On 17 March 1768, a slave rebellion failed but their efforts were remembered.
Festivities celebrate the culture and history of Montserrat in song, dance, food and traditional costumes. In 1782, during the American Revolutionary War, as America's first ally, France captured Montserrat in their war of support of the Americans.
The French, not intent on truly colonising the island, then agreed to return the island to Great Britain under the 1783 Treaty of Paris. === Irish language in Montserrat === The Irish constituted the largest proportion of the white population from the founding of the colony in 1628.
The Kilkenny diarist and Irish scholar Amhlaoibh Ó Súilleabháin noted in 1831 that he had heard that Irish was still spoken in Montserrat by both black and white inhabitants. In 1852, Henry H.
Slavery was abolished in 1834.
The Kilkenny diarist and Irish scholar Amhlaoibh Ó Súilleabháin noted in 1831 that he had heard that Irish was still spoken in Montserrat by both black and white inhabitants. In 1852, Henry H.
In 1869, the family established the Montserrat Company Limited and planted Key lime trees, started the commercial production of lime juice, set up a school, and sold parcels of land to the inhabitants of the island.
Much of Montserrat came to be owned by smallholders. From 1871 to 1958, Montserrat was administered as part of the federal crown colony of the British Leeward Islands, becoming a province of the short-lived West Indies Federation from 1958 to 1962.
Raised in 1899, the unit is today a reduced force of about forty volunteer soldiers, primarily concerned with civil defence and ceremonial duties.
Butler in The Atheneum (15 July 1905) quotes an account by a Cork civil servant, C.
Two grounds on the island have held first-class matches for the Leeward Islands, the first and most historic was Sturge Park in Plymouth, which had been in use since the 1920s.
– The Volcano-Seismic Crisis at Montserrat, 1933-37.
Much of Montserrat came to be owned by smallholders. From 1871 to 1958, Montserrat was administered as part of the federal crown colony of the British Leeward Islands, becoming a province of the short-lived West Indies Federation from 1958 to 1962.
The first Chief Minister of Montserrat was William Henry Bramble of the Montserrat Labour Party from 1960 to 1970; he worked to promote labour rights and boost tourism to the island, and Montserrat's original airport was named in his honour.
Much of Montserrat came to be owned by smallholders. From 1871 to 1958, Montserrat was administered as part of the federal crown colony of the British Leeward Islands, becoming a province of the short-lived West Indies Federation from 1958 to 1962.
Fergus, author, poet and three time acting governor of Montserrat Patricia Griffin, pioneer nurse and volunteer social worker, honored on a 2006 series of stamps recognizing notable citizens George Irish, writer, human rights activist Helen Joseph, Miss Montserrat 1964 and Top 16 in Miss World 1964 E.
The first Chief Minister of Montserrat was William Henry Bramble of the Montserrat Labour Party from 1960 to 1970; he worked to promote labour rights and boost tourism to the island, and Montserrat's original airport was named in his honour.
Wells conducted research into speech in Montserrat in 1977–78 (which included also Montserratians resident in London).
The period 1978 to 1991 was dominated politically by Chief Minister John Osborne and his People's Liberation Movement; his brief flirtation with possibly declaring independence never materialised. Corruption allegations within the PLM party resulted in the collapse of the Osborne government in 1991, with Reuben Meade becoming the new chief minister.
The value of imports totaled US$31.02 million (2016 est.), consisting primarily of machinery and transportation equipment, foodstuffs, manufactured goods, fuels and lubricants. In 1979, The Beatles producer George Martin opened AIR Studios Montserrat, making the island popular with musicians who often went there to record while taking advantage of the island's climate and beautiful surroundings.
The current national team relies mostly on the diaspora resident in England and in the last WCQ against Curaçao nearly all the squad members played and lived in England. === Surfing === Carrll Robilotta, whose parents moved from the United States to Montserrat in 1980, was responsible for pioneering the sport of surfing on the island.
In 1985, the people of Montserrat made St Patrick's Day a ten-day public holiday to commemorate the uprising.
In the early hours of 17 September 1989, Hurricane Hugo passed the island as a Category 4 hurricane, damaging more than 90% of the structures on the island.
During the late 1990s, additional eruptions occurred.
The period 1978 to 1991 was dominated politically by Chief Minister John Osborne and his People's Liberation Movement; his brief flirtation with possibly declaring independence never materialised. Corruption allegations within the PLM party resulted in the collapse of the Osborne government in 1991, with Reuben Meade becoming the new chief minister.
An estimated 8,000 refugees left the island (primarily to the UK) following the resumption of volcanic activity in July 1995; the population was 13,000 in 1994.
In other more rural areas, people prefer to eat homemade food, like the traditional mahi mahi and local breads. == Sport == ===Yachting=== Montserrat is home to the Montserrat Yachting Association. === Athletics === Montserrat has competed in every Commonwealth Games since 1994. === Basketball === Basketball is growing in popularity in Montserrat with the country now setting up their own basketball league.
Montserrat is the only non-fully sovereign full member of the Caribbean Community and the Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States. On 18 July 1995, the previously dormant Soufrière Hills volcano, in the southern part of the island, became active.
Between 1995 and 2000, two-thirds of the island's population was forced to flee, primarily to the United Kingdom, leaving fewer than 1200 people on the island in 1997 (rising to nearly 5000 by 2016).
As a result, early elections were called. In 1995, Montserrat was devastated by the catastrophic volcanic eruptions of the Soufrière Hills, which destroyed the capital city of Plymouth, and necessitated the evacuation of a large part of the island.
It was first bred in captivity at the Chester Zoo in August 2016. == Economy == Montserrat's economy was devastated by the 1995 eruption and its aftermath; currently the island's operating budget is largely supplied by the British government and administered through the Department for International Development (DFID) amounting to approximately £25 million per year.
An estimated 8,000 refugees left the island (primarily to the UK) following the resumption of volcanic activity in July 1995; the population was 13,000 in 1994.
After the volcanic eruptions of 1995 through 1997, and until his death in 2016, George Martin raised funds to help the victims and families on the island.
Others have been evacuated or destroyed since 1995. Amersham Beech Hill Bethel Bramble Bransby Bugby Hole Cork Hill Dagenham Delvins Dyers Elberton Farm Fairfield Fairy Walk Farrells Farells Yard Ffryes Fox's Bay Gages Gallways Estate Gringoes Gun Hill Happy Hill Harris Harris Lookout Hermitage Hodge's Hill Jubilee Kinsale Lees Locust Valley Long Ground Molyneux Morris Parsons Plymouth Richmond Richmond Hill Roche's Yard Robuscus Mt Shooter's Hill Soufrière Spanish Point St.
Between 1995 and 2000, two-thirds of the island's population was forced to flee, primarily to the United Kingdom, leaving fewer than 1200 people on the island in 1997 (rising to nearly 5000 by 2016).
The eruptions rendered the entire southern half of the island uninhabitable, and it is currently designated an Exclusion Zone with restricted access. Criticism of the Montserratian government's response to the disaster led to the resignation of Chief Minister Bertrand Osborne in 1997, after only a year in office, and being replaced by David Brandt who remained in office until 2001.
On 25 June 1997, a pyroclastic flow travelled down Mosquito Ghaut.
The species has undergone catastrophic declines due to the amphibian disease Chytridiomycosis and the volcanic eruption in 1997.
After the volcanic eruptions of 1995 through 1997, and until his death in 2016, George Martin raised funds to help the victims and families on the island.
The first event was a star-studded event at London's Royal Albert Hall in September 1997 (Music for Montserrat) featuring many artists who had previously recorded on the island including Paul McCartney, Mark Knopfler, Elton John, Sting, Phil Collins, Eric Clapton and Midge Ure.
This was destroyed in 1997 by the volcanic eruption.
See also List of settlements abandoned after the 1997 Soufrière Hills eruption. === Settlements in the safe zone === Baker Hill Banks Barzeys Blakes Brades Carr's Bay Cavalla Hill Cheap End Cudjoe Head Davy Hill Dick Hill Drummonds Flemmings Fogarty Frith Garibaldi Hill Gerald's Hope Jack Boy Hill Judy Piece Katy Hill Lawyers Mountain Little Bay Lookout Manjack Mongo Hill New Windward Estate Nixons Old Towne Olveston Salem Shinlands St.
Peter's Sweeney's Woodlands === Abandoned settlements in the exclusion zone === Settlements in italics have been destroyed by pyroclastic flows since the 1997 eruption.
Several others in the area suffered severe burns. In recognition of the disaster, in 1998, the people of Montserrat were granted full residency rights in the United Kingdom, allowing them to migrate if they chose.
Between 1995 and 2000, two-thirds of the island's population was forced to flee, primarily to the United Kingdom, leaving fewer than 1200 people on the island in 1997 (rising to nearly 5000 by 2016).
British citizenship was granted in 2002. For a number of years in the early 2000s, the volcano's activity consisted mostly of infrequent ventings of ash into the uninhabited areas in the south.
A new ground, the Salem Oval, was constructed and opened in 2000.
The eruptions rendered the entire southern half of the island uninhabitable, and it is currently designated an Exclusion Zone with restricted access. Criticism of the Montserratian government's response to the disaster led to the resignation of Chief Minister Bertrand Osborne in 1997, after only a year in office, and being replaced by David Brandt who remained in office until 2001.
Since leaving office, Brandt has been the subject of criminal investigation into alleged sex offences with minors. John Osborne returned as Chief Minister following victory in the 2001 election, being ousted by Lowell Lewis of the Montserrat Democratic Party in 2006.
In 2001, the CIA estimated the primary religion as Protestant (67.1%, including Anglican 21.8%, Methodist 17%, Pentecostal 14.1%, Seventh-day Adventist 10.5%, and Church of God 3.7%), with Roman Catholics constituting 11.6%, Rastafarian 1.4%, other 6.5%, none 2.6%, unspecified 10.8%. === Ethnic groups === Residents of Montserrat are known as Montserratians.
British citizenship was granted in 2002. For a number of years in the early 2000s, the volcano's activity consisted mostly of infrequent ventings of ash into the uninhabited areas in the south.
A second ground has been constructed at Little Bay. === Football === Montserrat has its own FIFA affiliated football team, and has competed in the World Cup qualifiers five times but failed to advance to the finals from 2002 to 2018.
In 2002, the team competed in a friendly match with the second-lowest-ranked team in FIFA at that time, Bhutan, in The Other Final, the same day as the final of the 2002 World Cup.
In February 2005, Princess Anne officially opened what is now called the John A.
A species action plan has been developed for this species. In 2005, a biodiversity assessment for the Centre Hills was conducted.
Since leaving office, Brandt has been the subject of criminal investigation into alleged sex offences with minors. John Osborne returned as Chief Minister following victory in the 2001 election, being ousted by Lowell Lewis of the Montserrat Democratic Party in 2006.
Until 2006, this species was known only from one book about the vegetation of Montserrat.
In 2006, conservationists also rescued several plants of the endangered Montserrat orchid (Epidendrum montserratense) from dead trees on the island and installed them in the security of the island's botanic garden. Montserrat is also home to the critically endangered giant ditch frog (Leptodactylus fallax), known locally as the mountain chicken, found only in Montserrat and Dominica.
Fergus, author, poet and three time acting governor of Montserrat Patricia Griffin, pioneer nurse and volunteer social worker, honored on a 2006 series of stamps recognizing notable citizens George Irish, writer, human rights activist Helen Joseph, Miss Montserrat 1964 and Top 16 in Miss World 1964 E.
The ride is about an hour and a half and operates five days a week. == Demographics == The island had a population of 5,879 (according to a 2008 estimate).
In the most recent period of increased activity at the Soufrière Hills volcano, from November 2009 through February 2010, ash vented and there was a vulcanian explosion that sent pyroclastic flows down several sides of the mountain.
Bramble Airport, the remnants of which were buried by flows from volcanic activity on 11 February 2010. An exclusion zone, encompassing the southern half of the island to as far north as parts of the Belham Valley, was imposed because of the size of the existing volcanic dome and the resulting potential for pyroclastic activity.
Relatively quiet since early 2010, the volcano continues to be closely monitored by the Montserrat Volcano Observatory. A new town and port are being developed at Little Bay, which is on the northwest coast of the island.
In the most recent period of increased activity at the Soufrière Hills volcano, from November 2009 through February 2010, ash vented and there was a vulcanian explosion that sent pyroclastic flows down several sides of the mountain.
Since 2011, it handles several flights daily operated by Fly Montserrat Airways.
The 2011 Montserrat census indicated a population of 4,922.
"Montserrat" means "serrated mountain" in Catalan. == History == ===Pre-colonial era=== Archaeological field work in 2012, in Montserrat's Centre Hills indicated there was an Archaic (pre-Arawak) occupation between 4000 and 2500 BP (2000–500 BC).
Since 2014 the area has been split into multiple subzones with varying entry and use restrictions, based on volcanic activity: some areas even being (in 2020) open 24 hours and inhabited.
Between 1995 and 2000, two-thirds of the island's population was forced to flee, primarily to the United Kingdom, leaving fewer than 1200 people on the island in 1997 (rising to nearly 5000 by 2016).
These are July 2016 estimates.
It was first bred in captivity at the Chester Zoo in August 2016. == Economy == Montserrat's economy was devastated by the 1995 eruption and its aftermath; currently the island's operating budget is largely supplied by the British government and administered through the Department for International Development (DFID) amounting to approximately £25 million per year.
Two exploratory geothermal wells have found good resources and the pad for a third geothermal well was prepared in 2016.
After the volcanic eruptions of 1995 through 1997, and until his death in 2016, George Martin raised funds to help the victims and families on the island.
The total fertility rate is 1.8 children born/woman (2003 est.). According to a United Nations estimate, the population as of April 2018 was 5,197 (for a density of 52 per square kilometer or 135 people per square mile), with just over 90% living in non-urban areas.
A second ground has been constructed at Little Bay. === Football === Montserrat has its own FIFA affiliated football team, and has competed in the World Cup qualifiers five times but failed to advance to the finals from 2002 to 2018.
A 250 kW solar PV station was commissioned in 2019, with plans for another 750 kW. A report published by the CIA indicated that the value of exports totaled the equivalent of US$5.7 million (2017 est.), consisting primarily of electronic components, plastic bags, apparel, hot peppers, limes, live plants and cattle.
Since 2014 the area has been split into multiple subzones with varying entry and use restrictions, based on volcanic activity: some areas even being (in 2020) open 24 hours and inhabited.
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