Disappeared from only known location in the 1980s. Atitlán grebe, Podilymbus gigas (Lake Atitlán, Guatemala, 1989) === Cathartiformes === "Painted vulture", Sarcoramphus sacra (Florida, United States, late 18th century?) * A bird supposedly similar to the king vulture identified by William Bartram on his travels in the 1770s.
(Saint Paul Island, South Indian Ocean, c.1800) Only known by a painting from 1793.
vekamatolu (Vava'u, Tonga, early 19th century?) This bird is known only from a drawing by the 1793 Malaspina expedition, apparently depicting a species of Gallirallus.
Extinct by 1800, or it may have been a vagrant of an extant species. ===Podicipediformes=== Grebes Colombian grebe, Podiceps andinus (Bogotá area, Colombia, 1977) Alaotra grebe, Tachybaptus rufolavatus (Lake Alaotra, Madagascar, 1985) Officially declared extinct in 2010, 25 years after the last official sighting.
Introduced rats might have killed it off in the late 17th century. Spotted green pigeon, "Caloenas" maculata (South Pacific or Indian Ocean islands, 1820s) Also known as the Liverpool pigeon, the only known specimen has been in Liverpool's World Museum since 1851, and was probably collected on a Pacific island for Edward Stanley, 13th Earl of Derby.
Might have survived to the mid-18th century. Mascarene parrot, Mascarinus mascarin (Réunion and possibly Mauritius, Mascarenes, 1834?) Last known individual was a captive bird which was alive before 1834. Broad-billed parrot, Lophopsittacus mauritianus (Mauritius, Mascarenes, 1680?) May have survived to the late 18th century. Rodrigues parrot, Necropsittacus rodericanus (Rodrigues, Mascarenes, late 18th century) The species N.
Introduced rats might have killed it off in the late 17th century. Spotted green pigeon, "Caloenas" maculata (South Pacific or Indian Ocean islands, 1820s) Also known as the Liverpool pigeon, the only known specimen has been in Liverpool's World Museum since 1851, and was probably collected on a Pacific island for Edward Stanley, 13th Earl of Derby.
Might be identical with the Amsterdam wigeon or a distinct species or subspecies. Mascarene teal, Anas theodori (Mauritius and Réunion, Mascarenes, late 1690s) Mariana mallard, Anas oustaleti (Marianas, West Pacific, 1981) Finsch's duck, Chenonetta finschi (New Zealand, possibly survived to 1870) Réunion pochard, Aythya cf.
It is not clear whether the birds represent a distinct taxon or derive from a prehistoric introduction by Polynesian seafarers. New Zealand quail, Coturnix novaezelandiae (New Zealand, 1875) Himalayan quail, Ophrysia superciliosa (North India, late 19th century?) Officially critically endangered.
(Raoul, Kermadec Islands, 1876) A megapode is said to have inhabited Raoul Island until the population was wiped out in a volcanic eruption.
Not recorded with certainty since 1876, but thorough surveys are still required, and there was a recent set of possible (though unlikely) sightings around Naini Tal in 2003.
It is possible but unlikely that the species survived on ʻEua until the 19th century. Seychelles parakeet, Psittacula wardi (Seychelles, W Indian Ocean, 1883) Newton's parakeet, Psittacula exsul (Rodrigues, Mascarenes, c. 1875) Mascarene grey parakeet, Psittacula bensoni (Mauritius, possible Réunion as Psittacula cf bensoni).
Only known from two specimens taken in 1891.
paepae. North Island takahē, Porphyrio mantelli, known from subfossil bones found in New Zealand's North Island; may have survived to 1894 or later. New Caledonian gallinule, Porphyrio kukwiedei from New Caledonia, Melanesia, may have survived into historic times.
In the lower right corner of Paul Gauguin's 1902 painting Le Sorcier d'Hiva Oa ou le Marquisien à la cape rouge there is a bird which resembles native descriptions of P.
No such birds are known to exist there today. Guadalupe storm petrel, Oceanodroma macrodactyla (Guadalupe, East Pacific, 1910s) Officially critically endangered, possibly extinct, but a thorough survey in 2000 concluded the species was certainly extinct. Imber's petrel, Pterodroma imberi Described from subfossil remains from the Chatham Islands, became apparently extinct in the early 19th century. ===Sphenisciformes=== Penguins The Chatham penguin, Eudyptes sp.
The last individual, Martha, died in the Cincinnati Zoo in 1914. Bonin wood pigeon, Columba versicolor (Nakodo-jima and Chichi-jima, Ogasawara Islands, c. 1890) Ryukyu wood pigeon, Columba jouyi (Okinawa and Daito Islands, Northwest Pacific, late 1930s) Réunion pink pigeon, Nesoenas duboisi (Réunion, Mascarenes, c. 1700) Formerly in Streptopelia.
novaeseelandiae (New Caledonia, Melanesia) Known only from prehistoric bones, but might still survive. Laughing owl, Sceloglaux albifacies (New Zealand, 1914?) Two subspecies, S.
albifacies (South Island and Stewart Island, extinct 1914?) and S.
1930?) Although the date of the last captive bird's death in the Cincinnati Zoo, 1918, is generally given as its extinction date, there are convincing reports of some wild populations persisting until later.
carolinensis (Carolina parakeet, east and south of the Appalachian range–extinct 1918 or c.
leucoptera (Mangareva, Gambier Islands, 20th century?) A wing of a carcass similar to Gould's petrel was recovered on Mangareva in 1922, where it possibly bred.
If not extinct, this species is very rare, but the ongoing civil war prevents comprehensive surveys. Norfolk ground dove, Gallicolumba norfolciensis (Norfolk Island, Southwest Pacific, c. 1800) Tanna ground dove, Gallicolumba ferruginea (Tanna, Vanuatu, late 18th-19th century) Only known from descriptions of two now-lost specimens. Thick-billed ground dove, Gallicolumba salamonis (Makira and Ramos, Solomon Islands, mid-20th century?) Last recorded in 1927, only two specimens exist.
Compare Puerto Rican nightjar and preceding. Vaurie's nightjar (Caprimulgus centralasicus) is only known from a single 1929 specimen from Xinjiang, China.
The last individual, Martha, died in the Cincinnati Zoo in 1914. Bonin wood pigeon, Columba versicolor (Nakodo-jima and Chichi-jima, Ogasawara Islands, c. 1890) Ryukyu wood pigeon, Columba jouyi (Okinawa and Daito Islands, Northwest Pacific, late 1930s) Réunion pink pigeon, Nesoenas duboisi (Réunion, Mascarenes, c. 1700) Formerly in Streptopelia.
The last specimen was killed in 1681, only 80 years after the arrival of the new predators. Rodrigues solitaire, Pezophaps solitaria (Rodrigues, Mascarenes, c. 1730) ===Psittaciformes=== Parrots Sinú parakeet, Pyrrhura subandina (Colombia, mid-20th century?) This bird has a very restricted distribution and was last reliably recorded in 1949.
tristrami of Hiva Oa. Negros fruit dove, Ptilinopus arcanus (Negros, Philippines, late 20th century?) Known only from one specimen taken at the only documented sighting in 1953, the validity of this species has been questioned, but no good alternative to distinct species status has been proposed.
Known from a 1602 sketch by Captain Willem van Westzanen and by subfossil bones described by David Thomas Holyoak in 1973.
Extinct by 1800, or it may have been a vagrant of an extant species. ===Podicipediformes=== Grebes Colombian grebe, Podiceps andinus (Bogotá area, Colombia, 1977) Alaotra grebe, Tachybaptus rufolavatus (Lake Alaotra, Madagascar, 1985) Officially declared extinct in 2010, 25 years after the last official sighting.
Disappeared from only known location in the 1980s. Atitlán grebe, Podilymbus gigas (Lake Atitlán, Guatemala, 1989) === Cathartiformes === "Painted vulture", Sarcoramphus sacra (Florida, United States, late 18th century?) * A bird supposedly similar to the king vulture identified by William Bartram on his travels in the 1770s.
Habitat destruction represents currently the biggest threat, while island populations are threatened by introduced mammalian predators, notably dogs, cats, pigs and mongooses. Jamaican poorwill, Siphonorhis americana (Jamaica, West Indies, late 19th century?) Reports of unidentifiable nightjars from the 1980s in habitat appropriate for S.
Might be identical with the Amsterdam wigeon or a distinct species or subspecies. Mascarene teal, Anas theodori (Mauritius and Réunion, Mascarenes, late 1690s) Mariana mallard, Anas oustaleti (Marianas, West Pacific, 1981) Finsch's duck, Chenonetta finschi (New Zealand, possibly survived to 1870) Réunion pochard, Aythya cf.
Officially critically endangered due to unconfirmed reports made between 1985 and 1991. Réunion sheldgoose, Alopochen kervazoi (Réunion, Mascarenes, c.1690s) Mauritius sheldgoose, Alopochen mauritianus (Mauritius, Mascarenes, c.1695) Amsterdam wigeon, Mareca marecula (Amsterdam Island, South Indian Ocean, c.1800) Saint Paul Island duck, Anas sp.
Extinct by 1800, or it may have been a vagrant of an extant species. ===Podicipediformes=== Grebes Colombian grebe, Podiceps andinus (Bogotá area, Colombia, 1977) Alaotra grebe, Tachybaptus rufolavatus (Lake Alaotra, Madagascar, 1985) Officially declared extinct in 2010, 25 years after the last official sighting.
Research into this possibility is currently underway; pending further information, it is classified as critically endangered, possibly extinct. Cuban pauraque, Siphonorhis daiquiri (Cuba, West Indies, prehistoric?) Described from subfossil bones in 1985.
Disappeared from only known location in the 1980s. Atitlán grebe, Podilymbus gigas (Lake Atitlán, Guatemala, 1989) === Cathartiformes === "Painted vulture", Sarcoramphus sacra (Florida, United States, late 18th century?) * A bird supposedly similar to the king vulture identified by William Bartram on his travels in the 1770s.
It has been suggested that this bird came from Tahiti based on native lore about a somewhat similar extinct bird called the titi, but this has not been verified. Sulu bleeding-heart, Gallicolumba menagei (Tawitawi, Philippines, late 1990s?) Officially listed as critically endangered.
Officially critically endangered due to unconfirmed reports made between 1985 and 1991. Réunion sheldgoose, Alopochen kervazoi (Réunion, Mascarenes, c.1690s) Mauritius sheldgoose, Alopochen mauritianus (Mauritius, Mascarenes, c.1695) Amsterdam wigeon, Mareca marecula (Amsterdam Island, South Indian Ocean, c.1800) Saint Paul Island duck, Anas sp.
There have been a number of unconfirmed reports from all over the Sulu Archipelago in 1995, however, these reports stated that the bird had suddenly undergone a massive decline, and by now, habitat destruction is almost complete.
No such birds are known to exist there today. Guadalupe storm petrel, Oceanodroma macrodactyla (Guadalupe, East Pacific, 1910s) Officially critically endangered, possibly extinct, but a thorough survey in 2000 concluded the species was certainly extinct. Imber's petrel, Pterodroma imberi Described from subfossil remains from the Chatham Islands, became apparently extinct in the early 19th century. ===Sphenisciformes=== Penguins The Chatham penguin, Eudyptes sp.
One possible record in 2002 does not seem to have been repeated. Mauritius blue pigeon, Alectroenas nitidissima (Mauritius, Mascarenes, c. 1830s) Farquhar blue pigeon, Alectroenas sp.
Not recorded with certainty since 1876, but thorough surveys are still required, and there was a recent set of possible (though unlikely) sightings around Naini Tal in 2003.
A few birds were recorded in 2004, following several decades of increasing rarity.
It was not found during searches in 2004 and 2006 and seems to be extinct; efforts to find it again continue, but are hampered by the threat of armed conflict. New Caledonian lorikeet, Charmosyna diadema (New Caledonia, Melanesia, mid-20th century?) Officially critically endangered, there have been no reliable reports of this bird since the early 20th century.
Declared extinct in 2005. Choiseul pigeon, Microgoura meeki (Choiseul, Solomon Islands, early 20th century) Red-moustached fruit dove, Ptilinopus mercierii (Nuku Hiva and Hiva Oa, Marquesas, mid-20th century) Two subspecies, the little-known P.
It was not found during searches in 2004 and 2006 and seems to be extinct; efforts to find it again continue, but are hampered by the threat of armed conflict. New Caledonian lorikeet, Charmosyna diadema (New Caledonia, Melanesia, mid-20th century?) Officially critically endangered, there have been no reliable reports of this bird since the early 20th century.
There was an unconfirmed sighting in Albania in 2007.
Extinct by 1800, or it may have been a vagrant of an extant species. ===Podicipediformes=== Grebes Colombian grebe, Podiceps andinus (Bogotá area, Colombia, 1977) Alaotra grebe, Tachybaptus rufolavatus (Lake Alaotra, Madagascar, 1985) Officially declared extinct in 2010, 25 years after the last official sighting.
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