The book was edited first by Emil Maurice, then by Hitler's deputy Rudolf Hess. Hitler began Mein Kampf while imprisoned for what he considered to be "political crimes" following his failed Putsch in Munich in November 1923 and a trial in February 1924 for [treason], in which he received the very light sentence of five years.
The book was edited first by Emil Maurice, then by Hitler's deputy Rudolf Hess. Hitler began Mein Kampf while imprisoned for what he considered to be "political crimes" following his failed Putsch in Munich in November 1923 and a trial in February 1924 for [treason], in which he received the very light sentence of five years.
He dismissed it as "fantasies behind bars" that were little more than a series of articles for the Völkischer Beobachter, and later told Hans Frank that "If I had had any idea in 1924 that I would have become Reich chancellor, I never would have written the book." Nevertheless, Mein Kampf was a bestseller in Germany during the 1930s.
Mein Kampf (; My Struggle or My Fight) is a 1925 autobiographical manifesto by Nazi Party leader Adolf Hitler.
Volume 1 of Mein Kampf was published in 1925 and Volume 2 in 1926.
As he continued, he realized that it would have to be a two-volume work, with the first volume scheduled for release in early 1925.
First published in 1925, Mein Kampf shows Hitler's personal grievances and his ambitions for creating a New Order.
Hitler, Außenpolitische Standortbestimmung nach der Reichtagswahl Juni–Juli 1928 (1929; first published as Hitlers Zweites Buch, 1961), in Hitler: Reden, Schriften, Anordnungen, Februar 1925 bis Januar 1933, Vol IIA, with an introduction by G.
Volume 1 of Mein Kampf was published in 1925 and Volume 2 in 1926.
By January 2017, the German annotated edition had sold over 85,000 copies. ==Sequel== After the party's poor showing in the 1928 elections, Hitler believed that the reason for his loss was the public's misunderstanding of his ideas.
Hitler, Außenpolitische Standortbestimmung nach der Reichtagswahl Juni–Juli 1928 (1929; first published as Hitlers Zweites Buch, 1961), in Hitler: Reden, Schriften, Anordnungen, Februar 1925 bis Januar 1933, Vol IIA, with an introduction by G.
He dismissed it as "fantasies behind bars" that were little more than a series of articles for the Völkischer Beobachter, and later told Hans Frank that "If I had had any idea in 1924 that I would have become Reich chancellor, I never would have written the book." Nevertheless, Mein Kampf was a bestseller in Germany during the 1930s.
(Volume 2, after 1930 both volumes were only published in one book). Hitler, A.
Mein Kampf, Munich: Franz Eher Nachfolger, 1930 A.
two confidential interviews with Hitler in 1931.
The governor of Landsberg noted at the time that "he [Hitler] hopes the book will run into many editions, thus enabling him to fulfill his financial obligations and to defray the expenses incurred at the time of his trial." After slow initial sales, the book became a bestseller in Germany following Hitler's rise to power in 1933. After Hitler's death, copyright of Mein Kampf passed to the state government of Bavaria, which refused to allow any copying or printing of the book in Germany.
(Two other books written by party members, Gottfried Feder's Breaking The Interest Slavery and Alfred Rosenberg's The Myth of the Twentieth Century, have since lapsed into comparative literary obscurity.) Hitler had made about 1.2 million Reichsmarks from the income of the book by 1933 (), when the average annual income of a teacher was about 4,800 Marks ().
He accumulated a tax debt of 405,500 Reichsmark (very roughly in 2015 1.1 million GBP, 1.4 million EUR, 1.5 million USD) from the sale of about 240,000 copies before he became chancellor in 1933 (at which time his debt was waived). Hitler began to distance himself from the book after becoming chancellor of Germany in 1933.
Hitler, Außenpolitische Standortbestimmung nach der Reichtagswahl Juni–Juli 1928 (1929; first published as Hitlers Zweites Buch, 1961), in Hitler: Reden, Schriften, Anordnungen, Februar 1925 bis Januar 1933, Vol IIA, with an introduction by G.
In 2008, Stephan Kramer, secretary-general of the Central Council of Jews in Germany, not only recommended lifting the ban, but volunteered the help of his organization in editing and annotating the text, saying that it is time for the book to be made available to all online. A variety of restrictions or special circumstances apply in other countries. === France === In 1934, the French government unofficially sponsored the publication of an unauthorized translation.
In 1992 the Government of Bavaria tried to stop the publication of the book, and the case went to the Supreme Court of Sweden which ruled in favour of the publisher, stating that the book is protected by copyright, but that the copyright holder is unidentified (and not the State of Bavaria) and that the original Swedish publisher from 1934 had gone out of business.
To keep the document strictly secret, in 1935 Hitler ordered that it be placed in a safe in an air raid shelter.
However, a large quantity of books had already been shipped and stayed available undercover by Sorlot. In 1938, Hitler licensed for France an authorized edition by Fayard, translated by François Dauture and Georges Blond, lacking the threatening tone against France of the original.
By 1939 it had sold 5.2 million copies in eleven languages.
These three editions combined both volumes into the same book. A special edition was published in 1939 in honour of Hitler's 50th birthday.
One of the first complete English translations was published by James Vincent Murphy in 1939.
He suggested that the book exhausted curious German readers, but its "ceaseless repetition of the argument, left impregnably in their minds, fecund and germinating". In March 1940, British writer George Orwell reviewed a then-recently published uncensored translation of Mein Kampf for The New English Weekly.
In 1940, the Tornister-Ausgabe, or Knapsack Edition, was released.
Saur, 1995) Christopher Browning, Initiating the Final Solution: The Fateful Months of September–October 1941, Miles Lerman Center for the Study of Jewish Resistance, U.S.
government seized the copyright in September 1942 during the Second World War under the Trading with the Enemy Act and in 1979, Houghton Mifflin, the U.S.
In 2016, following the expiration of the copyright held by the Bavarian state government, Mein Kampf was republished in Germany for the first time since 1945, which prompted public debate and divided reactions from Jewish groups. ==Title== Hitler originally wanted to call his forthcoming book Viereinhalb Jahre (des Kampfes) gegen Lüge, Dummheit und Feigheit, or Four and a Half Years (of Struggle) Against Lies, Stupidity and Cowardice.
On 13 April 2010, it was announced that Mein Kampf is outlawed on grounds of extremism promotion. ===Sweden=== Mein Kampf has been reprinted several times since 1945; in 1970, 1992, 2002 and 2010.
The book had last been published in Germany in 1945.
It remained there until being discovered by an American officer in 1945. The authenticity of the document found in 1945 has been verified by Josef Berg, a former employee of the Nazi publishing house Eher Verlag, and Telford Taylor, a former brigadier general of the United States Army Reserve and Chief Counsel at the Nuremberg war-crimes trials. In 1958, the Zweites Buch was found in the archives of the United States by American historian Gerhard Weinberg.
It remained there until being discovered by an American officer in 1945. The authenticity of the document found in 1945 has been verified by Josef Berg, a former employee of the Nazi publishing house Eher Verlag, and Telford Taylor, a former brigadier general of the United States Army Reserve and Chief Counsel at the Nuremberg war-crimes trials. In 1958, the Zweites Buch was found in the archives of the United States by American historian Gerhard Weinberg.
Unable to find an American publisher, Weinberg turned to his mentor – Hans Rothfels at the Institute of Contemporary History in Munich, and his associate Martin Broszat – who published Zweites Buch in 1961.
Hitler, Außenpolitische Standortbestimmung nach der Reichtagswahl Juni–Juli 1928 (1929; first published as Hitlers Zweites Buch, 1961), in Hitler: Reden, Schriften, Anordnungen, Februar 1925 bis Januar 1933, Vol IIA, with an introduction by G.
A pirated edition was published in English in New York in 1962.
On 13 April 2010, it was announced that Mein Kampf is outlawed on grounds of extremism promotion. ===Sweden=== Mein Kampf has been reprinted several times since 1945; in 1970, 1992, 2002 and 2010.
It therefore refused the Government of Bavaria's claim. The only translation changes came in the 1970 edition, but they were only linguistic, based on a new Swedish standard. ===Turkey=== Mein Kampf (Turkish: Kavgam) was widely available and growing in popularity in Turkey, even to the point where it became a bestseller, selling up to 100,000 copies in just two months in 2005.
Trading in old copies is lawful as well, unless it is done in such a fashion as to "promote hatred or war." In particular, the unmodified edition is not covered by §86 StGB that forbids dissemination of means of propaganda of unconstitutional organizations, since it is a "pre-constitutional work" and as such cannot be opposed to the free and democratic basic order, according to a 1979 decision of the Federal Court of Justice of Germany.
government seized the copyright in September 1942 during the Second World War under the Trading with the Enemy Act and in 1979, Houghton Mifflin, the U.S.
Sale has been prohibited since a court ruling in the 1980s.
Mein Kampf was translated into various Indian languages such as Hindi, Gujarati, Malayalam, Tamil and Bengali. ===Israel=== An extract of Mein Kampf in Hebrew was first published in 1992 by Akadamon with 400 copies.
It marks the first time the book is widely available to the general public in the Netherlands since World War II. ===Russia=== In the Russian Federation, Mein Kampf has been published at least three times since 1992; the Russian text is also available on websites.
On 13 April 2010, it was announced that Mein Kampf is outlawed on grounds of extremism promotion. ===Sweden=== Mein Kampf has been reprinted several times since 1945; in 1970, 1992, 2002 and 2010.
In 1992 the Government of Bavaria tried to stop the publication of the book, and the case went to the Supreme Court of Sweden which ruled in favour of the publisher, stating that the book is protected by copyright, but that the copyright holder is unidentified (and not the State of Bavaria) and that the original Swedish publisher from 1934 had gone out of business.
Then the complete translation of the book in Hebrew was published by the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in 1995.
The translator was Dan Yaron, a Vienna-born retired teacher and Holocaust survivor. ===Latvia=== On 5 May 1995 a translation of Mein Kampf released by a small Latvian publishing house Vizītkarte began appearing in bookstores, provoking a reaction from Latvian authorities, who confiscated the approximately 2,000 copies that had made their way to the bookstores and charged director of the publishing house Pēteris Lauva with offences under anti-racism law.
Saur, 1995) Christopher Browning, Initiating the Final Solution: The Fateful Months of September–October 1941, Miles Lerman Center for the Study of Jewish Resistance, U.S.
In 2016, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt reported that it was having difficulty finding a charity that would accept profits from the sales of its version of Mein Kampf, which it had promised to donate. ===Online availability=== In 1999, the Simon Wiesenthal Center documented that the book was available in Germany via major online booksellers such as Amazon and Barnes & Noble.
On 13 April 2010, it was announced that Mein Kampf is outlawed on grounds of extremism promotion. ===Sweden=== Mein Kampf has been reprinted several times since 1945; in 1970, 1992, 2002 and 2010.
Holocaust Memorial Museum (Washington, D.C.: USHMM, 2003). Gunnar Heinsohn, "What Makes the Holocaust a Uniquely Unique Genocide", Journal of Genocide Research, vol.
It therefore refused the Government of Bavaria's claim. The only translation changes came in the 1970 edition, but they were only linguistic, based on a new Swedish standard. ===Turkey=== Mein Kampf (Turkish: Kavgam) was widely available and growing in popularity in Turkey, even to the point where it became a bestseller, selling up to 100,000 copies in just two months in 2005.
In 2006 the Public Chamber of Russia proposed banning the book.
In 2008, Stephan Kramer, secretary-general of the Central Council of Jews in Germany, not only recommended lifting the ban, but volunteered the help of his organization in editing and annotating the text, saying that it is time for the book to be made available to all online. A variety of restrictions or special circumstances apply in other countries. === France === In 1934, the French government unofficially sponsored the publication of an unauthorized translation.
On 13 April 2010, it was announced that Mein Kampf is outlawed on grounds of extremism promotion. ===Sweden=== Mein Kampf has been reprinted several times since 1945; in 1970, 1992, 2002 and 2010.
The Murphy translation of the book is freely available on Project Gutenberg Australia. ===2016 republication in Germany=== On 3 February 2010, the Institute of Contemporary History (IfZ) in Munich announced plans to republish an annotated version of the text, for educational purposes in schools and universities, in 2015.
However, the Bavarian Science Minister Wolfgang Heubisch supported a critical edition, stating in 2010 that, "Once Bavaria's copyright expires, there is the danger of charlatans and neo-Nazis appropriating this infamous book for themselves". On 12 December 2013 the Bavarian government cancelled its financial support for an annotated edition.
However, the Bavarian Science Minister Wolfgang Heubisch supported a critical edition, stating in 2010 that, "Once Bavaria's copyright expires, there is the danger of charlatans and neo-Nazis appropriating this infamous book for themselves". On 12 December 2013 the Bavarian government cancelled its financial support for an annotated edition.
He accumulated a tax debt of 405,500 Reichsmark (very roughly in 2015 1.1 million GBP, 1.4 million EUR, 1.5 million USD) from the sale of about 240,000 copies before he became chancellor in 1933 (at which time his debt was waived). Hitler began to distance himself from the book after becoming chancellor of Germany in 1933.
The Murphy translation of the book is freely available on Project Gutenberg Australia. ===2016 republication in Germany=== On 3 February 2010, the Institute of Contemporary History (IfZ) in Munich announced plans to republish an annotated version of the text, for educational purposes in schools and universities, in 2015.
The IfZ scheduled an edition of Mein Kampf for release in 2016. Richard Verber, vice-president of the Board of Deputies of British Jews, stated in 2015 that the board trusted the academic and educational value of republishing.
In 2016, following the expiration of the copyright held by the Bavarian state government, Mein Kampf was republished in Germany for the first time since 1945, which prompted public debate and divided reactions from Jewish groups. ==Title== Hitler originally wanted to call his forthcoming book Viereinhalb Jahre (des Kampfes) gegen Lüge, Dummheit und Feigheit, or Four and a Half Years (of Struggle) Against Lies, Stupidity and Cowardice.
As per German copyright law, the entire text entered the public domain on 1 January 2016, upon the expiration of the calendar year 70 years after the author's death. Owning and buying the book in Germany is not an offence.
In September 2018, however, Dutch publisher Prometheus officially released an academic edition of the 2016 German translation with comprehensive introductions and annotations by Dutch historians.
In 2016, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt reported that it was having difficulty finding a charity that would accept profits from the sales of its version of Mein Kampf, which it had promised to donate. ===Online availability=== In 1999, the Simon Wiesenthal Center documented that the book was available in Germany via major online booksellers such as Amazon and Barnes & Noble.
The IfZ scheduled an edition of Mein Kampf for release in 2016. Richard Verber, vice-president of the Board of Deputies of British Jews, stated in 2015 that the board trusted the academic and educational value of republishing.
I do understand how some Jewish groups could be upset and nervous, but it seems it is being done from a historical point of view and to put it in context". An annotated edition of Mein Kampf was published in Germany in January 2016 and sold out within hours on Amazon's German site.
By January 2017, the German annotated edition had sold over 85,000 copies. ==Sequel== After the party's poor showing in the 1928 elections, Hitler believed that the reason for his loss was the public's misunderstanding of his ideas.
Currently the publication of Mein Kampf is forbidden in Latvia. In April 2018 a number of Russian-language news sites (Baltnews, Zvezda, Sputnik, Komsomolskaya Pravda and Komprava among others) reported that Adolf Hitler had allegedly become more popular in Latvia than Harry Potter, referring to a Latvian online book trading platform ibook.lv, where Mein Kampf had appeared at the No.
In September 2018, however, Dutch publisher Prometheus officially released an academic edition of the 2016 German translation with comprehensive introductions and annotations by Dutch historians.
In March 2020 Amazon banned sales of new and second-hand copies of Mein Kampf, and several other Nazi publications, on its platform.
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