The tribal area extended from the Bitterroots in the east (the door to the Northwestern Plains of Montana) to the Blue Mountains in the west between latitudes 45°N and 47°N. In 1800, the Nez Perce had more than 70 permanent villages, ranging from 30 to 200 individuals, depending on the season and social grouping.
The original French pronunciation is , with three syllables. The interpreter of the Lewis and Clark Expedition mistakenly identified this people as the Nez Perce when the team encountered the tribe in 1805.
In 1805, the Nez Perce were the largest tribe on the Columbia River Plateau, with a population of about 6,000.
The park includes 38 sites associated with the Nez Perce in the states of Idaho, Montana, Oregon, and Washington, many of which are managed by local and state agencies. ==History== ===European contact=== In 1805 William Clark was the first known Euro-American to meet any of the tribe, excluding the aforementioned French Canadian traders.
On September 20, 1805, near the western end of the Lolo Trail, he found a small camp at the edge of the camas-digging ground, which is now called Weippe Prairie.
1796–1876), son of a Salish-speaking Flathead woman and Twisted Hair, the Nez Perce who welcomed and befriended the exhausted Lewis and Clark Expedition in the September 1805.
His father's positive experiences with the whites greatly influenced him, leader of the treaty faction of the Nez Percé, and signed the 1855 Walla Walla Treaty and controversial 1863 treaty.
His father's positive experiences with the whites greatly influenced him, leader of the treaty faction of the Nez Percé, and signed the 1855 Walla Walla Treaty and controversial 1863 treaty.
He defended the actions of the 1863 Treaty which cost the Nez Perce nearly 90% of their lands after gold was discovered because he knew it was futile to resist the US government and its military power.
He was the father of Chief Lawyer, who by 1877 was a prominent member of the "Treaty" faction of the tribe.
Those willing to go to a reservation made a treaty in 1877.
The flight of the non-treaty Nez Perce began on June 15, 1877, with Chief Joseph, Looking Glass, White Bird, Ollokot, Lean Elk (Poker Joe) and Toohoolhoolzote leading 750 men, women and children in an attempt to reach a peaceful sanctuary.
More than 100 US soldiers and 100 Nez Perce (including women and children) were killed in these conflicts. A majority of the surviving Nez Perce were finally forced to surrender on October 5, 1877, after the Battle of the Bear Paw Mountains in Montana, from the Canada–US border.
(also known as Young Joseph) Ollokot, (’álok'at, also known as Ollikut) (1840s–1877), younger brother of Chief Joseph, war chief of the Wallowa band, was killed while fighting at the final battle on Snake Creek, near the Bear Paw Mountains on October 4, 1877. Looking Glass (younger) or ’Eelelimyeteqenin’ (also: Allalimya Takanin – "Wrapped in the wind") (c.
Nez Perce Women in Transition, 1877–1990.
in January 1879 to meet with the President and Congress, after which his account was published in the North American Review. The route of the Nez Perce flight is preserved by the Nez Perce National Historic Trail.
Writing in 1889, anthropologist Alice Fletcher, who the U.S.
The weyekin stayed with the person until death. Helen Hunt Jackson, author of "A Century of Dishonor", written in 1889 refers to the Nez Perce as "the richest, noblest, and most gentle" of Indian peoples as well as the most industrious. The museum at the Nez Perce National Historical Park, headquartered in Spalding, Idaho, and managed by the National Park Service includes a research center, archives, and library.
The Nez Perce were generally faithful to the trust; the party recovered their horses without serious difficulty when they returned. Recollecting the Nez Perce encounter with the Lewis and Clark party, in 1889 anthropologist Alice Fletcher wrote that "the Lewis and Clark explorers were the first white men that many of the people had ever seen and the women thought them beautiful." She wrote that the Nez Perce "were kind to the tired and hungry party.
government opened the Nez Percé reservation for general settlement on November 18, 1895.
Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 1955. Henry, Will.
Before 1957 construction of The Dalles Dam, which flooded this area, Celilo Falls (Silayloo) was a favored location on the Columbia River (Xuyelp) ("The Great River") for salmon (lé'wliks)-fishing. == Enemies and allies == The Nez Perce had many allies and trading partners among neighboring peoples, but also enemies and ongoing antagonist tribes.
Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1963. Bial, Raymond.
New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1965. Oral traditions from the Chinook, Nez Perce, Klickitat and other tribes of the Pacific Northwest. Lavender, David Sievert.
From Where the Sun Now Stands, New York: Bantam Books, 1976. Josephy, Alvin M.
New York: Random House, 1983.
The total land area is about , and the reservation's population at the 2000 census was 17,959. Due to tribal loss of lands, the population on the reservation is predominantly white, nearly 90% in 1988.
New York: HarperCollins, 1992.
The annual Cypress Hills ride in June commemorates the Nez Perce people's attempt to escape to Canada. ==Nez Perce horse breeding program== In 1994 the Nez Perce tribe began a breeding program, based on crossbreeding the Appaloosa and a Central Asian breed called Akhal-Teke, to produce what they called the Nez Perce Horse.
Walker in 1998, writing for the Smithsonian, this term is an adaptation of the term cú·pʼnitpeľu (the Nez Perce people).
The total land area is about , and the reservation's population at the 2000 census was 17,959. Due to tribal loss of lands, the population on the reservation is predominantly white, nearly 90% in 1988.
The Homeland has owned 320 acres and a visitor center since 2000, to "enrich relationships among the descendants of indigenous people and the contemporary inhabitants of the Wallowa Valley ...
New York: Benchmark Books, 2002.
Milwaukee, WI: Gareth Stevens Pub, 2003.
New York: HarperOne, 2005.
April 18, 2012. Hunn, Eugene and James Selam.
The tribe reports having more than 3,500 members in 2021. Like other Plateau tribes, the Nez Perce had seasonal villages and camps to take advantage of natural resources throughout the year.
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