These companies introduced the concept of directory services to information technology and computer networking, their input culminating in the comprehensive X.500 specification, a suite of protocols produced by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) in the 1980s. X.500 directory services were traditionally accessed via the X.500 Directory Access Protocol (DAP), which required the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) protocol stack.
This model of directory access was borrowed from the DIXIE and Directory Assistance Service protocols. The protocol was originally created by Tim Howes of the University of Michigan, Steve Kille of Isode Limited, Colin Robbins of Nexor and Wengyik Yeong of Performance Systems International, circa 1993, as a successor to DIXIE and DAS.
LDAPv3, first published in 1997, superseded LDAPv2 and added support for extensibility, integrated the Simple Authentication and Security Layer, and better aligned the protocol to the 1993 edition of X.500.
This usage has been deprecated along with LDAPv2, which was officially retired in 2003. ==Directory structure== The protocol provides an interface with directories that follow the 1993 edition of the X.500 model: An entry consists of a set of attributes. An attribute has a name (an attribute type or attribute description) and one or more values.
X.680, "Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1) - Specification of Basic Notation", 1994 Basic encoding rules (BER) - ITU-T Rec.
X.690, "Specification of ASN.1 encoding rules: Basic, Canonical, and Distinguished Encoding Rules", 1994 RFC 3641 - Generic String Encoding Rules (GSER) for ASN.1 Types RFC 4346 - The TLS Protocol Version 1.1 RFC 4422 - Simple Authentication and Security Layer (SASL) SASL mechanisms registered at IANA ==Further reading== ==External links== List of public LDAP Servers (2013): Application layer protocols Directory services Internet protocols Internet Standards Open Group standards
Mark Wahl of Critical Angle Inc., Tim Howes, and Steve Kille started work in 1996 on a new version of LDAP, LDAPv3, under the aegis of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF).
LDAPv3, first published in 1997, superseded LDAPv2 and added support for extensibility, integrated the Simple Authentication and Security Layer, and better aligned the protocol to the 1993 edition of X.500.
This usage has been deprecated along with LDAPv2, which was officially retired in 2003. ==Directory structure== The protocol provides an interface with directories that follow the 1993 edition of the X.500 model: An entry consists of a set of attributes. An attribute has a name (an attribute type or attribute description) and one or more values.
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