The capital and largest city of Mozambique is Maputo (known as Lourenço Marques from 1876 to 1976). Between the first and fifth centuries AD, Bantu-speaking peoples migrated to present-day Mozambique from farther north and west.
Statistics for the dioceses range from a low 5.8% Catholics in the population in the Diocese of Chimoio, to 32.50% in Quelimane diocese (Anuario catolico de Mocambique 2007). The work of Methodism in Mozambique started in 1890.
The island-town was the capital of the Portuguese colony until 1898, when it was moved south to Lourenço Marques (now Maputo). ==History== ===Bantu migrations=== Bantu-speaking people's migration into Mozambique dates as far back as the 4th century BC.
This was what happened in 1942 with the Mozambique Company, which however continued to operate in the agricultural and commercial sectors as a corporation, and had already happened in 1929 with the termination of the Niassa Company's concession.
This was what happened in 1942 with the Mozambique Company, which however continued to operate in the agricultural and commercial sectors as a corporation, and had already happened in 1929 with the termination of the Niassa Company's concession.
It first began sending missionaries to Mozambique in 1999, and, as of April 2015, has more than 7,943 members. The Baháʼí Faith has been present in Mozambique since the early 1950s but did not openly identify itself in those years because of the strong influence of the Catholic Church which did not recognise it officially as a world religion.
In 1951, the Portuguese overseas colonies in Africa were rebranded as Overseas Provinces of Portugal. ===Mozambican War of Independence (1964–1975)=== As communist and anti-colonial ideologies spread out across Africa, many clandestine political movements were established in support of Mozambican independence.
As a response to the guerrilla movement, the Portuguese government from the 1960s and principally the early 1970s initiated gradual changes with new socioeconomic developments and egalitarian policies.
The Front for the Liberation of Mozambique (FRELIMO) initiated a guerrilla campaign against Portuguese rule in September 1964.
As a response to the guerrilla movement, the Portuguese government from the 1960s and principally the early 1970s initiated gradual changes with new socioeconomic developments and egalitarian policies.
The twin pillars of Mozambique's foreign policy are maintenance of good relations with its neighbours and maintenance and expansion of ties to development partners. During the 1970s and the early 1980s, Mozambique's foreign policy was inextricably linked to the struggles for majority rule in Rhodesia and South Africa as well as superpower competition and the Cold War.
As part of their response to FRELIMO, the Portuguese government began to pay more attention to creating favourable conditions for social development and economic growth. === Independence (1975) === FRELIMO took control of the territory after ten years of sporadic warfare, as well as Portugal's own return to democracy after the fall of the authoritarian Estado Novo regime in the Carnation Revolution of April 1974 and the failed coup of 25 November 1975.
After over four centuries of Portuguese rule, Mozambique gained independence in 1975, becoming the People's Republic of Mozambique shortly thereafter.
As part of their response to FRELIMO, the Portuguese government began to pay more attention to creating favourable conditions for social development and economic growth. === Independence (1975) === FRELIMO took control of the territory after ten years of sporadic warfare, as well as Portugal's own return to democracy after the fall of the authoritarian Estado Novo regime in the Carnation Revolution of April 1974 and the failed coup of 25 November 1975.
Within a year, most of the 250,000 Portuguese in Mozambique had left—some expelled by the government of the nearly independent territory, some left the country to avoid possible reprisals from the unstable government —and Mozambique became independent from Portugal on 25 June 1975.
Many of these left the country after independence from Portugal in 1975.
The independence in 1975 saw the entrance of new pioneers.
After independence in 1975, modern art came into a new phase.
Pitcher, Anne, Transforming Mozambique: The politics of privatisation, 1975–2000 Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2002 Varia, "Religion in Mozambique", LFM: Social sciences & Missions No.
17, December 2005 ==Novels== Mia Couto, Sleepwalking Land, 2006 Laurent Gaudé, Dans la nuit Mozambique, Actes Sud, 2007, Michèle Manceaux, Les Femmes du Mozambique, Mercure de France, 1975 ==External links== Government Republic of Mozambique Official Government Portal General information Social Atlas from World Bank Country Profile from BBC News Mozambique.
The capital and largest city of Mozambique is Maputo (known as Lourenço Marques from 1876 to 1976). Between the first and fifth centuries AD, Bantu-speaking peoples migrated to present-day Mozambique from farther north and west.
(eds), The War Within New Perspectives on the Civil War in Mozambique, 1976–1992 (Oxford: James Currey, 2018) Morier-Genoud, Eric, "Mozambique since 1989: Shaping democracy after Socialism" in A.R.Mustapha & L.Whitfield (eds), Turning Points in African Democracy, Oxford: James Currey, 2008, pp. 153–166. Newitt, Malyn, A History of Mozambique Indiana University Press.
After only two years of independence, the country descended into an intense and protracted civil war lasting from 1977 to 1992.
Starting shortly after the independence, the country was plagued from 1977 to 1992 by a long and violent civil war between the opposition forces of anti-communist Mozambican National Resistance (RENAMO) rebel militias and the FRELIMO regime.
The twin pillars of Mozambique's foreign policy are maintenance of good relations with its neighbours and maintenance and expansion of ties to development partners. During the 1970s and the early 1980s, Mozambique's foreign policy was inextricably linked to the struggles for majority rule in Rhodesia and South Africa as well as superpower competition and the Cold War.
Although the change of government in Zimbabwe in 1980 removed this threat, the government of South Africa continued to destabilise Mozambique.
A lot of the post-independence art during the 1980s and 1990s reflect the political struggle, civil war, suffering, starvation, and struggle. Dances are usually intricate, highly developed traditions throughout Mozambique.
This began to change in 1983; in 1984 Mozambique joined the World Bank and International Monetary Fund.
Mozambique also belonged to the Front Line States. The 1984 Nkomati Accord, while failing in its goal of ending South African support to RENAMO, opened initial diplomatic contacts between the Mozambican and South African governments.
This began to change in 1983; in 1984 Mozambique joined the World Bank and International Monetary Fund.
The civil war took about 600 000 lives, by 1990, the number increased to over a million people. On 19 October 1986, Samora Machel was on his way back from an international meeting in Zambia in the presidential Tupolev Tu-134 aircraft when the plane crashed in the Lebombo Mountains near Mbuzini.
However, it was re-established in 1986. Administrative posts are headed by a Secretários (secretaries), which before independence were called Chefes de Posto (post chiefs). Administrative posts can be further subdivided into localities, also headed by secretaries. === Human rights === Same-sex sexual activity has been legal since 2015.
(eds), The War Within New Perspectives on the Civil War in Mozambique, 1976–1992 (Oxford: James Currey, 2018) Morier-Genoud, Eric, "Mozambique since 1989: Shaping democracy after Socialism" in A.R.Mustapha & L.Whitfield (eds), Turning Points in African Democracy, Oxford: James Currey, 2008, pp. 153–166. Newitt, Malyn, A History of Mozambique Indiana University Press.
The civil war took about 600 000 lives, by 1990, the number increased to over a million people. On 19 October 1986, Samora Machel was on his way back from an international meeting in Zambia in the presidential Tupolev Tu-134 aircraft when the plane crashed in the Lebombo Mountains near Mbuzini.
The new constitution enacted in 1990 provided for a multi-party political system, market-based economy, and free elections.
The Igreja Metodista Unida em Moçambique (UMC in Mozambique) observed the 100th anniversary of Methodist presence in Mozambique in 1990.
This is compared with 598.8 in 2008 and 385 in 1990.
A lot of the post-independence art during the 1980s and 1990s reflect the political struggle, civil war, suffering, starvation, and struggle. Dances are usually intricate, highly developed traditions throughout Mozambique.
After only two years of independence, the country descended into an intense and protracted civil war lasting from 1977 to 1992.
Starting shortly after the independence, the country was plagued from 1977 to 1992 by a long and violent civil war between the opposition forces of anti-communist Mozambican National Resistance (RENAMO) rebel militias and the FRELIMO regime.
The civil war ended in October 1992 with the Rome General Peace Accords, first brokered by the Christian Council of Mozambique (Council of Protestant Churches) and then taken over by Community of Sant'Egidio.
Since the end of the civil war in 1992, about 300 RENAMO guards had remained armed and refused to join the national army or the police force. === Foreign relations === While allegiances dating back to the liberation struggle remain relevant, Mozambique's foreign policy has become increasingly pragmatic.
This process gained momentum with South Africa's elimination of apartheid, which culminated in the establishment of full diplomatic relations in October 1993.
In 1994, Mozambique held its first multiparty elections, and has since remained a relatively stable presidential republic, although it still faces a low-intensity insurgency. Mozambique is endowed with rich and extensive natural resources.
Peace returned to Mozambique, under the supervision of the ONUMOZ peacekeeping force of the United Nations. ===Democratic era (1993–present)=== Mozambique held elections in 1994, which were accepted by most political parties as free and fair although still contested by many nationals and observers alike.
In the 1994 elections, Joaquim Chissano was elected president with 53% of the vote, and a 250-member National Assembly was voted in with 129 Liberation Front of Mozambique (FRELIMO) deputies, 112 Mozambican National Resistance (RENAMO) deputies, and nine representatives of three smaller parties that formed the Democratic Union (UD).
Since its formation in 1994, the National Assembly has made progress in becoming a body increasingly more independent of the executive.
In 1994, the government became a full member of the Organisation of the Islamic Conference, in part to broaden its base of international support but also to please the country's sizeable Muslim population.
Discrimination against LGBT people in Mozambique is widespread. ==Economy== Mozambique is one of the poorest and most underdeveloped countries in the world, even though between 1994 and 2006 its average annual GDP growth was approximately 8%.
FRELIMO won, under Joaquim Chissano, while RENAMO, led by Afonso Dhlakama, ran as the official opposition. In 1995, Mozambique joined the Commonwealth of Nations, becoming, at the time, the only member nation that had never been part of the British Empire. By mid-1995, over 1.7 million refugees who had sought asylum in neighbouring countries had returned to Mozambique, part of the largest repatriation witnessed in sub-Saharan Africa.
Similarly, in 1995 Mozambique joined its Anglophone neighbours in the Commonwealth of Nations.
A joint donor-government study in early 2007 said 'Mozambique is generally considered an aid success story.' ===Rebounding growth=== The resettlement of civil war refugees and successful economic reform have led to a high growth rate: the country enjoyed a remarkable recovery, achieving an average annual rate of economic growth of 8% between 1996 and 2006 and between 6–7% from 2006 to 2011.
By 1999, more than one-half (53%) of the legislation passed originated in the Assembly. After some delays, in 1998 the country held its first local elections to provide for local representation and some budgetary authority at the municipal level.
Turnout was very low. In the aftermath of the 1998 local elections, the government resolved to make more accommodations to the opposition's procedural concerns for the second round of multiparty national elections in 1999.
Working through the National Assembly, the electoral law was rewritten and passed by consensus in December 1998.
Since 1998, 53 "Municípios" (Municipalities) have been created in Mozambique. {| border="0" |style="vertical-align:middle;"| Niassa Cabo Delgado Nampula Tete Zambezia Manica Sofala Gaza Inhambane Maputo (city) Maputo | style="width:230px; vertical-align:middle;"| |} The districts of Mozambique are divided into 405 postos. Postos administrativos (administrative posts) are the main subdivisions of districts.
In urban areas, water is supplied by informal small-scale providers and by formal providers. Beginning in 1998, Mozambique has reformed the formal part of the urban water supply sector through the creation of an independent regulatory agency called CRA, an asset-holding company called FIPAG and a Public-private partnership (PPP) with a company called Aguas de Moçambique.
Then-Mozambique President Chissano praised the work and role of the UMC to more than 10,000 people who attended the ceremony. The United Methodist Church has tripled in size in Mozambique since 1998.
An additional four million internally displaced persons had returned to their homes. In December 1999, Mozambique held elections for a second time since the civil war, which were again won by FRELIMO.
By 1999, more than one-half (53%) of the legislation passed originated in the Assembly. After some delays, in 1998 the country held its first local elections to provide for local representation and some budgetary authority at the municipal level.
Turnout was very low. In the aftermath of the 1998 local elections, the government resolved to make more accommodations to the opposition's procedural concerns for the second round of multiparty national elections in 1999.
Financed largely by international donors, a very successful voter registration was conducted from July to September 1999, providing voter registration cards to 85% of the potential electorate (more than seven million voters). The second general elections were held 3–5 December 1999, with high voter turnout.
The government introduced a value-added tax in 1999 as part of its efforts to increase domestic revenues.
It first began sending missionaries to Mozambique in 1999, and, as of April 2015, has more than 7,943 members. The Baháʼí Faith has been present in Mozambique since the early 1950s but did not openly identify itself in those years because of the strong influence of the Catholic Church which did not recognise it officially as a world religion.
RENAMO accused FRELIMO of fraud, and threatened to return to civil war, but backed down after taking the matter to the Supreme Court and losing. In early 2000, a cyclone caused widespread flooding in the country, killing hundreds and devastating the already precarious infrastructure.
In the end, however, international and domestic observers concluded that the close result of the vote reflected the will of the people. President Chissano won the presidency with a margin of 4% over the RENAMO-Electoral Union coalition candidate, Afonso Dhlakama, and began his five-year term in January 2000.
The devastating floods of early 2000 slowed GDP growth to 2.1%, but a full recovery was achieved in 2001 with growth of 14.8%..
Since 2001, Mozambique's annual average GDP growth has been among the world's highest.
Carlos Cardoso, a journalist investigating these allegations, was murdered, and his death was never satisfactorily explained. Indicating in 2001 that he would not run for a third term, Chissano criticised leaders who stayed on longer than he had, which was generally seen as a reference to Zambian president Frederick Chiluba, who at the time was considering a third term, and Zimbabwean president Robert Mugabe, then in his fourth term.
The devastating floods of early 2000 slowed GDP growth to 2.1%, but a full recovery was achieved in 2001 with growth of 14.8%..
Girls’ enrolment increased from 3 million in 2002 to 4.1 million in 2006 while the completion rate increased from 31,000 to 90,000, which testified a very poor completion rate. After grade 7, pupils must take standardised national exams to enter secondary school, which runs from eighth to 10th grade.
Pitcher, Anne, Transforming Mozambique: The politics of privatisation, 1975–2000 Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2002 Varia, "Religion in Mozambique", LFM: Social sciences & Missions No.
The opposition did not file a complaint about the results of the legislative vote. The second local elections, involving thirty-three municipalities with some 2.4 million registered voters, took place in November 2003.
The government would go on to approve a new general elections law in May 2009 that contained innovations based on the experience of the 2003 municipal elections. Presidential and National Assembly elections took place on 1–2 December 2004.
Plans for 2003–04 included Commercial Code reform; comprehensive judicial reform; financial sector strengthening; continued civil service reform; and improved government budget, audit, and inspection capability.
Presidential and National Assembly elections took place on 1–2 December 2004.
The government would go on to approve a new general elections law in May 2009 that contained innovations based on the experience of the 2003 municipal elections. Presidential and National Assembly elections took place on 1–2 December 2004.
Public expenditure on health was at 2.7% of the GDP in 2004, whereas private expenditure on health was at 1.3% in the same year.
Health expenditure per capita was 42 US$ (PPP) in 2004.
Columbia University Press, 2004.
Guebuza was inaugurated as the President of Mozambique on 2 February 2005, and served two five-year terms.
Armando Guebuza was inaugurated as the President of Mozambique on 2 February 2005. RENAMO and some other opposition parties made claims of election fraud and denounced the result.
According to a USAID report written in 2005, "the scale and scope of corruption in Mozambique are cause for alarm." In March 2012, the government of the southern Mozambican province of Inhambane uncovered the misappropriation of public funds by the director of the Provincial Anti-Drugs Office, Calisto Alberto Tomo.
Infant mortality was at 100 per 1,000 births in 2005. The 2010 maternal mortality rate per 100,000 births for Mozambique is 550.
17, December 2005 ==Novels== Mia Couto, Sleepwalking Land, 2006 Laurent Gaudé, Dans la nuit Mozambique, Actes Sud, 2007, Michèle Manceaux, Les Femmes du Mozambique, Mercure de France, 1975 ==External links== Government Republic of Mozambique Official Government Portal General information Social Atlas from World Bank Country Profile from BBC News Mozambique.
Discrimination against LGBT people in Mozambique is widespread. ==Economy== Mozambique is one of the poorest and most underdeveloped countries in the world, even though between 1994 and 2006 its average annual GDP growth was approximately 8%.
In a 2006 survey, three-quarters of Mozambicans said that in the past five years their economic position had remained the same or become worse. Mozambique's official currency is the New Metical (as of March 2018, US$1 is roughly equivalent to 62 New Meticals), which replaced old Meticals at the rate of a thousand to one.
A joint donor-government study in early 2007 said 'Mozambique is generally considered an aid success story.' ===Rebounding growth=== The resettlement of civil war refugees and successful economic reform have led to a high growth rate: the country enjoyed a remarkable recovery, achieving an average annual rate of economic growth of 8% between 1996 and 2006 and between 6–7% from 2006 to 2011.
Girls’ enrolment increased from 3 million in 2002 to 4.1 million in 2006 while the completion rate increased from 31,000 to 90,000, which testified a very poor completion rate. After grade 7, pupils must take standardised national exams to enter secondary school, which runs from eighth to 10th grade.
Entire Text Online Mwakikagile, Godfrey, Africa and America in The Sixties: A Decade That Changed The Nation and The Destiny of A Continent, First Edition, New Africa Press, 2006, Mwakikagile, Godfrey, Nyerere and Africa: End of an Era, Third Edition, New Africa Press, 2006, "Chapter Seven: "The Struggle for Mozambique: The Founding of FRELIMO in Tanzania," pp. 206–225, Morier-Genoud, Eric, Cahen, Michel and do Rosário, Domingos M.
17, December 2005 ==Novels== Mia Couto, Sleepwalking Land, 2006 Laurent Gaudé, Dans la nuit Mozambique, Actes Sud, 2007, Michèle Manceaux, Les Femmes du Mozambique, Mercure de France, 1975 ==External links== Government Republic of Mozambique Official Government Portal General information Social Atlas from World Bank Country Profile from BBC News Mozambique.
The World Bank in 2007 talked of Mozambique's 'blistering pace of economic growth'.
A joint donor-government study in early 2007 said 'Mozambique is generally considered an aid success story.' ===Rebounding growth=== The resettlement of civil war refugees and successful economic reform have led to a high growth rate: the country enjoyed a remarkable recovery, achieving an average annual rate of economic growth of 8% between 1996 and 2006 and between 6–7% from 2006 to 2011.
In 2007 the government has defined a strategy for water supply and sanitation in rural areas, where 62% of the population lives.
Statistics for the dioceses range from a low 5.8% Catholics in the population in the Diocese of Chimoio, to 32.50% in Quelimane diocese (Anuario catolico de Mocambique 2007). The work of Methodism in Mozambique started in 1890.
In 2007, one million children still did not go to school, most of them from poor rural families, and almost half of all teachers in Mozambique were still unqualified.
17, December 2005 ==Novels== Mia Couto, Sleepwalking Land, 2006 Laurent Gaudé, Dans la nuit Mozambique, Actes Sud, 2007, Michèle Manceaux, Les Femmes du Mozambique, Mercure de France, 1975 ==External links== Government Republic of Mozambique Official Government Portal General information Social Atlas from World Bank Country Profile from BBC News Mozambique.
However, the PPP ended when the management contracts for four cities expired in 2008 and when the foreign partner of the company that serves the capital under a lease contract withdrew in 2010, claiming heavy losses. While urban water supply has received considerable policy attention, the government has no strategy for urban sanitation yet. External donors finance about 87.4% of all public investments in the sector.
This is compared with 598.8 in 2008 and 385 in 1990.
(eds), The War Within New Perspectives on the Civil War in Mozambique, 1976–1992 (Oxford: James Currey, 2018) Morier-Genoud, Eric, "Mozambique since 1989: Shaping democracy after Socialism" in A.R.Mustapha & L.Whitfield (eds), Turning Points in African Democracy, Oxford: James Currey, 2008, pp. 153–166. Newitt, Malyn, A History of Mozambique Indiana University Press.
The government would go on to approve a new general elections law in May 2009 that contained innovations based on the experience of the 2003 municipal elections. Presidential and National Assembly elections took place on 1–2 December 2004.
However, in 2012, more than 90% of Mozambique's arable land was still uncultivated. In 2013, a BBC article reported that starting in 2009, Portuguese had been returning to Mozambique because of the growing economy in Mozambique and the poor economic situation in Portugal. ===Economic reforms=== More than 1,200 mostly small state-owned enterprises have been privatised.
However, the PPP ended when the management contracts for four cities expired in 2008 and when the foreign partner of the company that serves the capital under a lease contract withdrew in 2010, claiming heavy losses. While urban water supply has received considerable policy attention, the government has no strategy for urban sanitation yet. External donors finance about 87.4% of all public investments in the sector.
Infant mortality was at 100 per 1,000 births in 2005. The 2010 maternal mortality rate per 100,000 births for Mozambique is 550.
A joint donor-government study in early 2007 said 'Mozambique is generally considered an aid success story.' ===Rebounding growth=== The resettlement of civil war refugees and successful economic reform have led to a high growth rate: the country enjoyed a remarkable recovery, achieving an average annual rate of economic growth of 8% between 1996 and 2006 and between 6–7% from 2006 to 2011.
In July 2011, the government proposed new anti-corruption laws to criminalise embezzlement, influence peddling and graft, following numerous instances of the theft of public money.
In Mozambique the number of midwives per 1,000 live births is 3 and the lifetime risk of death for pregnant women 1 in 37. The official HIV prevalence in Mozambique in 2011 was 11.5% of the population aged between 15 and 49 years.
In 2011 the health authorities estimated about 1.7 million Mozambicans were HIV-positive, of whom 600,000 were in need of anti-retroviral treatment.
As of December 2011, 240,000 were receiving such treatment, increasing to 416,000 in March 2014 according to the health authorities.
According to the 2011 UNAIDS Report, the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Mozambique seems to be levelling off. ===Education=== Portuguese is the primary language of instruction in all Mozambican schools.
The old currency was redeemable at the Bank of Mozambique until the end of 2012.
However, in 2012, more than 90% of Mozambique's arable land was still uncultivated. In 2013, a BBC article reported that starting in 2009, Portuguese had been returning to Mozambique because of the growing economy in Mozambique and the poor economic situation in Portugal. ===Economic reforms=== More than 1,200 mostly small state-owned enterprises have been privatised.
According to a USAID report written in 2005, "the scale and scope of corruption in Mozambique are cause for alarm." In March 2012, the government of the southern Mozambican province of Inhambane uncovered the misappropriation of public funds by the director of the Provincial Anti-Drugs Office, Calisto Alberto Tomo.
His successor, Filipe Nyusi, became the fourth President of Mozambique on 15 January 2015. From 2013 to 2019, a low-intensity insurgency by RENAMO occurred, mainly in the country's central and northern regions.
On the other hand, the observers have declared that the outcome of the parliamentary election and thus the distribution of seats in the National Assembly does not reflect the will of the Mozambican people and is clearly to the disadvantage of RENAMO. After clashes between RENAMO guards and the police in Muxungue and Gondola in April 2013, RENAMO said it would boycott and disrupt local elections in November 2013.
In 2013 about 80% of the population was employed in agriculture, the majority of whom were engaged in small-scale subsistence farming which still suffered from inadequate infrastructure, commercial networks, and investment.
However, in 2012, more than 90% of Mozambique's arable land was still uncultivated. In 2013, a BBC article reported that starting in 2009, Portuguese had been returning to Mozambique because of the growing economy in Mozambique and the poor economic situation in Portugal. ===Economic reforms=== More than 1,200 mostly small state-owned enterprises have been privatised.
On 5 September 2014, former president Guebuza and the leader of RENAMO Dhlakama signed the Accord on Cessation of Hostilities, which brought the military hostilities to a halt and allowed both parties to concentrate on the general elections to be held in October 2014.
As of December 2011, 240,000 were receiving such treatment, increasing to 416,000 in March 2014 according to the health authorities.
His successor, Filipe Nyusi, became the fourth President of Mozambique on 15 January 2015. From 2013 to 2019, a low-intensity insurgency by RENAMO occurred, mainly in the country's central and northern regions.
Frelimo secured two-thirds majority in parliament which allowed Frelimo to re-adjust the constitution without needing the agreement of the opposition. Since 2015, the country has faced an ongoing insurgency by Islamist groups.
However, it was re-established in 1986. Administrative posts are headed by a Secretários (secretaries), which before independence were called Chefes de Posto (post chiefs). Administrative posts can be further subdivided into localities, also headed by secretaries. === Human rights === Same-sex sexual activity has been legal since 2015.
A more recent government survey conducted by the Demographic and Health Surveys Program in 2015 indicated that Catholicism had increased to 30.5% of the population, Muslims constituted 19.3%, and various Protestant groups a total of 44%.
It first began sending missionaries to Mozambique in 1999, and, as of April 2015, has more than 7,943 members. The Baháʼí Faith has been present in Mozambique since the early 1950s but did not openly identify itself in those years because of the strong influence of the Catholic Church which did not recognise it officially as a world religion.
By 2015, this had increased to 58.8% (73.3% male and 45.4% female). ==Culture== ===Cultural identity=== Mozambique was ruled by Portugal, and they share a main language (Portuguese) and main religion (Roman Catholicism).
In January 2017, 3 firms were selected by the Mozambique Government for the Natural Gas Development Projects in the Rovuma gas basin.
Indians from Portuguese India speak any of the Portuguese Creoles of their origin aside from Portuguese as their second language. ===Religion=== The 2017 census found that Christians made up 59.2% of Mozambique's population and Muslims comprised 18.9% of the population.
In a 2006 survey, three-quarters of Mozambicans said that in the past five years their economic position had remained the same or become worse. Mozambique's official currency is the New Metical (as of March 2018, US$1 is roughly equivalent to 62 New Meticals), which replaced old Meticals at the rate of a thousand to one.
Production was scheduled to start in 2018. ===Tourism=== The country's natural environment, wildlife, and historic heritage provide opportunities for beach, cultural, and eco-tourism.
According to 2018 estimates from the United States Commission on International Religious Freedom, 28% of the population is Catholic, 18% are Muslim (mostly Sunni), 15% are Zionist Christians, 12% are Protestants, 7% are members of other religious groups, and 18% have no religion. The Roman Catholic Church has established twelve dioceses (Beira, Chimoio, Gurué, Inhambane, Lichinga, Maputo, Nacala, Nampula, Pemba, Quelimane, Tete, and Xai-Xai; archdioceses are Beira, Maputo and Nampula).
(eds), The War Within New Perspectives on the Civil War in Mozambique, 1976–1992 (Oxford: James Currey, 2018) Morier-Genoud, Eric, "Mozambique since 1989: Shaping democracy after Socialism" in A.R.Mustapha & L.Whitfield (eds), Turning Points in African Democracy, Oxford: James Currey, 2008, pp. 153–166. Newitt, Malyn, A History of Mozambique Indiana University Press.
His successor, Filipe Nyusi, became the fourth President of Mozambique on 15 January 2015. From 2013 to 2019, a low-intensity insurgency by RENAMO occurred, mainly in the country's central and northern regions.
The UNHCR, Doctors Without Borders, and Human Rights Watch reported that government forces had torched villages and carried out summary executions and sexual abuses. In October 2019, President Filipe Nyusi was re-elected after a landslide victory in general election.
Average temperature ranges in Maputo are from in July and from in February. In 2019 Mozambique suffered floods and destruction from the devastating cyclones Idai and Kenneth.
In September 2020, ISIL insurgents captured and briefly occupied Vamizi Island in the Indian Ocean.
In March 2021, dozens of civilians were killed and 35,000 others were displaced after Islamist rebels seized the city of Palma. ==Geography and climate== At , Mozambique is the world's 36th-largest country.
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