Stalin continued to increase his influence in the party, and by the end of the 1920s he became the sole dictator of the USSR, defeating all his political opponents.
After the failed August 1991 coup, the Vice President was replaced by an elected member of the State Council of the Soviet Union. == Summary == Vladimir Lenin was voted the Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Soviet Union (Sovnarkom) on 30 December 1922 by the Congress of Soviets.
The dismantling of the principal defining features of Soviet Communism in 1988 and 1989 in the Soviet Union led to the unintended consequence of the Soviet Union breaking up after the failed August 1991 coup led by Gennady Yanayev. == List of leaders == The following list includes persons who held the top leadership position of the Soviet Union from its founding in 1922 until its 1991 dissolution.
At the age of 53, his health declined from effects of two bullet wounds, later aggravated by three strokes which culminated with his death in 1924.
As leader of the Politburo, Stalin consolidated near-absolute power by 1938 after the Great Purge, a series of campaigns of political murder, repression and persecution.
Nazi German troops invaded the Soviet Union in June 1941, but by December the Soviet Army managed to stop the attack just shy of Moscow.
On Stalin's orders, the Soviet Union launched a counter-attack on Nazi Germany which finally succeeded in 1945.
The post of the General Secretary was abolished in 1952 under Stalin and later re-established by Nikita Khrushchev under the name of First Secretary.
Stalin died in March 1953 and his death triggered a power struggle in which Nikita Khrushchev after several years emerged victorious against Georgy Malenkov. Khrushchev denounced Stalin on two occasions, first in 1956 and then in 1962.
Stalin died in March 1953 and his death triggered a power struggle in which Nikita Khrushchev after several years emerged victorious against Georgy Malenkov. Khrushchev denounced Stalin on two occasions, first in 1956 and then in 1962.
A group known as Anti-Party Group tried to oust Khrushchev from office in 1957, but it failed.
The Soviet Union in the post-Khrushchev 1960s was governed by a collective leadership.
Stalin died in March 1953 and his death triggered a power struggle in which Nikita Khrushchev after several years emerged victorious against Georgy Malenkov. Khrushchev denounced Stalin on two occasions, first in 1956 and then in 1962.
On the orders of the Politburo, Mikoyan was forced to retire in 1965 and Nikolai Podgorny took over the office of Chairman of the Presidium.
In 1966, Leonid Brezhnev reverted the office title to its former name.
Kissinger, the American National Security Advisor, mistakenly believed that Kosygin was the leader of the Soviet Union and that he was at the helm of Soviet foreign policy because he represented the Soviet Union at the 1967 Glassboro Summit Conference.
Under the 1977 Constitution, the Chairman of the Council of Ministers, or Premier, was the [of government] and the Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet was the [of state].
Yuri Andropov (aged 68 at the time) succeeded Brezhnev in his post as General Secretary in 1982.
In 1983, Andropov was hospitalised and rarely met up at work to chair the politburo meetings due to his declining health.
His rule lasted for little more than a year until his death thirteen months later on 10 March 1985. At the age of 54, Mikhail Gorbachev was elected to the General Secretariat by the Politburo on 11 March 1985.
In May 1985, Gorbachev publicly admitted the slowing down of the economic development and inadequate living standards, being the first Soviet leader to do so while also beginning a series of fundamental reforms.
From 1986 to around 1988, he dismantled central planning, allowed state enterprises to set their own outputs, enabled private investment in businesses not previously permitted to be privately owned and allowed foreign investment, among other measures.
From 1986 to around 1988, he dismantled central planning, allowed state enterprises to set their own outputs, enabled private investment in businesses not previously permitted to be privately owned and allowed foreign investment, among other measures.
The dismantling of the principal defining features of Soviet Communism in 1988 and 1989 in the Soviet Union led to the unintended consequence of the Soviet Union breaking up after the failed August 1991 coup led by Gennady Yanayev. == List of leaders == The following list includes persons who held the top leadership position of the Soviet Union from its founding in 1922 until its 1991 dissolution.
The dismantling of the principal defining features of Soviet Communism in 1988 and 1989 in the Soviet Union led to the unintended consequence of the Soviet Union breaking up after the failed August 1991 coup led by Gennady Yanayev. == List of leaders == The following list includes persons who held the top leadership position of the Soviet Union from its founding in 1922 until its 1991 dissolution.
Being the head of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, the office of the General Secretary was the highest in the Soviet Union until 1990.
The President of the Soviet Union, an office created in March 1990, replaced the General Secretary as the highest Soviet political office. Contemporaneously to the establishment of the office of the President, representatives of the Congress of People's Deputies voted to remove Article 6 from the Soviet Constitution which stated that the Soviet Union was a one-party state controlled by the Communist Party which in turn played the leading role in society.
After the failed August 1991 coup, the Vice President was replaced by an elected member of the State Council of the Soviet Union. == Summary == Vladimir Lenin was voted the Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Soviet Union (Sovnarkom) on 30 December 1922 by the Congress of Soviets.
The dismantling of the principal defining features of Soviet Communism in 1988 and 1989 in the Soviet Union led to the unintended consequence of the Soviet Union breaking up after the failed August 1991 coup led by Gennady Yanayev. == List of leaders == The following list includes persons who held the top leadership position of the Soviet Union from its founding in 1922 until its 1991 dissolution.
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