In one of his early landings in April 1770 at Botany Bay, modern day New South Wales, Cook was met with resistance from elders and warriors from the Gweagal tribe inhabitants.
The demonym for inhabitants of New South Wales is New South Welshmen. The Colony of New South Wales was founded as a British penal colony in 1788.
The first British settlement was made by what is known in Australian history as the First Fleet; this was led by Captain Arthur Phillip, who assumed the role of governor of the settlement on arrival in 1788 until 1792. After years of chaos and anarchy after the overthrow of Governor William Bligh, a new governor, Lieutenant-Colonel (later Major-General) Lachlan Macquarie, was sent from Britain to reform the settlement in 1809.
The first British settlement was made by what is known in Australian history as the First Fleet; this was led by Captain Arthur Phillip, who assumed the role of governor of the settlement on arrival in 1788 until 1792. After years of chaos and anarchy after the overthrow of Governor William Bligh, a new governor, Lieutenant-Colonel (later Major-General) Lachlan Macquarie, was sent from Britain to reform the settlement in 1809.
The first British settlement was made by what is known in Australian history as the First Fleet; this was led by Captain Arthur Phillip, who assumed the role of governor of the settlement on arrival in 1788 until 1792. After years of chaos and anarchy after the overthrow of Governor William Bligh, a new governor, Lieutenant-Colonel (later Major-General) Lachlan Macquarie, was sent from Britain to reform the settlement in 1809.
It originally comprised more than half of the Australian mainland with its western boundary set at 129th meridian east in 1825.
The land could then be used to continue the somewhat dwindling ceremonious aboriginal rituals. === Mid-19th century === During the 19th century, large areas were successively separated to form the British colonies of Tasmania (proclaimed as a separate colony named Van Diemen's Land in 1825), South Australia (1836), Victoria (1851) and Queensland (1859).
Following the Treaty of Waitangi, William Hobson declared British sovereignty over New Zealand in 1840.
Sydney is home to Australia's first university, the University of Sydney founded in 1850.
Responsible government was granted to the New South Wales colony in 1855.
The Premier is Gladys Berejiklian of the Liberal Party. === Constitution === The form of the Government of New South Wales is prescribed in its Constitution, dating from 1856 and currently the Constitution Act 1902 (NSW).
Skiing in Australia began in this region at Kiandra around 1861.
Established in 1862, the New South Wales Police Force investigates Summary and Indictable offences throughout the State of New South Wales.
These parks range from rainforests, waterfalls, rugged bush to marine wonderlands and outback deserts, including World Heritage sites. The Royal National Park on the southern outskirts of Sydney became Australia's first National Park when proclaimed on 26 April 1879.
Supporters of federation included the New South Wales premier Sir Henry Parkes whose 1889 Tenterfield Speech (given in Tenterfield) was pivotal in gathering support for New South Wales involvement.
Edmund Barton, later to become Australia's first Prime Minister, was another strong advocate for federation and a meeting held in Corowa in 1893 drafted an initial constitution. In 1898 popular referenda on the proposed federation were held in New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia and Tasmania.
Edmund Barton, later to become Australia's first Prime Minister, was another strong advocate for federation and a meeting held in Corowa in 1893 drafted an initial constitution. In 1898 popular referenda on the proposed federation were held in New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia and Tasmania.
All votes resulted in a majority in favour, but the New South Wales government under Premier George Reid (popularly known as "yes–no Reid" because of his constant changes of opinion on the issue) had set a requirement for a higher "yes" vote than just a simple majority which was not met. In 1899 further referenda were held in the same states as well as Queensland (but not Western Australia).
The Premier is Gladys Berejiklian of the Liberal Party. === Constitution === The form of the Government of New South Wales is prescribed in its Constitution, dating from 1856 and currently the Constitution Act 1902 (NSW).
In 1919 the farmers formed the Country Party, led at national level by Earle Page, a doctor from Grafton, and at state level by Michael Bruxner, a small farmer from Tenterfield. The Great Depression, which began in 1929, ushered in a period of political and class conflict in New South Wales.
In 1919 the farmers formed the Country Party, led at national level by Earle Page, a doctor from Grafton, and at state level by Michael Bruxner, a small farmer from Tenterfield. The Great Depression, which began in 1929, ushered in a period of political and class conflict in New South Wales.
Lang's second government was elected in November 1930 on a policy of repudiating New South Wales' debt to British bondholders and using the money instead to help the unemployed through public works.
In May 1932 the Governor, Sir Philip Game dismissed his government.
Sydney Sixers and Sydney Thunder both play in the Big Bash League. Other teams in major national competitions include the Sydney Kings and Hawks in the National Basketball League, Sydney Uni Flames in the Women's National Basketball League, New South Wales Waratahs in Super Rugby and New South Wales Swifts in Suncorp Super Netball. Sydney was the host of the 1938 British Empire Games and 2000 Summer Olympics.
The subsequent election was won by the conservative opposition. By the outbreak of World War II in 1939, the differences between New South Wales and the other states that had emerged in the 19th century had faded as a result of federation and economic development behind a wall of protective tariffs.
The Blue Mountains, Southern Tablelands and Central Tablelands, which are situated on the Great Dividing Range, have mild to warm summers and cold winters, although not as severe as those in the Snowy Mountains. The highest maximum temperature recorded was at Menindee in the west of the state on 10 January 1939.
Labor returned to office under the moderate leadership of William McKell in 1941 and remained in power for 24 years.
Originally named The National Park until 1955, this park was the second National Park to be established in the world after Yellowstone National Park in the U.S.
Kosciuszko National Park is the largest park in state encompassing New South Wales' alpine region. The National Parks Association was formed in 1957 to create a system of national parks all over New South Wales which led to the formation of the National Parks and Wildlife Service in 1967.
Others though, regard the Askin era as synonymous with corruption with Askin the head of a network involving NSW police and SP bookmaking (Goot). In the late 1960s a secessionist movement in the New England region of the state led to a referendum on the issue.
World War II saw another surge in industrial development to meet the needs of a war economy, and also the elimination of unemployment. === Post-war period === Labor stayed in power until 1965.
Controversy over the cost of the Sydney Opera House became a political issue and was a factor in the eventual defeat of Labor in 1965 by the conservative Liberal Party led by Robert Askin.
Kosciuszko National Park is the largest park in state encompassing New South Wales' alpine region. The National Parks Association was formed in 1957 to create a system of national parks all over New South Wales which led to the formation of the National Parks and Wildlife Service in 1967.
These institutes run courses in more than130 campuses throughout the state. == Economy == Since the 1970s, New South Wales has undergone an increasingly rapid economic and social transformation.
It hosted the final of the 2003 Rugby World Cup and the 2015 AFC Asian Cup, as well as the 2006 FIFA World Cup qualifier between Australia and Uruguay, qualifying Australia for their first World Cup since 1974. The annual Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race begins in Sydney Harbour on Boxing Day.
The referendum was narrowly defeated and, , there are no active or organised campaigns for new states in NSW. Askin's resignation in 1975 was followed by a number of short lived premierships by Liberal Party leaders.
When a general election came in 1976 the ALP under Neville Wran were returned to power.
Wran was able to transform this narrow one seat victory into landslide wins (known as Wranslide) in 1978 and 1981. After winning a comfortable though reduced majority in 1984, Wran resigned as premier and left parliament.
Wran was able to transform this narrow one seat victory into landslide wins (known as Wranslide) in 1978 and 1981. After winning a comfortable though reduced majority in 1984, Wran resigned as premier and left parliament.
However, the Sydney Swans relocated from South Melbourne in 1982 and their presence and success since the late 1990s has raised the profile of Australian rules football, especially after their AFL premiership in 2005.
Wran was able to transform this narrow one seat victory into landslide wins (known as Wranslide) in 1978 and 1981. After winning a comfortable though reduced majority in 1984, Wran resigned as premier and left parliament.
His replacement Barrie Unsworth struggled to emerge from Wran's shadow and lost a 1988 election against a resurgent Liberal Party led by Nick Greiner.
Between 1990 and 2010, schooling was only compulsory in NSW until age 15. Primary and secondary schools include government and non-government schools.
However, the Sydney Swans relocated from South Melbourne in 1982 and their presence and success since the late 1990s has raised the profile of Australian rules football, especially after their AFL premiership in 2005.
Greiner called a snap election in 1991 which the Liberals were expected to win.
The lowest minimum temperature was at Charlotte Pass in the Snowy Mountains on 29 June 1994.
In the 1995 election, Fahey's government lost narrowly and the ALP under Bob Carr returned to power. Like Wran before him, Carr was able to turn a narrow majority into landslide wins at the next two elections (1999 and 2003).
His replacement as Liberal leader and Premier was John Fahey whose government secured Sydney the right to host the 2000 Summer Olympics.
During this era, NSW hosted the 2000 Sydney Olympics which were internationally regarded as very successful, and helped boost Carr's popularity.
Large areas of the state are now being replanted with eucalyptus forests. ==== Riparian water rights ==== Under the Water Management Act 2000, updated riparian water rights were given to those within NSW with livestock.
Sydney Sixers and Sydney Thunder both play in the Big Bash League. Other teams in major national competitions include the Sydney Kings and Hawks in the National Basketball League, Sydney Uni Flames in the Women's National Basketball League, New South Wales Waratahs in Super Rugby and New South Wales Swifts in Suncorp Super Netball. Sydney was the host of the 1938 British Empire Games and 2000 Summer Olympics.
In the 1995 election, Fahey's government lost narrowly and the ALP under Bob Carr returned to power. Like Wran before him, Carr was able to turn a narrow majority into landslide wins at the next two elections (1999 and 2003).
It hosted the final of the 2003 Rugby World Cup and the 2015 AFC Asian Cup, as well as the 2006 FIFA World Cup qualifier between Australia and Uruguay, qualifying Australia for their first World Cup since 1974. The annual Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race begins in Sydney Harbour on Boxing Day.
Carr surprised most people by resigning from office in 2005.
However, the Sydney Swans relocated from South Melbourne in 1982 and their presence and success since the late 1990s has raised the profile of Australian rules football, especially after their AFL premiership in 2005.
The Pledge of Loyalty Act was officially assented to by the Queen on 3 April 2006.
This service was terminated in 2006. Private boat services operated between South Australia, Victoria and New South Wales along the Murray and Darling Rivers but these only exist now as the occasional tourist paddle-wheeler service. == National parks == New South Wales has more than 780 national parks and reserves covering more than 8% of the state.
It hosted the final of the 2003 Rugby World Cup and the 2015 AFC Asian Cup, as well as the 2006 FIFA World Cup qualifier between Australia and Uruguay, qualifying Australia for their first World Cup since 1974. The annual Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race begins in Sydney Harbour on Boxing Day.
He was replaced by Morris Iemma, who remained Premier after being re-elected in the March 2007 state election, until he was replaced by Nathan Rees in September 2008.
Tourism is worth over $25.1 billion to the New South Wales economy and employs 7.1% of the workforce. In 2007, then-Premier of New South Wales Morris Iemma established Events New South Wales to "market Sydney and NSW as a leading global events destination".
In July 2011 Events NSW merged with three key state authorities including Tourism NSW to establish Destination NSW (DNSW). New South Wales had a Gross State Product in 2018–19 (equivalent to Gross Domestic Product) of $614.4 billion which equalled $76,361 per capita. On 9 October 2007 NSW announced plans to build a 1,000 MW bank of wind powered turbines.
He was replaced by Morris Iemma, who remained Premier after being re-elected in the March 2007 state election, until he was replaced by Nathan Rees in September 2008.
On 28 August 2008 the New South Wales cabinet voted to privatise electricity retail, causing 1,500 electrical workers to strike after a large anti-privatisation campaign. The NSW business community is represented by the NSW Business Chamber which has 30,000 members. === Agriculture === Agriculture is spread throughout the eastern two-thirds of New South Wales.
Rees was subsequently replaced by Kristina Keneally in December 2009.
The St George Illawarra Dragons are based in Wollongong, while the Newcastle Knights are located in Newcastle. The state is represented by four teams in soccer's A-League: Sydney FC (2005–06, 2009–10, 2016–17 champions), Western Sydney Wanderers (2014 Asian champions), Central Coast Mariners (2012–13 champions) and Newcastle United Jets (2007–08 A League Champions). Australian rules football has historically not been strong in New South Wales outside the Riverina region.
Between 1990 and 2010, schooling was only compulsory in NSW until age 15. Primary and secondary schools include government and non-government schools.
Keneally's government was defeated at the 2011 state election and Barry O'Farrell became Premier on 28 March.
In July 2011 Events NSW merged with three key state authorities including Tourism NSW to establish Destination NSW (DNSW). New South Wales had a Gross State Product in 2018–19 (equivalent to Gross Domestic Product) of $614.4 billion which equalled $76,361 per capita. On 9 October 2007 NSW announced plans to build a 1,000 MW bank of wind powered turbines.
The option to swear allegiance to the Queen was restored as an alternative option in June 2012. Under the Australian Constitution, New South Wales ceded certain legislative and judicial powers to the Commonwealth, but retained independence in all other areas.
The RoSA was introduced in 2012 to replace the former School Certificate. ==== Higher School Certificate ==== The Higher School Certificate (HSC) is the usual Year 12 leaving certificate in NSW.
A second NSW AFL club, the Greater Western Sydney Giants, entered the competition in 2012. The main summer sport is cricket and the Sydney Cricket Ground hosts the 'New Year' cricket Test match in January each year.
On 17 April 2014 O'Farrell stood down as Premier after misleading an ICAC investigation concerning a gift of a bottle of wine.
It hosted the final of the 2003 Rugby World Cup and the 2015 AFC Asian Cup, as well as the 2006 FIFA World Cup qualifier between Australia and Uruguay, qualifying Australia for their first World Cup since 1974. The annual Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race begins in Sydney Harbour on Boxing Day.
The St George Illawarra Dragons are based in Wollongong, while the Newcastle Knights are located in Newcastle. The state is represented by four teams in soccer's A-League: Sydney FC (2005–06, 2009–10, 2016–17 champions), Western Sydney Wanderers (2014 Asian champions), Central Coast Mariners (2012–13 champions) and Newcastle United Jets (2007–08 A League Champions). Australian rules football has historically not been strong in New South Wales outside the Riverina region.
Baird resigned as Premier on 23 January 2017, and was replaced by Gladys Berejiklian. == Geography and ecology == New South Wales is bordered on the north by Queensland, on the west by South Australia, on the south by Victoria and on the east by the Coral and Tasman Seas.
In July 2011 Events NSW merged with three key state authorities including Tourism NSW to establish Destination NSW (DNSW). New South Wales had a Gross State Product in 2018–19 (equivalent to Gross Domestic Product) of $614.4 billion which equalled $76,361 per capita. On 9 October 2007 NSW announced plans to build a 1,000 MW bank of wind powered turbines.
Elections are held every four years on the fourth Saturday of March, the most recent being on 23 March 2019.
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