Turtle graphics were added to the Logo language by Seymour Papert in the late 1960s to support Papert's version of the turtle robot, a simple robot controlled from the user's workstation that is designed to carry out the drawing functions assigned to it using a small retractable pen set into or attached to the robot's body. As a practical matter, the use of turtle geometry instead of a more traditional model mimics the actual movement logic of the turtle robot.
Logo is an educational programming language, designed in 1967 by Wally Feurzeig, Seymour Papert, and Cynthia Solomon.
Logo is not case-sensitive but retains the case used for formatting purposes. ==History== Logo was created in 1967 at Bolt, Beranek and Newman (BBN), a Cambridge, Massachusetts research firm, by Wally Feurzeig, Cynthia Solomon, and Seymour Papert.
It is currently available for Windows, macOS and Linux. 1967 in robotics Dynamically typed programming languages Domain-specific programming languages Educational programming languages Free educational software Functional languages Lisp programming language family Logo programming language family Programming languages Programming languages created in 1967 Robot programming languages
The earliest year-long school users of Logo were in 1968–69 at Muzzey Jr.
The use of virtual Turtles allowed for immediate visual feedback and debugging of graphic programming. The first working Logo turtle robot was created in 1969.
The virtual and physical turtles were first used by fifth-graders at the Bridge School in the same city in 1970–71. ==Turtle and graphics== Logo's most-known feature is the turtle (derived originally from a robot of the same name), an on-screen "cursor" that showed output from commands for movement and small retractable pen, together producing line graphics.
It was implemented on the Apple II computing platform and was used in American and other grade schools in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Lego Logo is a precursor to Scratch. === Acornsoft Logo === Acornsoft Logo is a commercial implementation of Logo for the 8-bit BBC Micro and Acorn Electron computers.
(LCSI), were the most broadly used and prevalent early implementations of Logo that peaked in the early to mid-1980s. Aquarius LOGO was released in 1982 on cartridge by Mattel for the Aquarius home computer. Atari Logo was released on cartridge by Atari for the Atari 8-bit family. Color Logo was released in 1983 on cartridge (26-2722) and disk (26-2721) by Tandy for the TRS-80 Color Computer. Commodore Logo was released, with the subtitle "A Language for Learning", by Commodore Electronics.
(LCSI), were the most broadly used and prevalent early implementations of Logo that peaked in the early to mid-1980s. Aquarius LOGO was released in 1982 on cartridge by Mattel for the Aquarius home computer. Atari Logo was released on cartridge by Atari for the Atari 8-bit family. Color Logo was released in 1983 on cartridge (26-2722) and disk (26-2721) by Tandy for the TRS-80 Color Computer. Commodore Logo was released, with the subtitle "A Language for Learning", by Commodore Electronics.
The Commodore 64 version (C64105) was released on diskette in 1983; the Plus/4 version (T263001) was released on cartridge in 1984. ExperLogo was released in 1985 on floppy by Expertelligence Inc.
The Commodore 64 version (C64105) was released on diskette in 1983; the Plus/4 version (T263001) was released on cartridge in 1984. ExperLogo was released in 1985 on floppy by Expertelligence Inc.
The Commodore 64 version (C64105) was released on diskette in 1983; the Plus/4 version (T263001) was released on cartridge in 1984. ExperLogo was released in 1985 on floppy by Expertelligence Inc.
Logo was developed by Digital Research and distributed in computers including the IBM PCjr and the Amstrad CPC. Acornsoft Logo was released in 1985 for the BBC Micro and Acorn Electron. In February 1990, Electron User published Timothy Grantham's simple implementation of Logo for the Acorn Electron under the article "Talking Turtle". LibreLogo is an extension to some versions of LibreOffice.
Logo was developed by Digital Research and distributed in computers including the IBM PCjr and the Amstrad CPC. Acornsoft Logo was released in 1985 for the BBC Micro and Acorn Electron. In February 1990, Electron User published Timothy Grantham's simple implementation of Logo for the Acorn Electron under the article "Talking Turtle". LibreLogo is an extension to some versions of LibreOffice.
It was implemented on the Apple II computing platform and was used in American and other grade schools in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Lego Logo is a precursor to Scratch. === Acornsoft Logo === Acornsoft Logo is a commercial implementation of Logo for the 8-bit BBC Micro and Acorn Electron computers.
(LCSI), for their then-new IBM PC. UCBLogo, also known as Berkeley Logo, is a free, cross-platform implementation of standard Logo last released in 2009.
Released in 2012, it is written in Python.
It allows vector graphics to be written in Writer. At least two web-based implementations using Berkeley Logo, HTML5, CSS3 and JQuery can be found. POOL is a dialect of Logo with object-oriented extensions, implemented in 2014.
In March 2020, there were counted 308 implementations and dialects of Logo, each with its own strengths.
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