It now serves as a staple of Zubrin's speaking engagements and general advocacy as head of the Mars Society, an organization devoted to the colonization of Mars. ==History== ===Space Exploration Initiative=== On July 20, 1989, US President George H.
It was originally detailed in a research paper by Martin Marietta engineers Robert Zubrin and David Baker in 1990, and later expanded upon in Zubrin's 1996 book The Case for Mars.
In a speech on the steps of the National Air and Space Museum he described long-term plans which would culminate in a human mission to the surface of Mars. By December 1990, a study to estimate the project's cost determined that long-term expenditure would total approximately 450 billion dollars spread over 20 to 30 years.
The second Mars Habitat Unit flies to Mars with the crew, its interior given over completely to living and storage space. To prove the viability of the Mars Habitat Unit, the Mars Society has implemented the Mars Analogue Research Station Program (MARS), which has established a number of prototype Mars Habitat Units around the world. == Reception == Baker pitched Mars Direct at the Marshall Spaceflight Center in April 1990, where reception was very positive.
Within a year, all funding requests for SEI had been denied. Dan Goldin became NASA Administrator on April 1, 1992, officially abandoning plans for near-term human exploration beyond Earth orbit with the shift towards a "faster, better, cheaper" strategy for robotic exploration. ===Development=== While working at Martin Marietta designing interplanetary mission architectures, Robert Zubrin perceived a fundamental flaw in the SEI program.
Zubrin remained committed to the strategy, and after parting with David Baker attempted to convince the new NASA administration of Mars Direct's merits in 1992. After being granted a small research fund at Martin Marietta, Zubrin and his colleagues successfully demonstrated an in-situ propellant generator which achieved an efficiency of 94%.
It was originally detailed in a research paper by Martin Marietta engineers Robert Zubrin and David Baker in 1990, and later expanded upon in Zubrin's 1996 book The Case for Mars.
"Mars Direct, Humans to the Red Planet by 1999." 41st Congress of the International Astronautical Federation ==External links== The Mars Society Human missions to Mars Załogowa wyprawa na Marsa
After showing the positive results to the Johnson Space Center, the NASA administration still held several reservations about the plan. In November 2003, Zubrin was invited to speak to the U.S.
In 2009 the Obama administration began a review of the Constellation program, and after budgetary concerns the program was cancelled in 2010. There are a variety of psychological and sociological issues that could affect long-duration expeditionary space missions.
In 2009 the Obama administration began a review of the Constellation program, and after budgetary concerns the program was cancelled in 2010. There are a variety of psychological and sociological issues that could affect long-duration expeditionary space missions.
Two months later the Bush administration announced the creation of the Constellation program, a human spaceflight initiative with the goal of sending humans to the Moon by 2020.
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