Their entire army was captured and jailed by the Hispanic New Mexico militia. At the turn of the 19th century, the extreme northeastern part of New Mexico, north of the Canadian River and east of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains was still claimed by France, which sold it in 1803 as part of the Louisiana Purchase.
When the Louisiana Territory was admitted as a state in 1812, the U.S.
After Mexican independence in 1821, New Mexico became a Mexican territory with considerable autonomy.
These indigenous, Hispanic, Mexican, Latin, and American frontier roots are reflected in the eponymous New Mexican cuisine and the New Mexico music genre. ==Etymology== New Mexico received its name long before the present-day nation of Mexico won independence from Spain and adopted that name in 1821.
The returning settlers founded La Villa de Alburquerque in 1706 at Old Town Albuquerque as a trading center for existing surrounding communities such as Barelas, Isleta, Los Ranchos, and Sandia, naming it for the viceroy of New Spain, Francisco Fernández de la Cueva, 10th Duke of Alburquerque. As a part of New Spain, the claims for the province of New Mexico passed to independent Mexico in 1821 following the Mexican War of Independence.
This autonomy was threatened, however, by the centralizing tendencies of the Mexican government from the 1830s onward, with rising tensions eventually leading to the Revolt of 1837.
The Republic of Texas claimed the portion east of the Rio Grande when it seceded from Mexico in 1836 when it incorrectly assumed the older Hispanic settlements of the upper Rio Grande were the same as the newly established Mexican settlements of Texas.
This autonomy was threatened, however, by the centralizing tendencies of the Mexican government from the 1830s onward, with rising tensions eventually leading to the Revolt of 1837.
At the conclusion of the Mexican–American War in 1848, the United States annexed New Mexico as the New Mexico Territory.
It was forced by the US government to drop these claims, in the Compromise of 1850, Texas ceded these claims to the United States of the area in New Mexico lying east of the Rio Grande, in exchange for $10million from the federal government. Congress established the separate New Mexico Territory in September 1850.
It included most of the present-day states of Arizona and New Mexico, along with the Las Vegas Valley and what would later become Clark County in Nevada. In 1853, the United States acquired the mostly desert southwestern bootheel of the state and southern Arizona south of the Gila River in the Gadsden Purchase.
In 1861, the Confederacy claimed the southern tract as its own Arizona Territory and waged the ambitious New Mexico Campaign in an attempt to control the American Southwest and open up access to Union California.
Confederate power in the New Mexico Territory was effectively broken after the Battle of Glorieta Pass in 1862.
The town was named after James Hobbs, a homesteader there in 1907.
It was admitted to the Union as the 47th state on January 6, 1912. Its history has given New Mexico the highest percentage of Hispanic and Latino Americans, and the second-highest percentage of Native Americans as a population proportion (after Alaska).
Prominent people attempted to fight this prejudice, including Vigil, Garrett, Otero, Curry, Larrazolo, Baca, Hagerman, and major constituents from both major political parties, the Democratic Party of New Mexico and the Republican Party of New Mexico. ===Statehood=== The United States Congress admitted New Mexico as the 47th state on January 6, 1912.
Keres and Zuni are language isolates, and have no relatives outside of New Mexico. ====Official language==== The original state constitution of 1912 provided for a bilingual government with laws being published in both English and Spanish; this requirement was renewed twice, in 1931 and 1943.
Although Congress passed a law in 1924 that granted all Native Americans U.S.
The Midwest State No.1 well, begun in late 1927 with a standard cable-tool drilling rig, revealed the first signs of oil from the Hobbs field on June 13, 1928.
those who do not pay taxes cannot vote. A major oil discovery in 1928 brought wealth to the state, especially Lea County and the town of Hobbs.
The Midwest State No.1 well, begun in late 1927 with a standard cable-tool drilling rig, revealed the first signs of oil from the Hobbs field on June 13, 1928.
Keres and Zuni are language isolates, and have no relatives outside of New Mexico. ====Official language==== The original state constitution of 1912 provided for a bilingual government with laws being published in both English and Spanish; this requirement was renewed twice, in 1931 and 1943.
While Spanish was permitted in the legislature until 1935, all state officials are required to have a good knowledge of English.
national security agencies base their research and testing arms in New Mexico, such as the Sandia and Los Alamos National Laboratories; during the 1940s, Project Y of the Manhattan Project developed and built the country's first atomic bomb and nuclear test, Trinity. Inhabited by Native Americans for many thousands of years before European exploration, it was colonized by the Spanish in 1598 as part of the Imperial Spanish viceroyalty of New Spain.
The state's population grew rapidly after World War II, growing from 531,818 in 1940 to 1,819,046 in 2000.
Keres and Zuni are language isolates, and have no relatives outside of New Mexico. ====Official language==== The original state constitution of 1912 provided for a bilingual government with laws being published in both English and Spanish; this requirement was renewed twice, in 1931 and 1943.
In 1948, after veteran Miguel Trujillo, Sr.
Others, such as Juan Perea, claim that the state was officially bilingual until 1953. With regard to the judiciary, witnesses have the right to testify in either of the two languages, and monolingual speakers of Spanish have the same right to be considered for jury duty as do speakers of English.
Both residents and businesses moved to the state; some northerners came at first for the mild winters; others for retirement. On May 22, 1957, a B-36 accidentally dropped a nuclear bomb 4.5 miles from the control tower while landing at Kirtland Air Force Base (only its conventional "trigger" detonated).
This includes US 54, US 56, US 60, US 62, US 64, US 70, US 82, US 84, US 87, US 160, US 180, US 285, US 380, US 491, and US 550. US 66, The Mother Road, was replaced by I-40 in 1985.
In 1989, New Mexico became the first state to officially adopt the English Plus resolution, and in 2008, the first to officially adopt a Navajo textbook for use in public schools. ===Religion=== According to Association of Religion Data Archives (ARDA), the largest denominations in 2010 were the Catholic Church with 684,941; the Southern Baptist Convention with 113,452; The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints with 67,637, and the United Methodist Church with 36,424 adherents.
In public education, the state has the constitutional obligation to provide bilingual education and Spanish-speaking instructors in school districts where the majority of students are Hispanophone. In 1995, the state adopted an official bilingual song, "New Mexico – Mi Lindo Nuevo México".
The state's population grew rapidly after World War II, growing from 531,818 in 1940 to 1,819,046 in 2000.
The 2000 census recorded the population of New Mexico to be 1,819,046; ten years later it was 2,059,179—an 11.7% increase. Of the people residing in New Mexico 51.4% were born there; 37.9% were born in another state; 1.1% were born in Puerto Rico, U.S.
Island areas, or abroad to American parent(s); and 9.7% were foreign born. As of May 1, 2010, 7.5% of New Mexico's population was reported as under5 years of age, 25% under 18, and 13% were 65 or older. As of 2000, 8% of the residents of the state were foreign-born. Among U.S.
This classification covers people of very different cultures and histories, including descendants of Spanish colonists with deep roots in the region, and recent immigrants from a variety of nations in Latin America, each with their own cultures. According to the United States Census Bureau Model-based Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates, the number of persons in poverty has increased to 400,779 (19.8% of the population) persons in 2010 from 2000.
In 2000 the value of oil and gas produced was $8.2 billion, and in 2006, New Mexico accounted for 3.4% of the crude oil, 8.5% of the dry natural gas, and 10.2% of the natural gas liquids produced in the United States.
The Midwest Refining Company's Hobbs well-produced oil until 2002.
The New Mexico Film Office estimated at the end of 2007 that the incentive program had brought more than 85 film projects to the state since 2003 and had added $1.2 billion to the economy. ===Taxation=== Since 2008, personal income tax rates for New Mexico have ranged from 1.7% to 4.9%, within four income brackets.
US 666, The Devils Highway, was replaced by US 491 in 2003 because the number "666" is the "Number of the Beast". ===Road=== New Mexico has had a problem with drunk driving, but that has lessened.
In 2005, the percentage of persons below the poverty level was 18.4%. The New Mexico Tourism Department estimates that in Fiscal Year 2006, the travel industry in New Mexico generated expenditures of $6.5 billion.
In 2005, the federal government spent $2.03 on New Mexico for every dollar of tax revenue collected from the state.
A May 2005 estimate by New Mexico State University is that 11.65% of the state's total employment arises directly or indirectly from military spending.
In the 2005 tax year, the average millage was about 26.47 for residential property, and 29.80 for non-residential property.
In 2005, the percentage of persons below the poverty level was 18.4%. The New Mexico Tourism Department estimates that in Fiscal Year 2006, the travel industry in New Mexico generated expenditures of $6.5 billion.
In 2000 the value of oil and gas produced was $8.2 billion, and in 2006, New Mexico accounted for 3.4% of the crude oil, 8.5% of the dry natural gas, and 10.2% of the natural gas liquids produced in the United States.
In 2007, the per capita personal income was $31,474 (ranked 43rd in the nation).
The New Mexico Film Office estimated at the end of 2007 that the incentive program had brought more than 85 film projects to the state since 2003 and had added $1.2 billion to the economy. ===Taxation=== Since 2008, personal income tax rates for New Mexico have ranged from 1.7% to 4.9%, within four income brackets.
As of 2007, active-duty military salaries are exempt from state income tax.
In 1989, New Mexico became the first state to officially adopt the English Plus resolution, and in 2008, the first to officially adopt a Navajo textbook for use in public schools. ===Religion=== According to Association of Religion Data Archives (ARDA), the largest denominations in 2010 were the Catholic Church with 684,941; the Southern Baptist Convention with 113,452; The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints with 67,637, and the United Methodist Church with 36,424 adherents.
According to a 2008 survey by the Pew Research Center, the most common self-reported religious affiliation of New Mexico residents are mentioned in reference. Within the hierarchy of the Catholic Church, New Mexico belongs to the Ecclesiastical Province of Santa Fe.
The New Mexico Film Office estimated at the end of 2007 that the incentive program had brought more than 85 film projects to the state since 2003 and had added $1.2 billion to the economy. ===Taxation=== Since 2008, personal income tax rates for New Mexico have ranged from 1.7% to 4.9%, within four income brackets.
Such facilities have helped tribes close to population centers generate revenues for reinvestment in the economic development and welfare of their peoples. In the 21st century, employment growth areas in New Mexico include electronic circuitry, scientific research, call centers, and Indian casinos. ==Demographics== ===Population=== The United States Census Bureau estimates that the population of New Mexico was 2,096,829 on July 1, 2019, a 1.83% increase since the 2010 census.
Island areas, or abroad to American parent(s); and 9.7% were foreign born. As of May 1, 2010, 7.5% of New Mexico's population was reported as under5 years of age, 25% under 18, and 13% were 65 or older. As of 2000, 8% of the residents of the state were foreign-born. Among U.S.
This classification covers people of very different cultures and histories, including descendants of Spanish colonists with deep roots in the region, and recent immigrants from a variety of nations in Latin America, each with their own cultures. According to the United States Census Bureau Model-based Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates, the number of persons in poverty has increased to 400,779 (19.8% of the population) persons in 2010 from 2000.
In 1989, New Mexico became the first state to officially adopt the English Plus resolution, and in 2008, the first to officially adopt a Navajo textbook for use in public schools. ===Religion=== According to Association of Religion Data Archives (ARDA), the largest denominations in 2010 were the Catholic Church with 684,941; the Southern Baptist Convention with 113,452; The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints with 67,637, and the United Methodist Church with 36,424 adherents.
State government has an elaborate system of tax credits and technical assistance to promote job growth and business investment, especially in new technologies. ===Economic indicators=== In 2010, New Mexico's gross domestic product was $80 billion, and an estimated $85 billion for 2013.
During the late-2000s recession, New Mexico's unemployment rate peaked at 8.0% for the period June–October 2010. ===Oil and gas production=== New Mexico is the third-largest crude oil and ninth-largest natural gas producer in the United States.
states, New Mexico has the highest percentage of Hispanic ancestry, at 47% (as of July 1, 2012).
State government has an elaborate system of tax credits and technical assistance to promote job growth and business investment, especially in new technologies. ===Economic indicators=== In 2010, New Mexico's gross domestic product was $80 billion, and an estimated $85 billion for 2013.
As of July 1, 2013 the combined tax rate ranged from 5.125% to 8.6875%. Property tax is imposed on real property by the state, by counties, and by school districts.
Census Bureau estimated that 48% of the total 2015 population was Hispanic or Latino of any race, the highest of any state.
As of 2018, its total gross domestic product (GDP) was $101billion with a GDP per capita of $45,465.
The 2018 racial composition of the population was estimated to be: 82.0% White American 10.9% Native American and Alaska Native 2.6% Black or African American 1.8% Asian 0.2% Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander 2.6% Two or more races According to the United States Census Bureau, 1.5% of the population identifies as multiracial/mixed-race, a population larger than both the Asian and NHPI population groups.
sources; these developments allowed the United States to again become the world's largest producer of crude oil in 2018.
Such facilities have helped tribes close to population centers generate revenues for reinvestment in the economic development and welfare of their peoples. In the 21st century, employment growth areas in New Mexico include electronic circuitry, scientific research, call centers, and Indian casinos. ==Demographics== ===Population=== The United States Census Bureau estimates that the population of New Mexico was 2,096,829 on July 1, 2019, a 1.83% increase since the 2010 census.
With a population of 2,120,220 as of the 2020 U.S.
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