Médéric Louis Élie Moreau de Saint-Méry, who was a member of the French Parliament best known for his publications on Saint-Domingue (now the Republic of Haiti), referred to la Navasse as the "small French island of Saint-Domingue" in 1798. ==History== ===1504 to 1901=== In 1504, Christopher Columbus, stranded on Jamaica during his fourth voyage, sent some crew members by canoe to Hispaniola for help.
Its 1801 constitution also claimed unnamed "other adjacent islands", with Navassa not specifically named.
They called it Navaza (from "nava-" meaning plain, or field), and it was avoided by mariners for the next 350 years. From 1801 to 1867, the successive constitutions of Haiti claimed national sovereignty over adjacent islands, both named and unnamed, although Navassa was not specifically enumerated until 1874.
has claimed the island since 1857, based on the Guano Islands Act of 1856.
Navassa Island was also claimed for the United States on September 19, 1857, by Peter Duncan, an American sea captain, under the Guano Islands Act of 1856, for the rich guano deposits found on the island, and for not being within the lawful jurisdiction of any other government, nor occupied by another government's citizens. Haiti protested the annexation, but on July 7, 1858, U.S.
has claimed the island since 1857, based on the Guano Islands Act of 1856.
Since its 1874 Constitution, and after the establishment of the 1857 U.S.
Navassa Island was also claimed for the United States on September 19, 1857, by Peter Duncan, an American sea captain, under the Guano Islands Act of 1856, for the rich guano deposits found on the island, and for not being within the lawful jurisdiction of any other government, nor occupied by another government's citizens. Haiti protested the annexation, but on July 7, 1858, U.S.
Navassa Island was also claimed for the United States on September 19, 1857, by Peter Duncan, an American sea captain, under the Guano Islands Act of 1856, for the rich guano deposits found on the island, and for not being within the lawful jurisdiction of any other government, nor occupied by another government's citizens. Haiti protested the annexation, but on July 7, 1858, U.S.
After an interruption for the American Civil War, the company built larger mining facilities on Navassa with barrack housing for 140 black contract laborers from Maryland, houses for white supervisors, a blacksmith shop, warehouses, and a church. Mining began in 1865.
They called it Navaza (from "nava-" meaning plain, or field), and it was avoided by mariners for the next 350 years. From 1801 to 1867, the successive constitutions of Haiti claimed national sovereignty over adjacent islands, both named and unnamed, although Navassa was not specifically enumerated until 1874.
Since its 1874 Constitution, and after the establishment of the 1857 U.S.
They called it Navaza (from "nava-" meaning plain, or field), and it was avoided by mariners for the next 350 years. From 1801 to 1867, the successive constitutions of Haiti claimed national sovereignty over adjacent islands, both named and unnamed, although Navassa was not specifically enumerated until 1874.
As listed in its 1987 constitution, Haiti maintains its claim to the island. ==== Guano mining and the Navassa Island Rebellion of 1889 ==== Guano phosphate is a superior organic fertilizer that became a mainstay of American agriculture in the mid-19th century.
Railway tracks eventually extended inland. Hauling guano by muscle-power in the fierce tropical heat, combined with general disgruntlement with conditions on the island, eventually provoked a rebellion in 1889, in which five supervisors died.
The United States Supreme Court on November 24, 1890, in Jones v.
Supreme Court in October 1890, which ruled the Guano Act constitutional, and three of the miners were scheduled for execution in the spring of 1891.
Supreme Court in October 1890, which ruled the Guano Act constitutional, and three of the miners were scheduled for execution in the spring of 1891.
The Spanish–American War of 1898 forced the Phosphate Company to evacuate the island and file for bankruptcy, and the new owners abandoned the island after 1901. ===1901 to present=== Navassa became significant again with the opening of the Panama Canal in 1914.
Médéric Louis Élie Moreau de Saint-Méry, who was a member of the French Parliament best known for his publications on Saint-Domingue (now the Republic of Haiti), referred to la Navasse as the "small French island of Saint-Domingue" in 1798. ==History== ===1504 to 1901=== In 1504, Christopher Columbus, stranded on Jamaica during his fourth voyage, sent some crew members by canoe to Hispaniola for help.
The Spanish–American War of 1898 forced the Phosphate Company to evacuate the island and file for bankruptcy, and the new owners abandoned the island after 1901. ===1901 to present=== Navassa became significant again with the opening of the Panama Canal in 1914.
From 1903 to 1917, Navassa was a dependency of the U.S.
The Spanish–American War of 1898 forced the Phosphate Company to evacuate the island and file for bankruptcy, and the new owners abandoned the island after 1901. ===1901 to present=== Navassa became significant again with the opening of the Panama Canal in 1914.
Lighthouse Service built Navassa Island Light, a tower on the island in 1917, above sea level.
From 1903 to 1917, Navassa was a dependency of the U.S.
Guantanamo Bay Naval Base, and from 1917 to 1996, it was under United States Coast Guard administration. In 1996, the Coast Guard dismantled the light on Navassa, which ended its interest in the island.
A keeper and two assistants were assigned to live there until the Lighthouse Service installed an automatic beacon in 1929. After absorbing the Lighthouse Service in 1939, the U.S.
Fishermen, mainly from Haiti, fish the waters around Navassa. A scientific expedition from Harvard University studied the land and marine life of the island in 1930.
A keeper and two assistants were assigned to live there until the Lighthouse Service installed an automatic beacon in 1929. After absorbing the Lighthouse Service in 1939, the U.S.
As listed in its 1987 constitution, Haiti maintains its claim to the island. ==== Guano mining and the Navassa Island Rebellion of 1889 ==== Guano phosphate is a superior organic fertilizer that became a mainstay of American agriculture in the mid-19th century.
Guantanamo Bay Naval Base, and from 1917 to 1996, it was under United States Coast Guard administration. In 1996, the Coast Guard dismantled the light on Navassa, which ended its interest in the island.
under the Guano Islands Act as the United States Minor Outlying Islands. In 1997, an American salvager made a claim to Navassa to the Department of State based on the Guano Islands Act.
On March 27, 1997, the Department of the Interior rejected the claim on the basis that the Guano Islands Act applies only to islands which, at the time of the claim, are not "appertaining to" the United States.
Feral cats, dogs and pigs currently inhabit the island. In 2012, a rare coral species, Acropora palmata (Elkhorn coral), was found underwater near the island.
In October 2014, permission was granted for a two-week DX-pedition in February 2015.
Published by the National Grand Tabernacle, Order of Galillean Fishermen, Baltimore, Md. ==External links== State of Navaza A 2014 dissertation entitled Haiti's claim over Navassa Island: a case study Disputed islands
In October 2014, permission was granted for a two-week DX-pedition in February 2015.
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