kansas City, who went on to beat the Minnesota Vikings and win the Super Bowl.
On September 8, 1996, the Chiefs also began to lead the overall series against the Raiders for the first time since November 23, 1969.
The next year in the divisional playoffs the Raiders trailed Miami 26–21; in the final minute the Raiders drove to the Miami eight-yard line; a desperation pass by Ken Stabler was caught in traffic by Clarence Davis in the play known as the "Sea of Hands." The Raiders faced the Houston Oilers throughout the AFL era and twice in AFL playoffs in the late 1960s, winning 40–7 in 1967 on their way to Super Bowl II and 56–7 in the 1969 divisional playoffs.
They moved to the NFL with the AFL-NFL merger in 1970.
The leagues would retain separate regular seasons until 1970.
In the AFL Championship game on January 4, 1970, the Raiders were defeated by Hank Stram's Kansas City Chiefs 17–7. In 1970, the AFL–NFL merger was completed after four years and the Raiders joined the Western Division of the American Football Conference (actually the AFL West with the same teams as in 1969, except for the Cincinnati Bengals) in the newly merged NFL.
When backup offensive lineman Ron Mix played, the 1971 Raiders had an eventual all-Pro Football Hall of Fame offensive line with tackle Art Shell, guard Gene Upshaw, center Jim Otto, and tackle Bob Brown. The teams of the 1970s were thoroughly dominant teams, with eight Hall of Fame inductees on the roster and a Hall of Fame coach in John Madden.
The 1970s Raiders created the team's identity and persona as a team that was hard-hitting.
In the 1970s, the Steelers and Raiders were frequently the two best teams in the AFC and, arguably, the NFL.
According to Madden and Davis, the Raiders relied on quick movement by their wide receivers on the outside sidelines – the deep threat, or 'long ball' – more so than the Steelers of that year, whose offense was far more run-oriented than it would become later in the 1970s.
In 1970, the team used silver numerals with black outline and black lettering names for the season.
In 1971, the team again displayed black numerals and have stayed that way ever since (with the exception of the 1994 season as part of the NFL's 75th Anniversary where they donned the 1963 helmets with the 1970 silver away numbers and black lettering names). The Raiders wore their white jerseys at home for the first time in their history on September 28, 2008 against the San Diego Chargers.
The rivalry was extremely intense during the 1970s, and considered by many to be one of the most vicious and brutal in the history of Professional football.
Oakland was then beaten 35–3 by Pittsburgh on November 21, 2010; this game brought out the roughness of the rivalry's 1970s history when Steelers quarterback Ben Roethlisberger was punched by Raiders defensive end Richard Seymour following a touchdown.
The Raiders faced the Dolphins twice in the early 1970s; the Dolphins defeated the Raiders in the 1973 AFC Championship Game 27–10 on their way to Super Bowl VIII.
After the 1970 merger, the 49ers won in Oakland 38–7.
Despite another 8–4–2 season in 1971, it was only good for second place in the AFC West, and the team failed to make the playoffs.
When backup offensive lineman Ron Mix played, the 1971 Raiders had an eventual all-Pro Football Hall of Fame offensive line with tackle Art Shell, guard Gene Upshaw, center Jim Otto, and tackle Bob Brown. The teams of the 1970s were thoroughly dominant teams, with eight Hall of Fame inductees on the roster and a Hall of Fame coach in John Madden.
Although the 1978 Raiders achieved a winning record at 9–7, they missed the playoffs for the first time since 1971, losing critical games down the stretch to miss the playoffs. ====Tom Flores==== After 10 consecutive winning seasons and one Super Bowl championship, John Madden left coaching in 1979 to pursue a career as a television football commentator.
In 1971, the team again displayed black numerals and have stayed that way ever since (with the exception of the 1994 season as part of the NFL's 75th Anniversary where they donned the 1963 helmets with the 1970 silver away numbers and black lettering names). The Raiders wore their white jerseys at home for the first time in their history on September 28, 2008 against the San Diego Chargers.
The Raiders managed a 14-game winning streak against the Broncos from 1965 to 1971, which lasted until October 22, 1972, when the Broncos defeated the Raiders 30–23.
As of the end of the NFL's 2020 season, the Raiders have an all-time regular season record of 481 wins, 440 losses, and 11 ties; their all-time playoff record currently stands at 25 wins and 19 losses. Al Davis owned the team from 1972 until his death in 2011.
The rivalry garnered attention in the sports media, with controversial plays, late hits, accusations and public statements. The rivalry began with and was fueled by a controversial last-second play in their first playoff game in 1972.
The Raiders managed a 14-game winning streak against the Broncos from 1965 to 1971, which lasted until October 22, 1972, when the Broncos defeated the Raiders 30–23.
From 1972 to 1976 the teams would meet in the playoffs five consecutive times, including three consecutive AFC Championship games.
The rivalry really kicked off during the teams’ first playoff meeting at the 1972 AFC divisional round in Pittsburgh.
He purchased a 10% interest in the team for US$18,000, and became the team's third general partner – the partner in charge of football operations. In 1972, with Wayne Valley out of the country for several weeks attending the Olympic Games in Munich, Davis's attorneys drafted a revised partnership agreement that gave him total control over all of the Raiders' operations.
From 1972 onward, Davis had exercised near-complete control as president of the team's general partner, A.D.
The Raiders countered that—under the terms of the partnership agreement as amended in 1972—upon the death of the elder McGah in 1983, his general partner interest converted to that of a limited partner.
From 1973 through 1977, the Raiders reached the conference championship every year. This was also the era of a bitter rivalry between the Pittsburgh Steelers and Raiders.
On September 23, 1973, they played the Miami Dolphins in Berkeley due to a scheduling conflict with the Athletics.
The Raiders faced the Dolphins twice in the early 1970s; the Dolphins defeated the Raiders in the 1973 AFC Championship Game 27–10 on their way to Super Bowl VIII.
The teams would meet on five occasions in the playoffs, and the winner of the Steelers-Raiders game went on to win the Super Bowl in three of those instances, from 1974 to 1976.
The Raiders defeated Pittsburgh 33–14 in the divisional round of the playoffs to reach the AFC Championship, but lost 27–10 to the Miami Dolphins. In 1974 Oakland had a 12–2 regular season, which included a nine-game winning streak.
The Raiders were held to only 29 yards rushing by the Pittsburgh defense, and late mistakes turned a 10–3 lead at the start of the fourth quarter into a disappointing 24–13 loss. In the 1975 season opener, the Raiders beat Miami and ended their 31-game home winning streak.
During the 1975 AFC Championship game, Raiders strong safety George Atkinson delivered a hit on Pittsburgh wide receiver Lynn Swann, which left him concussed.
The teams would meet on five occasions in the playoffs, and the winner of the Steelers-Raiders game went on to win the Super Bowl in three of those instances, from 1974 to 1976.
The rivalry had now grown to hatred, and became the stereotype of the 'grudge match.' Again, the Raiders came up short, as the Steelers won the AFC Championship and then went on to another Super Bowl title. In 1976, the Raiders came from behind dramatically to beat Pittsburgh 31–28 in the season opener and continued to cement its reputation for dirty play by knocking WR Lynn Swann out for two weeks with a clothesline to the helmet.
From 1972 to 1976 the teams would meet in the playoffs five consecutive times, including three consecutive AFC Championship games.
When the two teams met in the 1976 season opener, Atkinson again hit Swann, this time with a forearm to the head, causing yet another concussion.
Before that, New England also lost a playoff game in 1976 to the Raiders; the game is unofficially known as "The Ben Dreith Game" due to a controversial penalty by head referee Dreith.
Valley was furious when he discovered this, and immediately filed suit to have the new agreement overturned, but the court sided with Davis and McGah. In 1976 Valley sold his interest in the team, and Davis – who now owned only 25% of the Raiders – was firmly in charge. ====Current ownership structure==== Legally, the club is a limited partnership with nine partners – Davis' heirs and the heirs of the original eight team partners.
From 1973 through 1977, the Raiders reached the conference championship every year. This was also the era of a bitter rivalry between the Pittsburgh Steelers and Raiders.
The Raiders held a streak without losing to the Chargers with a 16–0–2 record from 1968 to 1977.
The Raiders then fell to the Broncos in the AFC Championship. During a 1978 preseason game, Patriots WR Darryl Stingley was injured by a hit from Raiders FS Jack Tatum and paralyzed for life.
Although the 1978 Raiders achieved a winning record at 9–7, they missed the playoffs for the first time since 1971, losing critical games down the stretch to miss the playoffs. ====Tom Flores==== After 10 consecutive winning seasons and one Super Bowl championship, John Madden left coaching in 1979 to pursue a career as a television football commentator.
One of the most memorable games between these teams was the "Holy Roller" game in 1978, in which the Raiders fumbled for a touchdown in a very controversial play.
This game, which was the teams' final matchup in Oakland, contributed to the Steelers' late-season collapse and missing the playoffs that year. ====New England Patriots==== The rivalry between the Raiders and New England Patriots dates to their time in the AFL, but was intensified during a 1978 preseason game, when Patriots wide receiver Darryl Stingley was permanently paralyzed after a vicious hit delivered by Raiders free safety Jack Tatum.
Although the 1978 Raiders achieved a winning record at 9–7, they missed the playoffs for the first time since 1971, losing critical games down the stretch to miss the playoffs. ====Tom Flores==== After 10 consecutive winning seasons and one Super Bowl championship, John Madden left coaching in 1979 to pursue a career as a television football commentator.
Since 1963, the team has won 15 division titles (3 AFL and 12 NFL), 4 AFC Championships (1976, 1980, 1983, and 2002), one AFL Championship (1967), and three Super Bowl Championships: XI (1976), XV (1980), and XVIII (1983).
Flores led the Raiders to another 9–7 season, but the team missed the playoffs. In the midst of the turmoil of Al Davis' attempts to move the team to Los Angeles in 1980, Flores looked to lead the Raiders to their third Super Bowl by finishing the season 11–5 and earning a wild card berth.
They would go on to win 27–10, winning their second Super Bowl and becoming the first team to ever win the Super Bowl after getting into the playoffs as the wild card team. ===Los Angeles era (1982–1994)=== In 1980 Al Davis attempted unsuccessfully to have improvements made to the Oakland–Alameda County Coliseum, specifically the addition of luxury boxes.
The rivalry reached its apex in the late 1980s, cooled when the teams faced each other only sporadically, then headed up again in the late 1990s before cooling again. The four most recent contests between the Raiders and Steelers harkened back to the rivalry's history of bitterness and close competition.
Oakland defeated the Oilers in the 1980 Wild Card playoffs 27–7 and defeated the Titans in the 2002 AFC Championship Game 41–24. ====Historic battle of the Bay rivalry==== The San Francisco 49ers, located on the other side of San Francisco Bay, were the Raiders' geographic rivals during the Raiders' time in Oakland.
When the NFL declined to approve the Raiders' move from Oakland to Los Angeles in 1980, the team joined the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum Commission in a lawsuit against the league alleging a violation of antitrust laws.
With the ruling, the Raiders would relocate to Los Angeles for the 1982 season to play their home games at the Memorial Coliseum. The Raiders' final campaign of their first run in Oakland of 1981 saw the team fall to a 7–9 record, failing to make the playoffs following their Super Bowl win. The newly minted Los Angeles Raiders finished the strike-shortened 1982 season 8–1 to win the AFC West, but lost in the second round of the playoffs to the Jets.
In January 1981 the Chargers hosted their first AFC title against the Raiders.
The team departed Oakland to play in Los Angeles from the 1982 season through the 1994 season before returning to Oakland at the start of the 1995 season.
After the first case was declared a mistrial, in May 1982, a second jury found in favor of Davis and the Los Angeles Coliseum, clearing the way for the move.
With the ruling, the Raiders would relocate to Los Angeles for the 1982 season to play their home games at the Memorial Coliseum. The Raiders' final campaign of their first run in Oakland of 1981 saw the team fall to a 7–9 record, failing to make the playoffs following their Super Bowl win. The newly minted Los Angeles Raiders finished the strike-shortened 1982 season 8–1 to win the AFC West, but lost in the second round of the playoffs to the Jets.
On November 22, 1982, the Raiders hosted their first Monday Night football game in Los Angeles against the San Diego Chargers.
The teams met six times in the regular season in this period; the Raiders won the first meeting of this era, 37–31, on December 18, 1982.
Since 1963, the team has won 15 division titles (3 AFL and 12 NFL), 4 AFC Championships (1976, 1980, 1983, and 2002), one AFL Championship (1967), and three Super Bowl Championships: XI (1976), XV (1980), and XVIII (1983).
Although exact ownership stakes are not known, it has been reported that Davis owned 47% of the team shares before his death in 2011. Ed McGah, the last of the original eight general partners of the Raiders, died in September 1983.
The Raiders countered that—under the terms of the partnership agreement as amended in 1972—upon the death of the elder McGah in 1983, his general partner interest converted to that of a limited partner.
Allen set a record for most rushing yards (191) and combined yards (209) in a Super Bowl as the Raiders won their third Super Bowl in eight years. The team had another successful regular season in 1984, finishing 11–5, but a three-game losing streak forced them to enter the playoffs as a wild-card, where they fell to the Seahawks in the Wild Card game. The 1985 Raiders campaign saw 12 wins and a division title as Marcus Allen was named MVP.
Conte, BALCO vice president James Valente, weight trainer Greg Anderson and coach Remi Korchemny had supplied a number of high-profile sports stars from the United States and Europe with the Clear and [growth hormone] for several years. Headquartered in Burlingame, BALCO was founded in 1984.
Allen set a record for most rushing yards (191) and combined yards (209) in a Super Bowl as the Raiders won their third Super Bowl in eight years. The team had another successful regular season in 1984, finishing 11–5, but a three-game losing streak forced them to enter the playoffs as a wild-card, where they fell to the Seahawks in the Wild Card game. The 1985 Raiders campaign saw 12 wins and a division title as Marcus Allen was named MVP.
A loss to the Patriots derailed any further postseason hopes. The Raiders' fortunes declined after that, and from 1986 to 1989, they finished no better than 8–8 and posted consecutive losing seasons for the first time since 1961–62.
Also in 1986, Al Davis got into a widely publicized argument with Marcus Allen, whom he accused of faking injuries.
Low game attendance and fan apathy were evident by this point, and in the summer of 1988, rumors of a Raiders return to Oakland intensified when a preseason game against the Houston Oilers was scheduled at Oakland–Alameda County Coliseum. As early as 1986, Davis sought to abandon the Coliseum in favor of a more modern stadium.
While based in Los Angeles, the team hosted New England in the divisional round of the playoffs in 1986.
In 1986, Davis testified on behalf of the United States Football League in their unsuccessful antitrust lawsuit against the NFL.
The feud continued into 1987, and Davis retaliated by signing Bo Jackson to essentially replace Allen.
In August 1987 it was announced that the city of Irwindale paid Davis US$10 million as a good-faith deposit for a prospective stadium site.
The Coliseum Commission received a settlement from the NFL of $19.6 million in 1987.
After a weak 5–10 finish, Tom Flores moved to the front office and was replaced by Denver Broncos offensive assistant coach Mike Shanahan. Shanahan led the team to a 7–9 season in 1988, and Allen and Jackson continued to trade places as the starting running back.
Low game attendance and fan apathy were evident by this point, and in the summer of 1988, rumors of a Raiders return to Oakland intensified when a preseason game against the Houston Oilers was scheduled at Oakland–Alameda County Coliseum. As early as 1986, Davis sought to abandon the Coliseum in favor of a more modern stadium.
On January 1, 2000, the last game of the 1999 NFL regular season, the Raiders defeated the Chiefs for the first time in Kansas City since 1988 in overtime on a 33-yard field goal kick made by Joe Nedney.
In 1988, Victor Conte offered free blood and urine tests to a group of athletes known as the BALCO Olympians.
A loss to the Patriots derailed any further postseason hopes. The Raiders' fortunes declined after that, and from 1986 to 1989, they finished no better than 8–8 and posted consecutive losing seasons for the first time since 1961–62.
During this time Davis also almost moved the team to Sacramento in a deal that would have included Davis becoming the managing partner of the Sacramento Kings. ====Art Shell==== Negotiations between Davis and Oakland commenced in January 1989, and on March 11, 1990, Davis announced his intention to bring the Raiders back to Oakland.
On September 11, Davis announced a new deal to stay in Los Angeles, leading many fans in Oakland to burn Raiders paraphernalia in disgust. After starting the 1989 season with a 1–3 record, Shanahan was fired by Davis, which began a long-standing feud between the two.
Shanahan coached the Raiders before being fired just four games into the 1989 season, which has only served to intensify this rivalry.
During this time Davis also almost moved the team to Sacramento in a deal that would have included Davis becoming the managing partner of the Sacramento Kings. ====Art Shell==== Negotiations between Davis and Oakland commenced in January 1989, and on March 11, 1990, Davis announced his intention to bring the Raiders back to Oakland.
By September 1990, numerous delays had prevented the completion of the deal between Davis and Oakland.
With the hiring, Shell became the first African American head coach in the modern NFL era, but the team still finished a middling 8–8. In 1990 Shell led the Raiders to a 12–4 record.
The struggle for a quarterback continued in 1992 as the Raiders started two different quarterbacks and stumbled to a 7–9 record, two other playoff appearances during the 1990s, and finished higher than third place only three times. The Raiders rebounded well in 1993 with Jeff Hostetler as the everyday quarterback, finishing in second place in the AFC West with a 10–6 record.
Led by veteran quarterback Rich Gannon (MVP), Oakland won their first division title since 1990, and advanced to the AFC Championship, where Gannon was hurt when sacked by Baltimore Ravens' lineman Tony Siragusa.
From 1990 to 1999, the Raiders have lost 17 out of 20 regular-season meetings between the Chiefs, including a 10–game losing streak at Kansas City; the Raiders also lost to the Chiefs 10–6 in the Wild Card round on December 28, 1991.
The rivalry reached its apex in the late 1980s, cooled when the teams faced each other only sporadically, then headed up again in the late 1990s before cooling again. The four most recent contests between the Raiders and Steelers harkened back to the rivalry's history of bitterness and close competition.
Jackson was forced to quit football as a result of the injury, although surgery allowed him to continue playing baseball until he retired in 1994. The Raiders finished with a 9–7 record in 1991, but struggled looking for a reliable quarterback and lost to the Kansas City Chiefs in the Wild Card game.
This was the most selections for the team since 1991, and the most for any team in the 2016 NFL season. As the fifth seed in the AFC in the 2016 NFL playoffs, the Raiders faced the Houston Texans in the opening Wild Card round.
From 1990 to 1999, the Raiders have lost 17 out of 20 regular-season meetings between the Chiefs, including a 10–game losing streak at Kansas City; the Raiders also lost to the Chiefs 10–6 in the Wild Card round on December 28, 1991.
The struggle for a quarterback continued in 1992 as the Raiders started two different quarterbacks and stumbled to a 7–9 record, two other playoff appearances during the 1990s, and finished higher than third place only three times. The Raiders rebounded well in 1993 with Jeff Hostetler as the everyday quarterback, finishing in second place in the AFC West with a 10–6 record.
Cristian Echeverria is the Spanish-language play-by-play announcer with Harry Ruiz doing commentary. Bill King was the voice of the Raiders from 1966 to 1992, during which time he called approximately 600 games.
The struggle for a quarterback continued in 1992 as the Raiders started two different quarterbacks and stumbled to a 7–9 record, two other playoff appearances during the 1990s, and finished higher than third place only three times. The Raiders rebounded well in 1993 with Jeff Hostetler as the everyday quarterback, finishing in second place in the AFC West with a 10–6 record.
The team departed Oakland to play in Los Angeles from the 1982 season through the 1994 season before returning to Oakland at the start of the 1995 season.
Jackson was forced to quit football as a result of the injury, although surgery allowed him to continue playing baseball until he retired in 1994. The Raiders finished with a 9–7 record in 1991, but struggled looking for a reliable quarterback and lost to the Kansas City Chiefs in the Wild Card game.
The Raiders, led by two Napoleon McCallum rushing touchdowns took a halftime lead, but could only manage six points in the second half losing to the Bills again 29–23. Following a 9–7 record in the 1994 season that resulted in the team missing the playoffs, Art Shell was fired. ===Second Oakland era (1995–2019)=== ====Return to Oakland==== On June 23, 1995, Davis signed a letter of intent to move the Raiders back to Oakland.
In 1971, the team again displayed black numerals and have stayed that way ever since (with the exception of the 1994 season as part of the NFL's 75th Anniversary where they donned the 1963 helmets with the 1970 silver away numbers and black lettering names). The Raiders wore their white jerseys at home for the first time in their history on September 28, 2008 against the San Diego Chargers.
The team departed Oakland to play in Los Angeles from the 1982 season through the 1994 season before returning to Oakland at the start of the 1995 season.
The Raiders, led by two Napoleon McCallum rushing touchdowns took a halftime lead, but could only manage six points in the second half losing to the Bills again 29–23. Following a 9–7 record in the 1994 season that resulted in the team missing the playoffs, Art Shell was fired. ===Second Oakland era (1995–2019)=== ====Return to Oakland==== On June 23, 1995, Davis signed a letter of intent to move the Raiders back to Oakland.
The Raiders paid $525,000 a year in rent – a fraction of what the nearby San Francisco 49ers paid to play at the now-extinct Candlestick Park – and did not pay maintenance or game-day operating costs. The move was greeted with much fanfare, and under new head coach Mike White the 1995 season began well for the Raiders.
In announcing the move, Al Davis said that firing Shell in 1995 had been a mistake. Under Shell, the Raiders lost their first five games in 2006 en route to a 2–14 record, the team's worst since 1962.
The Raider Nation is also known for the Black Hole, originally a specific area of the Coliseum (sections 104–107) frequented by the team's rowdiest and most fervent fans from 1995 until 2019. Al Davis created the phrase Raider Nation in 1968.
While the Raiders still hold the advantage in the all-time series 63–53–2, the Broncos amassed 21 wins in 28 games, from the 1995 season and the arrival of Broncos head coach Mike Shanahan, through the 2008 season.
One of the reasons cited for the poor attendance figures was the decision to issue costly personal seat licenses (PSLs) upon the Raiders' return to Oakland in 1995.
From 1995 until the lifting of the policy in 2014 television blackouts of Raiders home games were common. In November 2005 the team announced that it was taking over ticket sales from the privately run Oakland Football Marketing Association (OFMA), and abolishing PSLs.
In February 2005, a California Court of Appeal unanimously upheld the original verdict. When the Raiders moved back from Los Angeles in 1995, the city of Oakland and the Oakland–Alameda County Coliseum Authority agreed to sell Personal Seat Licenses (PSLs) to help pay for the renovations to their stadium.
On September 8, 1996, the Chiefs also began to lead the overall series against the Raiders for the first time since November 23, 1969.
On November 2, 2005, a settlement was announced, part of which was the abolishment of PSLs as of the 2006 season. ====Trademark and trade dress dilution==== In 1996 the team sued the NFL in Santa Clara County, in a lawsuit that ultimately included 22 separate causes of action.
From 1996 Conte worked with well-known American football star Bill Romanowski, who proved to be useful to establish new connections to athletes and coaches. ==Players of note== ===Current roster=== ===Pro Football Hall of Fame members=== The Pro Football Hall of Fame has inducted 14 players who made their primary contribution to professional football while with the Raiders, in addition to coach-owner-commissioner Al Davis, head coach John Madden, head coach Tom Flores and executive Ron Wolf.
Oakland finished 4–12, which was their worst showing since 1997.
Until their dismissal prior to the 2018 season, Greg Papa was the voice of the Raiders with former Raiders quarterback and coach Tom Flores doing commentary from 1997 to 2017. In June 2017, it was announced that Beasley Media Group signed a two-year deal as the Las Vegas flagship radio partner of the Raiders.
Under Gruden, the Raiders posted consecutive 8–8 seasons in 1998 and 1999. Oakland finished 12–4 in the 2000 season, the team's most successful in a decade.
Under Gruden, the Raiders posted consecutive 8–8 seasons in 1998 and 1999. Oakland finished 12–4 in the 2000 season, the team's most successful in a decade.
From 1990 to 1999, the Raiders have lost 17 out of 20 regular-season meetings between the Chiefs, including a 10–game losing streak at Kansas City; the Raiders also lost to the Chiefs 10–6 in the Wild Card round on December 28, 1991.
On January 1, 2000, the last game of the 1999 NFL regular season, the Raiders defeated the Chiefs for the first time in Kansas City since 1988 in overtime on a 33-yard field goal kick made by Joe Nedney.
According to a 1999 partnership agreement, Davis' interest passed to his wife, Carol.
Under Gruden, the Raiders posted consecutive 8–8 seasons in 1998 and 1999. Oakland finished 12–4 in the 2000 season, the team's most successful in a decade.
On January 1, 2000, the last game of the 1999 NFL regular season, the Raiders defeated the Chiefs for the first time in Kansas City since 1988 in overtime on a 33-yard field goal kick made by Joe Nedney.
The rivalry waned in later years, but saw a minor resurgence in the 2000–02 period.
The Raider offense struggled without Gannon, and the Raiders fell 16–3 to the eventual Super Bowl champion Ravens. The Raiders acquired all-time leading receiver Jerry Rice prior to the 2001 season.
The Jets edged the Raiders in the final week of the 2001 season 24–22 on a last-second John Hall field goal; the Raiders hosted the Jets in the Wild Card round the following Saturday and won 38–24.
A jury found in favor of the NFL in 2001, but the verdict was overturned a year later due to alleged juror misconduct.
Since 1963, the team has won 15 division titles (3 AFL and 12 NFL), 4 AFC Championships (1976, 1980, 1983, and 2002), one AFL Championship (1967), and three Super Bowl Championships: XI (1976), XV (1980), and XVIII (1983).
Bill Callahan, who served as the team's offensive coordinator and offensive line coach during Gruden's tenure, was named head coach. Under Callahan, the Raiders finished the 2002 season 11–5, won their third-straight division title, and clinched the top seed in the playoffs.
After a 1–3 start to 2008 and months of speculation and rumors, Davis fired Kiffin on September 30. ====Tom Cable==== Tom Cable was named as Kiffin's interim replacement, and subsequently signed as the 17th head coach of the Raiders on February 3, 2009. The team's finish to the 2008 season would turn out to match their best since they lost the Super Bowl in the 2002 season.
They still finished 5–11 and ended up third in the AFC West, the first time they did not finish last since 2002.
On New Year's Day of 2012, the Raiders played the San Diego Chargers, hoping to go to the playoffs for the first time since 2002, the game ended with a 38–26 loss.
Carr started all 16 games for the Raiders, the first Raider since 2002 to do so.
Davis informed his fellow NFL owners that he intended to file for relocation to Las Vegas following the end of the season. On November 28, 2016, the Raiders secured their first winning season since 2002 with a comeback win against the Carolina Panthers, and on December 18, the team clinched their first postseason berth since 2002 with a victory over the San Diego Chargers.
The Seattle Seahawks have an old rivalry with Oakland/Los Angeles/Las Vegas as well, but the rivalry largely died down when the Seahawks moved to the NFC West as part of the NFL's 2002 realignment. ===Divisional rivals=== Kansas City Chiefs The Chiefs are one of the Raiders' most iconic and longstanding divisional foes, with the rivalry dating back to the earliest days of the AFL.
The two teams met in a divisional-round playoff game in 2002, which became known as the "Tuck Rule Game".
In the 2002 season the Raiders defeated the Jets 26–20 in December, then defeated them again in the AFC Divisional Playoffs, 30–10.
Oakland defeated the Oilers in the 1980 Wild Card playoffs 27–7 and defeated the Titans in the 2002 AFC Championship Game 41–24. ====Historic battle of the Bay rivalry==== The San Francisco 49ers, located on the other side of San Francisco Bay, were the Raiders' geographic rivals during the Raiders' time in Oakland.
The younger McGah was himself a part-owner of the team, as a limited partner, and died in 2002.
After a late-season loss to the Denver Broncos, a visibly frustrated Callahan exclaimed, "We've got to be the dumbest team in America in terms of playing the game." At the end of the 2003 regular season Callahan was fired and replaced by former Washington Redskins head coach Norv Turner. ====Coaching carousel (2004–2014)==== ====Norv Turner==== The team's fortunes did not improve in Turner's first year.
Kerry Collins, who led the New York Giants to an appearance in Super Bowl XXXV and signed with Oakland after the 2003 season, became the team's starting quarterback. In an effort to bolster their offense, in early 2005 the Raiders acquired Pro Bowl wide receiver Randy Moss via trade with the Minnesota Vikings, and signed free agent running back Lamont Jordan of the New York Jets.
Several members of the McGah family filed suit against Davis in October 2003, alleging mismanagement of the team by Davis.
This valuation was made after the team's announcement of relocation to Las Vegas by 2020 and into a new stadium which moved the team's value up 19 percent. Although the team has regularly sold out since 2013, the team ranked in the bottom three in league attendance from 2003 to 2005, and failed to sell out a majority of their home games.
In 2003 these claims were dismissed on summary judgment because the relief sought would violate the Commerce Clause of the United States Constitution. ====BALCO scandal==== In 2003 a number of current and former Oakland players such as Bill Romanowski, Tyrone Wheatley, Barrett Robbins, Chris Cooper and Dana Stubblefield were named as clients of the Bay Area Laboratory Co-Operative (BALCO).
Also in 2003, journalists Lance Williams and Mark Fainaru-Wada investigated the company's role in a drug sports scandal later referred to as the BALCO Affair.
Oakland finished the 2004 season 5–11, with only one divisional win (a one-point victory over the Broncos in Denver).
The team continued to provide the financial information to the younger McGah as a courtesy, though it was under no obligation to do so. The majority of the lawsuit was dismissed in April 2004, when an Alameda County Superior Court judge ruled that the case lacked merit since none of the other partners took part in the lawsuit.
He never returned to the team and retired before the 2005 season.
Kerry Collins, who led the New York Giants to an appearance in Super Bowl XXXV and signed with Oakland after the 2003 season, became the team's starting quarterback. In an effort to bolster their offense, in early 2005 the Raiders acquired Pro Bowl wide receiver Randy Moss via trade with the Minnesota Vikings, and signed free agent running back Lamont Jordan of the New York Jets.
King died in October 2005 from complications after surgery.
In October 2005 the lawsuit was settled out of court.
This valuation was made after the team's announcement of relocation to Las Vegas by 2020 and into a new stadium which moved the team's value up 19 percent. Although the team has regularly sold out since 2013, the team ranked in the bottom three in league attendance from 2003 to 2005, and failed to sell out a majority of their home games.
From 1995 until the lifting of the policy in 2014 television blackouts of Raiders home games were common. In November 2005 the team announced that it was taking over ticket sales from the privately run Oakland Football Marketing Association (OFMA), and abolishing PSLs.
In February 2005, a California Court of Appeal unanimously upheld the original verdict. When the Raiders moved back from Los Angeles in 1995, the city of Oakland and the Oakland–Alameda County Coliseum Authority agreed to sell Personal Seat Licenses (PSLs) to help pay for the renovations to their stadium.
On November 2, 2005, a settlement was announced, part of which was the abolishment of PSLs as of the 2006 season. ====Trademark and trade dress dilution==== In 1996 the team sued the NFL in Santa Clara County, in a lawsuit that ultimately included 22 separate causes of action.
After a 4–12 season and a second consecutive last-place finish, Turner was fired as head coach. ====Art Shell returns==== On February 11, 2006, the team announced the return of Art Shell as head coach.
In announcing the move, Al Davis said that firing Shell in 1995 had been a mistake. Under Shell, the Raiders lost their first five games in 2006 en route to a 2–14 record, the team's worst since 1962.
His ownership share went down to 47% when he sold 20% of the team to Wall Street investors In 2006 it was reported that Davis had been attempting to sell the 31% ownership stake in the team obtained from the McGah family.
In February 2006 the team also announced that it would lower ticket prices for most areas of the Oakland Coliseum.
Just prior to the start of the 2006 NFL season, the Raiders revealed that they had sold 37,000 season tickets, up from 29,000 the previous year.
Despite the team's 2–14 record, they sold out six of their eight home games in 2006. ===Legal battles=== The Raiders and Al Davis have been involved in several lawsuits throughout their history, including ones against the NFL.
On November 2, 2005, a settlement was announced, part of which was the abolishment of PSLs as of the 2006 season. ====Trademark and trade dress dilution==== In 1996 the team sued the NFL in Santa Clara County, in a lawsuit that ultimately included 22 separate causes of action.
The Raiders also earned the right to the first overall pick in the 2007 NFL Draft for the first time since 1962, by virtue of having the league's worst record. ====Lane Kiffin==== On January 22, 2007, the team announced the hiring of 31-year-old USC offensive coordinator Lane Kiffin, the youngest coach in franchise history and the youngest coach in the NFL.
In the 2007 NFL Draft, the Raiders selected LSU quarterback JaMarcus Russell with the No.
Kiffin coached the Raiders to a 4–12 record in the 2007 season.
After a 1–3 start to 2008 and months of speculation and rumors, Davis fired Kiffin on September 30. ====Tom Cable==== Tom Cable was named as Kiffin's interim replacement, and subsequently signed as the 17th head coach of the Raiders on February 3, 2009. The team's finish to the 2008 season would turn out to match their best since they lost the Super Bowl in the 2002 season.
In 1971, the team again displayed black numerals and have stayed that way ever since (with the exception of the 1994 season as part of the NFL's 75th Anniversary where they donned the 1963 helmets with the 1970 silver away numbers and black lettering names). The Raiders wore their white jerseys at home for the first time in their history on September 28, 2008 against the San Diego Chargers.
While the Raiders still hold the advantage in the all-time series 63–53–2, the Broncos amassed 21 wins in 28 games, from the 1995 season and the arrival of Broncos head coach Mike Shanahan, through the 2008 season.
After a 1–3 start to 2008 and months of speculation and rumors, Davis fired Kiffin on September 30. ====Tom Cable==== Tom Cable was named as Kiffin's interim replacement, and subsequently signed as the 17th head coach of the Raiders on February 3, 2009. The team's finish to the 2008 season would turn out to match their best since they lost the Super Bowl in the 2002 season.
They would produce an identical record in 2009; the season was somewhat ameliorated by the fact that four of the Raiders' five wins were against opponents with above .500 records.
The high temperature in Oakland that day was 78°. For the 2009 season, the Raiders took part in the AFL Legacy Program and wore 1960s throwback jerseys for games against other teams from the former AFL. In the 2012 and 2013 seasons, the team wore black cleats as a tribute to Al Davis.
In September 2009, Ice Cube recorded a song for the Raiders named "Raider Nation".
On December 6, 2009, the 3–8 Raiders helped spoil the defending champions' quest for the playoffs as the game lead changed five times in the fourth quarter and a Louis Murphy touchdown with 11 seconds to go won it 27–24 for the Raiders.
In 2010 the Raiders became the first team in NFL history to go undefeated against their division yet miss the playoffs (6–0 in the AFC West, 8–8 overall, 3 games behind the Jets for the second Wild Card entry).
In 2010, Davis took part in a documentary for ESPN's 30 for 30 series titled Straight Outta L.A..
On October 24, 2010, the Raiders beat the Broncos (59–14), giving the Raiders the most points scored in a game in the team's history.
On October 10, 2010, the Raiders ended their 13-game losing streak to the San Diego Chargers with a score of 35–27.
Oakland was then beaten 35–3 by Pittsburgh on November 21, 2010; this game brought out the roughness of the rivalry's 1970s history when Steelers quarterback Ben Roethlisberger was punched by Raiders defensive end Richard Seymour following a touchdown.
As of the end of the NFL's 2020 season, the Raiders have an all-time regular season record of 481 wins, 440 losses, and 11 ties; their all-time playoff record currently stands at 25 wins and 19 losses. Al Davis owned the team from 1972 until his death in 2011.
On January 4, 2011, owner Al Davis informed head coach Tom Cable that his contract would not be renewed, ending his tenure with the organization.
Many Raider players, such as punter Shane Lechler, were upset with the decision. ====Hue Jackson and death of Al Davis==== On January 17, 2011, it was announced that offensive coordinator Hue Jackson was going to be the next Raiders head coach.
A press conference was held on January 18, 2011, to formally introduce Jackson as the next Raiders head coach, the fifth in just seven years.
Following Davis's death during the 2011 season, new owners Carol and Mark Davis decided to take the franchise in a drastically different direction by hiring a general manager.
Fans and players of the winning team could claim "bragging rights" as the better team in the area. On August 20, 2011, in the third week of the preseason, the preseason game between the rivals was marked by fights in restrooms and stands at Candlestick Park, including a shooting outside the stadium in which several were injured.
Although exact ownership stakes are not known, it has been reported that Davis owned 47% of the team shares before his death in 2011. Ed McGah, the last of the original eight general partners of the Raiders, died in September 1983.
He was unsuccessful in this effort, reportedly because the sale would not give the purchaser any control of the Raiders, even in the event of Davis's death. Al Davis died on October 8, 2011, at age 82.
On New Year's Day of 2012, the Raiders played the San Diego Chargers, hoping to go to the playoffs for the first time since 2002, the game ended with a 38–26 loss.
Their season ended with another disappointing 8–8 record. ====Dennis Allen==== The Raiders named Green Bay Packers director of football operations Reggie McKenzie as the team's first general manager since Al Davis on January 6, 2012. The Raiders began 2012 by running a nose tackle when they run a 4-3 defense.
The high temperature in Oakland that day was 78°. For the 2009 season, the Raiders took part in the AFL Legacy Program and wore 1960s throwback jerseys for games against other teams from the former AFL. In the 2012 and 2013 seasons, the team wore black cleats as a tribute to Al Davis.
In 2012, Ice Cube wrote another song for the Raiders as part of Pepsi's NFL Anthems campaign, "Come and Get It".
It was released on September 14, 2012. ==Cheerleaders== The Las Vegas Raiderettes are the cheerleading squad for the Las Vegas Raiders.
Oakland currently has defeated Kansas City just twice since the 2012 NFL season.
They lost their home opener on Monday Night Football against San Diego 22–14, and finished the season 4–12. In the 2013 off-season, the Raiders began making major roster moves.
The Raiders finished the 2013 season with a record of 4–12. In the 2014 NFL Draft, the Raiders selected linebacker Khalil Mack in the first round and quarterback Derek Carr in the second round hoping each would anchor their side of the ball.
The high temperature in Oakland that day was 78°. For the 2009 season, the Raiders took part in the AFL Legacy Program and wore 1960s throwback jerseys for games against other teams from the former AFL. In the 2012 and 2013 seasons, the team wore black cleats as a tribute to Al Davis.
The Raiders lost the 37–27 on December 8, 2013, but won the most recent matchup 20–34 on November 1, 2015. ====Other AFC rivals==== Rivalries that have waned in recent years have been with the Miami Dolphins and Houston Oilers/Tennessee Titans.
This valuation was made after the team's announcement of relocation to Las Vegas by 2020 and into a new stadium which moved the team's value up 19 percent. Although the team has regularly sold out since 2013, the team ranked in the bottom three in league attendance from 2003 to 2005, and failed to sell out a majority of their home games.
The Raiders finished the 2013 season with a record of 4–12. In the 2014 NFL Draft, the Raiders selected linebacker Khalil Mack in the first round and quarterback Derek Carr in the second round hoping each would anchor their side of the ball.
Carr was given control early as he was chosen as the starter for the opener of the 2014 season.
After an 0–4 start to the 2014 season, and an 8–28 overall record as head coach, Allen was fired.
The Raiders finished the 2014 season with a record of 3–13.
The Raiders finished 4–12 and in last place in the AFC West for the first time since 2014.
The team reverted to white cleats in 2014. In the 2016 season, the Raiders brought back their classic white jerseys with silver numerals as part of the NFL Color Rush initiative.
Until October 19, 2017 - when they defeated the Chiefs, 31–30 on a game-tying touchdown on the last play of the game, leading to a game-winning PAT - the Raiders had lost five straight to the Chiefs, their previous win against them being in the 2014 season. Denver Broncos The Raiders' rivalry with the Broncos, is considered to be one of the most heated and well-known rivalries in NFL history.
From 1995 until the lifting of the policy in 2014 television blackouts of Raiders home games were common. In November 2005 the team announced that it was taking over ticket sales from the privately run Oakland Football Marketing Association (OFMA), and abolishing PSLs.
DE Khalil Mack was the first player ever to be selected as an AP 2015 All-Pro Team at two positions in the same year. The day following the conclusion of the 2015 regular season, the Raiders, St.
On December 13, 2015, the Raiders pulled a huge upset on the Broncos (15–12) by a spectacular performance from their defense allowing 4 field goals.
On November 8, 2015, the Steelers outplayed the Raiders for a 38–35 victory.
The Raiders lost the 37–27 on December 8, 2013, but won the most recent matchup 20–34 on November 1, 2015. ====Other AFC rivals==== Rivalries that have waned in recent years have been with the Miami Dolphins and Houston Oilers/Tennessee Titans.
On January 12, 2016, the NFL owners voted 30–2 to allow the Rams to return to L.A.
The Chargers eventually announced on January 12, 2017, that they would exercise their option to relocate to Los Angeles following the failure of a November 2016 ballot initiative to fund a new stadium in San Diego.
By mid-February 2016, the team had worked out a one-year lease agreement with the City of Oakland to play at O.co Coliseum with the option for a second one-year lease. In late January 2016 billionaire Sheldon Adelson, president and CEO of the Las Vegas Sands Corporation casino empire, proposed a new domed stadium in Las Vegas to potentially house the University of Nevada, Las Vegas football team and a possible NFL team.
Davis informed his fellow NFL owners that he intended to file for relocation to Las Vegas following the end of the season. On November 28, 2016, the Raiders secured their first winning season since 2002 with a comeback win against the Carolina Panthers, and on December 18, the team clinched their first postseason berth since 2002 with a victory over the San Diego Chargers.
On December 20, 2016, the NFL announced that the Raiders would have seven Pro Bowl selections: Khalil Mack, Derek Carr, Amari Cooper, Donald Penn, Kelechi Osemele, Rodney Hudson and Reggie Nelson.
This was the most selections for the team since 1991, and the most for any team in the 2016 NFL season. As the fifth seed in the AFC in the 2016 NFL playoffs, the Raiders faced the Houston Texans in the opening Wild Card round.
The team reverted to white cleats in 2014. In the 2016 season, the Raiders brought back their classic white jerseys with silver numerals as part of the NFL Color Rush initiative.
On March 27, 2017, NFL team owners voted nearly unanimously to approve the Raiders' application to relocate to Las Vegas.
The Chargers eventually announced on January 12, 2017, that they would exercise their option to relocate to Los Angeles following the failure of a November 2016 ballot initiative to fund a new stadium in San Diego.
With significant injuries hampering the team, including the loss of starting quarterback Carr in the second to last regular-season game, they lost to the Texans 27–14. The Raiders filed paperwork with the NFL on January 19, 2017, to relocate the club from Oakland to Las Vegas, Nevada by the 2020 season.
The vote for the team's relocation took place on March 27, 2017, and the NFL approved the Raiders' relocation to Las Vegas by a 31–1 vote.
Subsequently, the team announced that it would continue to be known as the Oakland Raiders for the 2017 and 2018 NFL seasons and play its games in Oakland for at least those two seasons. Prior to the 2017 season, the Raiders signed quarterback Derek Carr to a then-NFL record contract extension of five years, $125 million.
Following their first trip to the playoffs in 14 years, the Raiders expected bigger things in 2017, with a return to the playoffs seeming likely.
On December 31, 2017, following a loss to the Los Angeles Chargers in Week 17, head coach Del Rio was fired by Mark Davis after being granted a four-year contract extension prior to the season. ====Jon Gruden returns==== On January 6, 2018, the team announced the return of Jon Gruden as head coach.
Until their dismissal prior to the 2018 season, Greg Papa was the voice of the Raiders with former Raiders quarterback and coach Tom Flores doing commentary from 1997 to 2017. In June 2017, it was announced that Beasley Media Group signed a two-year deal as the Las Vegas flagship radio partner of the Raiders.
Beasley's stations KCYE (102.7) "The Coyote" and KDWN (720) began carrying all preseason and regular season games in the 2017 season.
Until October 19, 2017 - when they defeated the Chiefs, 31–30 on a game-tying touchdown on the last play of the game, leading to a game-winning PAT - the Raiders had lost five straight to the Chiefs, their previous win against them being in the 2014 season. Denver Broncos The Raiders' rivalry with the Broncos, is considered to be one of the most heated and well-known rivalries in NFL history.
After Davis' death, Raiders chief executive Amy Trask said that the team "will remain in the Davis family." Al and Carol's son, Mark, inherited his father's old post as managing general partner and serves as the public face of the ownership. ===Financial operations=== According to a 2017 report released by Forbes Magazine, the Raiders' overall team value is US 2.38 billion ranked 19th out of 32 NFL teams.
Subsequently, the team announced that it would continue to be known as the Oakland Raiders for the 2017 and 2018 NFL seasons and play its games in Oakland for at least those two seasons. Prior to the 2017 season, the Raiders signed quarterback Derek Carr to a then-NFL record contract extension of five years, $125 million.
On December 31, 2017, following a loss to the Los Angeles Chargers in Week 17, head coach Del Rio was fired by Mark Davis after being granted a four-year contract extension prior to the season. ====Jon Gruden returns==== On January 6, 2018, the team announced the return of Jon Gruden as head coach.
During the 2018 season the Raiders fired general manager Reggie McKenzie, replacing him with NFL Network's draft expert Mike Mayock for the 2019 season.
Until their dismissal prior to the 2018 season, Greg Papa was the voice of the Raiders with former Raiders quarterback and coach Tom Flores doing commentary from 1997 to 2017. In June 2017, it was announced that Beasley Media Group signed a two-year deal as the Las Vegas flagship radio partner of the Raiders.
In 2018, Thursday games moved to KTVU and KVVU-TV in Oakland and Las Vegas, respectively, formerly airing on either NBC or CBS prior to 2018.
The Raiders hold the overall series advantage at 63–54–2. ===Historical rivals=== ====Pittsburgh Steelers==== The Pittsburgh Steelers' rivalry with the Raiders has historically been very tight; as of the 2018 season the Raiders lead the regular-season series 13 wins to 10, and their playoff rivalry is tied 3–3.
In 2018, the Raiders upset the Steelers again, scoring a late touchdown to take a 24–21 fourth-quarter lead and getting the last laugh when Steelers kicker Chris Boswell slipped and missed a game-tying field goal.
The NFL has decided to cancel all future preseason games between the Raiders and 49ers. The series ended on November 1, 2018, during a Thursday Night Football broadcast at Levi's Stadium, marking the last time both teams would meet before the Raiders moved to their new home in Las Vegas.
During the 2018 season the Raiders fired general manager Reggie McKenzie, replacing him with NFL Network's draft expert Mike Mayock for the 2019 season.
The Raider Nation is also known for the Black Hole, originally a specific area of the Coliseum (sections 104–107) frequented by the team's rowdiest and most fervent fans from 1995 until 2019. Al Davis created the phrase Raider Nation in 1968.
Beginning with the 2019 season, the Raiders' Las Vegas flagship station became "93.1 The Mountain" KYMT.
Nearly three years later, on January 22, 2020, the Raiders moved to Las Vegas. The Raiders' off-field fortunes have varied considerably over the years.
As of the end of the NFL's 2020 season, the Raiders have an all-time regular season record of 481 wins, 440 losses, and 11 ties; their all-time playoff record currently stands at 25 wins and 19 losses. Al Davis owned the team from 1972 until his death in 2011.
With significant injuries hampering the team, including the loss of starting quarterback Carr in the second to last regular-season game, they lost to the Texans 27–14. The Raiders filed paperwork with the NFL on January 19, 2017, to relocate the club from Oakland to Las Vegas, Nevada by the 2020 season.
The next year, in what would be the last season of the team's second tenure in Oakland, the team posted a three-game turnaround with a 7–9 record. ===Las Vegas era (2020–present)=== On January 22, 2020, it was announced that the Raiders had relocated to Las Vegas. ==Championships== ===AFL championships=== The Raiders finished the 1967 season with a 13–1–0 record and won the 1967 AFL Championship.
After looking into a variety of options in the Bay Area, Los Angeles and elsewhere the team ultimately relocated to the Las Vegas area in 2020 where Allegiant Stadium was finishing construction.
This valuation was made after the team's announcement of relocation to Las Vegas by 2020 and into a new stadium which moved the team's value up 19 percent. Although the team has regularly sold out since 2013, the team ranked in the bottom three in league attendance from 2003 to 2005, and failed to sell out a majority of their home games.
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