This city met with no resistance from the Spanish until 1723, when they began to place fortifications on the elevations around Montevideo Bay.
On 22 November 1723, Field Marshal Manuel de Freitas da Fonseca of Portugal built the Montevieu fort. A Spanish expedition was sent from Buenos Aires, organized by the Spanish governor of that city, Bruno Mauricio de Zabala.
However, this plan came to fruition only in November 1723, when Captain Manuel Henriques de Noronha reached the shores of Montevideo with soldiers, guns and colonists on his warship Nossa Senhora de Oliveara.
The southernmost capital city in the Americas, Montevideo is situated on the southern coast of the country, on the northeastern bank of the Río de la Plata. The city was established in 1724 by a Spanish soldier, Bruno Mauricio de Zabala, as a strategic move amidst the Spanish-Portuguese dispute over the platine region.
On 22 January 1724, the Spanish forced the Portuguese to abandon the location and started populating the city, initially with six families moving in from Buenos Aires and soon thereafter by families arriving from the Canary Islands who were known as Guanches or Canarians.
There was also one significant early Italian resident by the name of Jorge Burgues. A census of the city's inhabitants was performed in 1724 and then a plan was drawn delineating the city and designating it as San Felipe y Santiago de Montevideo, later shortened to Montevideo.
However, under siege from forces from Buenos Aires, the Portuguese withdrew from Montevideo Bay in January 1724, after signing an agreement with the Spaniards. ===== Fortaleza del Cerro (Fortress del Cerro) ===== Fortaleza del Cerro overlooks the bay of Montevideo.
Montevideo, the city of roses (US Government Printing Office, 1922) online == External links == Montevideo official website 360° Virtuals Tours of Montevideo – Uruguay360.com.uy An exploration guide of Montevideo Capitals in South America Cities in Uruguay Populated places in the Montevideo Department Port cities and towns in Uruguay Populated places established in 1726 1726 establishments in the Viceroyalty of Peru 1726 establishments in Uruguay
In 1740 a brick church was built on the site.
The first building was constructed between 1781 and 1788 and later expanded upon.
The first building was constructed between 1781 and 1788 and later expanded upon.
In 1790, the foundation was laid for the current neoclassical structure.
It was erected in the early 20th century as the residence of the Ortiz Taranco brothers on the ruins of Montevideo's first theater (of 1793), during a period in which the architectural style was influenced by French architecture.
The hospital has a chapel built in Greek style by Miguel Estévez in 1798. Hospital Pereira Rossell was founded in 1908 and was built on land donated in late 1900 by Alexis Rossell y Rius and Dolores Pereira de Rossell.
Uruguayan tango is a unique form of dance that originated in the neighborhoods of Montevideo towards the end of the 1800s.
In 1802, a beacon replaced the observation post; construction of the fortress began in 1809 and was completed in 1839.
Built between 1804 and 1869 in Neoclassical style, with a series of Doric and Ionic columns, it became a National Heritage Site in 1975.
The church was consecrated in 1804.
It was also under brief British rule in 1807.
In 1802, a beacon replaced the observation post; construction of the fortress began in 1809 and was completed in 1839.
Elío disestablished the Junta when Liniers was replaced by Baltasar Hidalgo de Cisneros. During the May Revolution of 1810 and the subsequent uprising of the provinces of Rio de la Plata, the Spanish colonial government moved to Montevideo.
In 1811, the forces deployed by the Junta Grande of Buenos Aires and the gaucho forces led by Artigas started a siege of Montevideo, which had refused to obey the directives of the new authorities of the May Revolution.
The siege was lifted at the end of that year, when the military situation started deteriorating in the Upper Peru region. The Spanish governor was expelled in 1814.
It resumed much later. ==== Literature ==== The first public library in Montevideo was formed by the initial donation of the private library of Father José Manuel Pérez Castellano, who died in 1815.
In 1816, Portugal invaded the recently liberated territory and in 1821, it was annexed to the Banda Oriental of Brazil.
In 1816 its stock was 5,000 volumes.
In 1816, Portugal invaded the recently liberated territory and in 1821, it was annexed to the Banda Oriental of Brazil.
Juan Antonio Lavalleja and his band called the Treinta y Tres Orientales ("Thirty-Three Orientals") re-established the independence of the region in 1825.
The present building stems from the 1825 plans of José Toribio (son of Tomás Toribio) and later Bernardo Poncini (wing on the Guaraní street, 1859), Eduardo Canstatt (corner of Guaraní and 25 de Mayo) and Julián Masquelez (1889).
Uruguay was consolidated as an independent state in 1828, with Montevideo as the nation's capital.
Thomas Samuel Hood purchased a plot of land in the name of the English residents in 1828.
In 1829, the demolition of the city's fortifications began and plans were made for an extension beyond the Ciudad Vieja, referred to as the "Ciudad Nueva" ("new city").
A neighborhood of great significance is Ciudad Vieja, that was surrounded by a protective wall until 1829.
Urban expansion, however, moved very slowly because of the events that followed. Uruguay's 1830s were dominated by the confrontation between Manuel Oribe and Fructuoso Rivera, the two revolutionary leaders who had fought against the Empire of Brazil under the command of Lavalleja, each of whom had become the caudillo of their respective faction.
The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Montevideo was created as the Apostolic Vicariate of Montevideo in 1830.
Many eminent Uruguayans have graduated from this university, including Carlos Vaz Ferreira, José Luis Massera, Gabriel Paternain, Mario Wschebor, Roman Fresnedo Siri, Carlos Ott and Eladio Dieste The process of founding the country's public university began on 11 June 1833 with the passage of a law proposed by Senator Dámaso Antonio Larrañaga.
It was one of the first cemeteries (in contrast to church graveyards) in the country, founded in 1835 in a time where burials were still carried out by the Catholic Church.
In 1836, the House of General Studies was formed, housing the departments of Latin, philosophy, mathematics, theology and jurisprudence.
In 1838, Oribe was forced to resign the presidency; he established a rebel army and began a long civil war, the Guerra Grande, which lasted until 1851. The city of Montevideo suffered a siege of eight years between 1843 and 1851, during which it was supplied by sea with British and French support.
On 27 May 1838, Manuel Oribe passed a decree establishing the Greater University of the Republic.
In 1802, a beacon replaced the observation post; construction of the fortress began in 1809 and was completed in 1839.
In 1838, Oribe was forced to resign the presidency; he established a rebel army and began a long civil war, the Guerra Grande, which lasted until 1851. The city of Montevideo suffered a siege of eight years between 1843 and 1851, during which it was supplied by sea with British and French support.
By 1843 Montevedio's population of thirty thousand inhabitants was highly cosmopolitan with Uruguayans making up only a third of it.
It was founded on 18 July 1849 in Montevideo, where most of its buildings and facilities are still located.
Rainfall and sleet are a frequent winter occurrence, but snowfall is extremely rare: flurries have been recorded only four times but with no accumulation, the last one on 13 July 1930 during the inaugural match of the World Cup, (the other three snowfalls were in 1850, 1853 and 1917); the alleged 1980 Carrasco snowfall was actually a hailstorm. Summers are warm-hot and humid, with less wind than other seasons.
In 1838, Oribe was forced to resign the presidency; he established a rebel army and began a long civil war, the Guerra Grande, which lasted until 1851. The city of Montevideo suffered a siege of eight years between 1843 and 1851, during which it was supplied by sea with British and French support.
Finally, in 1851, with the additional support of Argentine rebels who opposed Rosas, the Colorados defeated Oribe.
In 1853 a stagecoach bus line was established joining Montevideo with the newly formed settlement of Unión and the first natural gas street lights were inaugurated.
Rainfall and sleet are a frequent winter occurrence, but snowfall is extremely rare: flurries have been recorded only four times but with no accumulation, the last one on 13 July 1930 during the inaugural match of the World Cup, (the other three snowfalls were in 1850, 1853 and 1917); the alleged 1980 Carrasco snowfall was actually a hailstorm. Summers are warm-hot and humid, with less wind than other seasons.
From 1854 to 1861 the first public sanitation facilities were constructed.
The fighting, however, resumed in 1855, when the Blancos came to power, which they maintained until 1865.
In 1856 the Teatro Solís was inaugurated, 15 years after the beginning of its construction.
It was built in 1856 and is owned by the government of Montevideo.
The present building stems from the 1825 plans of José Toribio (son of Tomás Toribio) and later Bernardo Poncini (wing on the Guaraní street, 1859), Eduardo Canstatt (corner of Guaraní and 25 de Mayo) and Julián Masquelez (1889).
One United States Marine, Henry de Costa, is buried here. === Demographics === In 1860, Montevideo had 57,913 inhabitants including a number of people of African origin who had been brought as slaves and had gained their freedom around the middle of the century.
From 1854 to 1861 the first public sanitation facilities were constructed.
By Decree, in December 1861 the areas of Aguada and Cordón were incorporated to the growing Ciudad Nueva (New City).
The fighting, however, resumed in 1855, when the Blancos came to power, which they maintained until 1865.
In 1866, an underwater telegraph line connected the city with Buenos Aires.
The statue of Peace, La Paz, was erected on a column in Plaza Cagancha and the building of the Postal Service as well as the bridge of Paso Molino were inaugurated in 1867. In 1868, the horse-drawn tram company Compañía de Tranvías al Paso del Molino y Cerro created the first lines connecting Montevideo with Unión, the beach resort of Capurro and the industrialized and economically independent Villa del Cerro, at the time called Cosmopolis.
The statue of Peace, La Paz, was erected on a column in Plaza Cagancha and the building of the Postal Service as well as the bridge of Paso Molino were inaugurated in 1867. In 1868, the horse-drawn tram company Compañía de Tranvías al Paso del Molino y Cerro created the first lines connecting Montevideo with Unión, the beach resort of Capurro and the industrialized and economically independent Villa del Cerro, at the time called Cosmopolis.
In 1869, the first railway line of the company Ferrocarril Central del Uruguay was inaugurated connecting Bella Vista with the town of Las Piedras.
Built between 1804 and 1869 in Neoclassical style, with a series of Doric and Ionic columns, it became a National Heritage Site in 1975.
The Sunday market of Tristán Narvaja Street was established in Cordón in 1870.
This natural port is competitive with the other great port of Río de la Plata, Buenos Aires. The main engineering work on the port occurred between the years 1870 and 1930.
Public water supply was established in 1871.
It has been a National Heritage Site since 1976. ==== Parque Prado ==== Established in 1873, the largest of Montevideo's six main public parks is the Parque Prado.
Today it is one of the tourist attractions of Montevideo. ====Punta Brava Lighthouse==== Punta Brava Lighthouse (Faro Punta Brava), also known as Punta Carretas Lighthouse, was erected in 1876.
In 1878, Bulevar Circunvalación was constructed, a boulevard starting from Punta Carretas, going up to the north end of the city and then turning west to end at the beach of Capurro.
The vicariate was promoted to the Diocese of Montevideo on 13 July 1878.
Founded in 1879 and supported by the Women's Society of the Methodist Church of the United States, it is one of the most traditional and emblematic institutions in the city inculcating John Wesley's values.
By 1880, the population had quadrupled, mainly because of the great European immigration.
It is a member of World ORT, an international educational network founded in 1880 by the Jewish community in Saint Petersburg, Russia. The university has about 8,000 students, distributed among 5 faculties and institutes, mainly geared towards the sciences and technology/engineering.
Named after the physician and naturalist Teodoro Vilardebó Matuliche, it opened 21 May 1880.
By Decree, on 8 January 1881, the area Los Pocitos was incorporated to the Novísima Ciudad (Most New City). The first telephone lines were installed in 1882 and electric street lights took the place of the gas operated ones in 1886.
By Decree, on 8 January 1881, the area Los Pocitos was incorporated to the Novísima Ciudad (Most New City). The first telephone lines were installed in 1882 and electric street lights took the place of the gas operated ones in 1886.
However, in 1884 the government compensated the British by moving the cemetery to Buceo to accommodate city growth.
It was renamed Artigas Boulevard in 1885.
By Decree, on 8 January 1881, the area Los Pocitos was incorporated to the Novísima Ciudad (Most New City). The first telephone lines were installed in 1882 and electric street lights took the place of the gas operated ones in 1886.
El Día was the most prestigious paper in Uruguay, founded in 1886 by José Batlle, who would later go on to become President of Uruguay.
The Hipódromo de Maroñas started operating in 1888, and the neighborhoods of Reus del Sur, Reus del Norte and Conciliación were inaugurated in 1889.
The Hipódromo de Maroñas started operating in 1888, and the neighborhoods of Reus del Sur, Reus del Norte and Conciliación were inaugurated in 1889.
The new building of the School of Arts and Trades, as well as Zabala Square in Ciudad Vieja were inaugurated in 1890, followed by the Italian Hospital in 1891.
The new building of the School of Arts and Trades, as well as Zabala Square in Ciudad Vieja were inaugurated in 1890, followed by the Italian Hospital in 1891.
Other neighborhoods that were founded were Belgrano and Belvedere in 1892, Jacinto Vera in 1895 and Trouville in 1897.
In 1894 the new port was constructed, and in 1897, the Central Railway Station of Montevideo was inaugurated. === 20th century === In the early 20th century, many Europeans (particularly Spaniards and Italians but also thousands from Central Europe) immigrated to the city.
The Golf Club of Punta Carretas was founded in 1894 covers all the area encircled by the west side of Bulevar Artigas, the Rambla (Montevideo's promenade) and the Parque Rodó (Fun Fair). === Religion === Church and state are officially separated since 1916 in Uruguay.
Other neighborhoods that were founded were Belgrano and Belvedere in 1892, Jacinto Vera in 1895 and Trouville in 1897.
Other neighborhoods that were founded were Belgrano and Belvedere in 1892, Jacinto Vera in 1895 and Trouville in 1897.
In 1894 the new port was constructed, and in 1897, the Central Railway Station of Montevideo was inaugurated. === 20th century === In the early 20th century, many Europeans (particularly Spaniards and Italians but also thousands from Central Europe) immigrated to the city.
Pope Leo XIII elevated it to the rank of a metropolitan archdiocese on 14 April 1897.
Bicentennial celebrations were held in 2004. In 1897, Pope Leo XIII elevated the church to Metropolitan Cathedral status.
Although Uruguayan literature is not limited to the authors of the capital (Horacio Quiroga was born in Salto and Mario Benedetti in Paso de los Toros, for instance), Montevideo has been and is the center of the editorial and creative activity of literature. In 1900, the city had a remarkable group of writers, including José Enrique Rodó, Carlos Vaz Ferreira, Julio Herrera y Reissig, Delmira Agustini and Felisberto Hernández.
The hospital has a chapel built in Greek style by Miguel Estévez in 1798. Hospital Pereira Rossell was founded in 1908 and was built on land donated in late 1900 by Alexis Rossell y Rius and Dolores Pereira de Rossell.
The Professor Atilio Lombardo Museum and Botanical Gardens were established in 1902.
Construction started in 1904 and was sponsored by the government of President José Batlle y Ordóñez.
The park was originally proposed by an Act of March 1907, which also projected wide boulevards and avenues.
In 1907, the old beacon was replaced with a stronger electric one.
In 1908, 30% of the city's population of 300,000 was foreign-born.
In 1908, its population had grown massively to 309,331 inhabitants.
However, mortality continued to fall with life expectancy at birth for both sexes increasing by 1.73 years. In the census of 2011, Montevideo had a population of 1,319,108. Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística de Uruguay == Government and politics == ===Intendencia de Montevideo=== The Municipality of Montevideo was first created by a legal act of 18 December 1908.
The hospital has a chapel built in Greek style by Miguel Estévez in 1798. Hospital Pereira Rossell was founded in 1908 and was built on land donated in late 1900 by Alexis Rossell y Rius and Dolores Pereira de Rossell.
Among these changes were the right of divorce (1907) and women's right to vote. The 1910s saw the construction of Montevideo's Rambla; strikes by tram workers, bakers and port workers; the inauguration of electric trams; the creation of the Municipal Intendencias; and the inauguration of the new port. In 1913, the city limits were extended around the entire gulf.
The Rosedal contains four pergolas, eight domes, and a fountain; its 12,000 roses were imported from France in 1910.
The Museo del Automóvil, belonging to the Automobile Club of Uruguay, has a rich collection of vintage cars which includes a 1910 Hupmobile.
On their grounds, they started a private collection of animals that became a zoological garden and was passed to the city in 1919; in 1955 the Planetarium of Montevideo was built within its premises. Parque Batlle is named in honor of José Batlle y Ordóñez, President of Uruguay from 1911 to 1915.
French landscape architect, Carlos Thays, began the plantings in 1911.
Among these changes were the right of divorce (1907) and women's right to vote. The 1910s saw the construction of Montevideo's Rambla; strikes by tram workers, bakers and port workers; the inauguration of electric trams; the creation of the Municipal Intendencias; and the inauguration of the new port. In 1913, the city limits were extended around the entire gulf.
On their grounds, they started a private collection of animals that became a zoological garden and was passed to the city in 1919; in 1955 the Planetarium of Montevideo was built within its premises. Parque Batlle is named in honor of José Batlle y Ordóñez, President of Uruguay from 1911 to 1915.
It was the city's first pediatric hospital, and shortly afterwards the addition of an obstetric and gynecological clinic in 1915 made it the first maternity hospital as well.
The hospital was originally one of the best of Latin America and in 1915 grew to 1,500 inpatients.
It has been a National Monument since 1931 and has housed a military museum since 1916.
The Golf Club of Punta Carretas was founded in 1894 covers all the area encircled by the west side of Bulevar Artigas, the Rambla (Montevideo's promenade) and the Parque Rodó (Fun Fair). === Religion === Church and state are officially separated since 1916 in Uruguay.
Rainfall and sleet are a frequent winter occurrence, but snowfall is extremely rare: flurries have been recorded only four times but with no accumulation, the last one on 13 July 1930 during the inaugural match of the World Cup, (the other three snowfalls were in 1850, 1853 and 1917); the alleged 1980 Carrasco snowfall was actually a hailstorm. Summers are warm-hot and humid, with less wind than other seasons.
For decades, the prison and the nearby Punta Carretas parish church were the only major buildings in the neighborhood. ==== Nuestra Señora del Sagrado Corazón ==== Nuestra Señora del Sagrado Corazón ("Our Lady of the Sacred Heart"), also known as Iglesia Punta Carretas ("Punta Carretas Church"), was built between 1917 and 1927 in the Romanesque Revival style.
In 1918, the park was named Parque de los Aliados, following the victory of the Allies of World War I.
Municipalities were abolished by the Uruguayan Constitution of 1918, effectively restored during the 1933 military coup of Gabriel Terra, and formally restored by the 1934 Constitution.
On their grounds, they started a private collection of animals that became a zoological garden and was passed to the city in 1919; in 1955 the Planetarium of Montevideo was built within its premises. Parque Batlle is named in honor of José Batlle y Ordóñez, President of Uruguay from 1911 to 1915.
Parque Batlle, Parque Rodó and Parque Prado are Montevideo's three great parks. The Pocitos district, near the beach of the same name, has many homes built by Bello and Reboratti between 1920 and 1940, with a mixture of styles.
Montevideo, the city of roses (US Government Printing Office, 1922) online == External links == Montevideo official website 360° Virtuals Tours of Montevideo – Uruguay360.com.uy An exploration guide of Montevideo Capitals in South America Cities in Uruguay Populated places in the Montevideo Department Port cities and towns in Uruguay Populated places established in 1726 1726 establishments in the Viceroyalty of Peru 1726 establishments in Uruguay
A major storm in 1923 necessitated repairs to many of the city's engineering works.
Statues include that of José Gervasio Artigas, hero of Uruguay's independence movement; an honor guard keeps vigil at the Mausoleum. Palacio Salvo, at the intersection of 18 de Julio Avenue and Plaza Independencia, was designed by the architect Mario Palanti and completed in 1925.
Construction began in 1926 and it was inaugurated in 1964.
For decades, the prison and the nearby Punta Carretas parish church were the only major buildings in the neighborhood. ==== Nuestra Señora del Sagrado Corazón ==== Nuestra Señora del Sagrado Corazón ("Our Lady of the Sacred Heart"), also known as Iglesia Punta Carretas ("Punta Carretas Church"), was built between 1917 and 1927 in the Romanesque Revival style.
The building was designed by architect Carlos Surraco in 1928–1929 and has a surface area of on 23 floors.
On 5 May 1930, after significant expansion, it was again renamed as Parque Batlle y Ordóñez, in memory of the prominent politician and president, who had died in 1929.
Montevideo hosted every match during the first FIFA World Cup, in 1930.
Rainfall and sleet are a frequent winter occurrence, but snowfall is extremely rare: flurries have been recorded only four times but with no accumulation, the last one on 13 July 1930 during the inaugural match of the World Cup, (the other three snowfalls were in 1850, 1853 and 1917); the alleged 1980 Carrasco snowfall was actually a hailstorm. Summers are warm-hot and humid, with less wind than other seasons.
On 5 May 1930, after significant expansion, it was again renamed as Parque Batlle y Ordóñez, in memory of the prominent politician and president, who had died in 1929.
, the park covers an area of and is considered the "lung" of the Montevideo city due to the large variety of trees planted here. The Estadio Centenario, the national football stadium, opened in 1930 for the first World Cup, and later hosted several other sporting grounds of note (see Sports). In 1934, sculptor José Belloni's "La Carreta", a bronze monument on granite base, was installed on Avenida Lorenzo Merola near Estadio Centenario.
Established in 1930, Juan Manuel Blanes Museum is situated in the Palladian villa, a National Heritage Site since 1975, and includes a Japanese garden.
The Juan Manuel Blanes Museum was founded in 1930, the 100th anniversary of the first Constitution of Uruguay, significant with regard to the fact that Juan Manuel Blanes painted Uruguayan patriotic themes.
Due to the scale of the festival, preparation begins as early as December with an election of the "zonal beauty queens" to appear in the carnival. ==== Sports ==== Estadio Centenario, the national football stadium in Parque Batlle, was opened in 1930 for the first World Cup, as well as to commemorate the centennial of Uruguay's first constitution.
A museum located within the football stadium has exhibits of memorabilia from Uruguay's 1930 and 1950 World Cup championships.
This natural port is competitive with the other great port of Río de la Plata, Buenos Aires. The main engineering work on the port occurred between the years 1870 and 1930.
It has been a National Monument since 1931 and has housed a military museum since 1916.
Municipalities were abolished by the Uruguayan Constitution of 1918, effectively restored during the 1933 military coup of Gabriel Terra, and formally restored by the 1934 Constitution.
, the park covers an area of and is considered the "lung" of the Montevideo city due to the large variety of trees planted here. The Estadio Centenario, the national football stadium, opened in 1930 for the first World Cup, and later hosted several other sporting grounds of note (see Sports). In 1934, sculptor José Belloni's "La Carreta", a bronze monument on granite base, was installed on Avenida Lorenzo Merola near Estadio Centenario.
Municipalities were abolished by the Uruguayan Constitution of 1918, effectively restored during the 1933 military coup of Gabriel Terra, and formally restored by the 1934 Constitution.
Fun Fun' Bar, established in 1935, is one of the most important places for tango in Uruguay as is El Farolito, located in the old part of the city and Joventango, Café Las Musas, Garufa and Vieja Viola.
Museum tickets give access to the stadium, stands, locker rooms and playing field. Between 1935 and 1938, the athletics track and the municipal velodrome were completed within Parque Batlle.
Another statue on the same side of the park is a bronze copy of the Discobolus of Myron. On the west side of Parque Batlle, on Artigas Boulevard, the 1938 Obelisk of Montevideo is a monument dedicated to those who created the first Constitution.
Museum tickets give access to the stadium, stands, locker rooms and playing field. Between 1935 and 1938, the athletics track and the municipal velodrome were completed within Parque Batlle.
After the Battle of the River Plate with the Royal Navy and Royal New Zealand Navy on 13 December 1939, the Graf Spee retreated to Montevideo's port, which was considered neutral at the time.
Parque Batlle, Parque Rodó and Parque Prado are Montevideo's three great parks. The Pocitos district, near the beach of the same name, has many homes built by Bello and Reboratti between 1920 and 1940, with a mixture of styles.
ORT Uruguay was first established as a non-profit organization in 1942, and was officially certified as a private university in September 1996, becoming the second private educational institution in the country to achieve that status.
It passed to the city from the heirs of the Tarancos in 1943, along with its precious collection of Uruguayan furniture and draperies and was deemed by the city as an ideal place for a museum; in 1972 it became the Museum of Decorative Arts of Montevideo and in 1975 it became a National Heritage Site.
The last wave of immigrants occurred between 1945 and 1955. According to the census survey carried out between 15 June and 31 July 2004, Montevideo had a population of 1,325,968 persons, compared to Uruguay's total population of 3,241,003.
The museum was established by Manolita Piña Torres, the widow of Torres Garcia, after his death in 1949.
Other landmarks in Pocitos are the "Edificio Panamericano" designed by Raul Sichero, and the "Positano" and "El Pilar" designed by Adolfo Sommer Smith and Luis García Pardo in the 1950s and 1960s.
A museum located within the football stadium has exhibits of memorabilia from Uruguay's 1930 and 1950 World Cup championships.
The 1952 Constitution again decided to abolish the municipalities; it came into effect in February 1955.
The hospital was inaugurated 21 September 1953.
On their grounds, they started a private collection of animals that became a zoological garden and was passed to the city in 1919; in 1955 the Planetarium of Montevideo was built within its premises. Parque Batlle is named in honor of José Batlle y Ordóñez, President of Uruguay from 1911 to 1915.
The last wave of immigrants occurred between 1945 and 1955. According to the census survey carried out between 15 June and 31 July 2004, Montevideo had a population of 1,325,968 persons, compared to Uruguay's total population of 3,241,003.
The 1952 Constitution again decided to abolish the municipalities; it came into effect in February 1955.
Established in 1955, it is regarded as one of the best high schools in the country, blending a rigorous curriculum with strong extracurricular activities.
In 1958, the Municipal Historic Museum and Archive was inaugurated here.
There were major problems with supply; the immigration cycle was reversed. From the 1960s to the end of the dictatorship in 1985, around one hundred people died or disappeared because of the political violence.
Other landmarks in Pocitos are the "Edificio Panamericano" designed by Raul Sichero, and the "Positano" and "El Pilar" designed by Adolfo Sommer Smith and Luis García Pardo in the 1950s and 1960s.
In 1962, the lighthouse became electric.
Construction began in 1926 and it was inaugurated in 1964.
However, municipalities were revived under the 1967 Constitution and have operated continuously since that time. Since 1990, Montevideo has been partially decentralized into 18 areas; administration and services for each area is provided by its Zonal Community Center (Centro Comunal Zonal, CCZ), which is subordinate to the Municipality of Montevideo.
However, the construction boom of the 1970s and 1980s transformed the face of this neighborhood, with a cluster of modern apartment buildings for upper and upper middle class residents. ==== Palacio Legislativo ==== The Palacio Legislativo in Aguada, the north of the city center, is the seat of the Uruguayan Parliament.
The director and curator of the Museum presents exhibitions in "virtual spaces, supplemented by information, biographies, texts in English and Spanish". In the early 1970s (1973, to be particular) when the military junta took over power in Uruguay, art suffered in Montevideo.
The project was submitted to referendum and rejected in the first polls since 1971, with 58% of the votes against and 42% in favor.
It passed to the city from the heirs of the Tarancos in 1943, along with its precious collection of Uruguayan furniture and draperies and was deemed by the city as an ideal place for a museum; in 1972 it became the Museum of Decorative Arts of Montevideo and in 1975 it became a National Heritage Site.
In 1974 another hundred Uruguayans also disappeared in Argentina.
The park was designated a National Historic Monument Park in 1975.
Established in 1930, Juan Manuel Blanes Museum is situated in the Palladian villa, a National Heritage Site since 1975, and includes a Japanese garden.
Continual decline has been documented since the census period of 1975–1985, which showed a rate of −5.6 per thousand.
Built between 1804 and 1869 in Neoclassical style, with a series of Doric and Ionic columns, it became a National Heritage Site in 1975.
It passed to the city from the heirs of the Tarancos in 1943, along with its precious collection of Uruguayan furniture and draperies and was deemed by the city as an ideal place for a museum; in 1972 it became the Museum of Decorative Arts of Montevideo and in 1975 it became a National Heritage Site.
It was designated a national monument in 1976.
It has been a National Heritage Site since 1976. ==== Parque Prado ==== Established in 1873, the largest of Montevideo's six main public parks is the Parque Prado.
In 1980, the dictatorship proposed a new constitution.
The result weakened the military and triggered its fall, allowing the return of democracy. In the 1980s, Pope John Paul II visited the city twice.
Rainfall and sleet are a frequent winter occurrence, but snowfall is extremely rare: flurries have been recorded only four times but with no accumulation, the last one on 13 July 1930 during the inaugural match of the World Cup, (the other three snowfalls were in 1850, 1853 and 1917); the alleged 1980 Carrasco snowfall was actually a hailstorm. Summers are warm-hot and humid, with less wind than other seasons.
However, the construction boom of the 1970s and 1980s transformed the face of this neighborhood, with a cluster of modern apartment buildings for upper and upper middle class residents. ==== Palacio Legislativo ==== The Palacio Legislativo in Aguada, the north of the city center, is the seat of the Uruguayan Parliament.
There were major problems with supply; the immigration cycle was reversed. From the 1960s to the end of the dictatorship in 1985, around one hundred people died or disappeared because of the political violence.
In 1985, the first shopping center in Rio de la Plata, Montevideo Shopping was built.
The press enjoyed full freedom until the advent of the Civic-military dictatorship (1973–1985); this freedom returned on 1 March 1985, as part of the restoration of democracy. Some of the important newspapers published in the city are: Brecha, La Republica, El Observador, El País, Gaceta Comercial and La Diaria.
In April 1987, as head of state of Vatican, he signed a mediation agreement for the conflict of the Beagle Channel.
In 1988, he returned to the country, visiting Montevideo, Florida, Salto and Melo. === 21st century === The 2002 Uruguay banking crisis affected several industries of Montevideo.
However, municipalities were revived under the 1967 Constitution and have operated continuously since that time. Since 1990, Montevideo has been partially decentralized into 18 areas; administration and services for each area is provided by its Zonal Community Center (Centro Comunal Zonal, CCZ), which is subordinate to the Municipality of Montevideo.
The paper ceased production in the early 1990s.
The boundaries of the municipal districts of Montevideo were created on 12 July 1993, and successively amended on 19 October 1993, 6 June 1994 and 10 November 1994. The city government of Montevideo performs several functions, including maintaining communications with the public, promoting culture, organizing society, caring for the environment and regulating traffic.
The boundaries of the municipal districts of Montevideo were created on 12 July 1993, and successively amended on 19 October 1993, 6 June 1994 and 10 November 1994. The city government of Montevideo performs several functions, including maintaining communications with the public, promoting culture, organizing society, caring for the environment and regulating traffic.
In 1994, with building of three more shopping complexes such as the Shopping Tres Cruces, Portones Shopping, and Punta Carretas Shopping, the business map of the city changed dramatically.
The population had declined since the previous census carried out in 1996, with an average annual growth rate of −1.5 per thousand.
The birth rate declined by 19% from 1996 (17 per thousand) to 2004 (13.8 per thousand).
Similarly, the total fertility rate (TFR) declined from 2.24 in 1996 to 1.79 in 2004.
ORT Uruguay was first established as a non-profit organization in 1942, and was officially certified as a private university in September 1996, becoming the second private educational institution in the country to achieve that status.
Among the notable contributors to the project was sculptor José Belloni, who contributed numerous reliefs and allegorical sculptures. ==== World Trade Center Montevideo ==== World Trade Center Montevideo officially opened in 1998, but work was completed in 2009.
World Trade Center 1 was the first building to be inaugurated, in 1998.
In 1998, the government of Montevideo started a major reconstruction of the theater, which included two US$110,000 columns designed by Philippe Starck.
In a process begun in 1998, the National Museum of Natural History (1837) and the National Museum of Anthropology (1981), merged in 2001, becoming the National Museum of Natural History and Anthropology.
The tower was completed by American Bridge Company and other design/build consortium team members on 15 March 2000. When its construction was announced, many politicians complained about its cost (US$40 million, plus US$25 million for the construction of the other 5 buildings of the Telecommunications Complex).
In a process begun in 1998, the National Museum of Natural History (1837) and the National Museum of Anthropology (1981), merged in 2001, becoming the National Museum of Natural History and Anthropology.
In 1988, he returned to the country, visiting Montevideo, Florida, Salto and Melo. === 21st century === The 2002 Uruguay banking crisis affected several industries of Montevideo.
World Trade Center 2 was inaugurated in 2002, a twin tower of World Trade Center 1.
The historic 19th century General Artigas Central Station located in the neighborhood of Aguada, six blocks from the central business district, was abandoned 1 March 2003 and remains closed.
The reconstruction was completed in 2004, and the theater reopened in August of that year.
The last wave of immigrants occurred between 1945 and 1955. According to the census survey carried out between 15 June and 31 July 2004, Montevideo had a population of 1,325,968 persons, compared to Uruguay's total population of 3,241,003.
The birth rate declined by 19% from 1996 (17 per thousand) to 2004 (13.8 per thousand).
Similarly, the total fertility rate (TFR) declined from 2.24 in 1996 to 1.79 in 2004.
Bicentennial celebrations were held in 2004. In 1897, Pope Leo XIII elevated the church to Metropolitan Cathedral status.
Montevideo is the seat of the administrative headquarters of Mercosur and ALADI, Latin America's leading trade blocs, a position that entailed comparisons to the role of Brussels in Europe. The 2019 Mercer's report on quality of life, rated Montevideo first in Latin America, a rank the city has consistently held since 2005.
Under a presidential decree which went into effect on 1 March 2006, smoking is prohibited in any public place with roofing, and there is a prohibition on the sale of alcohol in certain businesses from 21.00 to 9.00. Montevideo has been part of the UNESCO Creative Cities Network in the area of Literature since December 2015. === The arts === Montevideo has a very rich architectural heritage and an impressive number of writers, artists, and musicians.
The main environmental problems are subaquatic sedimentation and air and water contamination. Every year more than one hundred cruises arrive, bringing tourists to Montevideo by public or private tours. ==Education== ===Public education=== The University of the Republic is the country's largest and most important university, with a student body of 81,774, according to the census of 2007.
Among the notable contributors to the project was sculptor José Belloni, who contributed numerous reliefs and allegorical sculptures. ==== World Trade Center Montevideo ==== World Trade Center Montevideo officially opened in 1998, but work was completed in 2009.
Finally, in 2009, World Trade Center 3 and the World Trade Center Plaza and the Towers Square were inaugurated.
In July 2009, the two institutions again became independent.
According to the 2011 census, the city proper has a population of 1,319,108 (about one-third of the country's total population) in an area of .
However, mortality continued to fall with life expectancy at birth for both sexes increasing by 1.73 years. In the census of 2011, Montevideo had a population of 1,319,108. Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística de Uruguay == Government and politics == ===Intendencia de Montevideo=== The Municipality of Montevideo was first created by a legal act of 18 December 1908.
Described as a "vibrant, eclectic place with a rich cultural life", and "a thriving tech center and entrepreneurial culture", Montevideo ranked eighth in Latin America on the 2013 MasterCard Global Destination Cities Index. In 2014, it was also regarded as the fifth most gay-friendly metropolis in the world and the first in Latin America.
In 2013 Nuevocentro Shopping, a shopping mall located in the Jacinto Vera neighborhood, was inaugurated. Apart from the big shopping complexes, the main retailing venues of the city are: most of 18 de Julio Avenue in the Centro and Cordón barrios, a length of Agraciada Avenue in the Paso de Molino area of Belvedere, a length of Arenal Grande St.
Described as a "vibrant, eclectic place with a rich cultural life", and "a thriving tech center and entrepreneurial culture", Montevideo ranked eighth in Latin America on the 2013 MasterCard Global Destination Cities Index. In 2014, it was also regarded as the fifth most gay-friendly metropolis in the world and the first in Latin America.
, the Archbishop of Montevideo is Daniel Fernando Sturla Berhouet, SDB, since his appointment on 11 February 2014. Other religious faiths in Montevideo are Protestantism, Umbanda, Judaism, and there are many people who define themselves as Atheists and Agnostics, while others profess "believing in God but without religion". ==== Montevideo Metropolitan Cathedral ==== The Montevideo Metropolitan Cathedral is the main Roman Catholic church of Montevideo.
Under a presidential decree which went into effect on 1 March 2006, smoking is prohibited in any public place with roofing, and there is a prohibition on the sale of alcohol in certain businesses from 21.00 to 9.00. Montevideo has been part of the UNESCO Creative Cities Network in the area of Literature since December 2015. === The arts === Montevideo has a very rich architectural heritage and an impressive number of writers, artists, and musicians.
Its seat is the architecturally remarkable Casa de Francisco Gómez in Ciudad Vieja. A 2016 private ranking named Subnational Legislative Online Opening Index measured the data availability in official websites, scoring Montevideo as the second most open district nationally at 17.50 points. ===Intendants of Montevideo=== Daniel Muñoz (1909–1911) Ramón V.
In 2020, it has a projected GDP of $49.7 billion, with a per capita of $28,385. In 2018, it was classified as a beta global city ranking eighth in Latin America and 84th in the world.
Montevideo is the seat of the administrative headquarters of Mercosur and ALADI, Latin America's leading trade blocs, a position that entailed comparisons to the role of Brussels in Europe. The 2019 Mercer's report on quality of life, rated Montevideo first in Latin America, a rank the city has consistently held since 2005.
In 2020, it has a projected GDP of $49.7 billion, with a per capita of $28,385. In 2018, it was classified as a beta global city ranking eighth in Latin America and 84th in the world.
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