In March 1941, the committee issued a technical standard for black-and-white television that built upon a 1936 recommendation made by the Radio Manufacturers Association (RMA).
NTSC was the first widely adopted broadcast color system and remained dominant until the 2000s, when it started to be replaced with different digital standards such as ATSC and others. The National Television System Committee was established in 1940 by the United States Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to resolve the conflicts between companies over the introduction of a nationwide analog television system in the United States.
Digital broadcasting allows higher-resolution television, but digital standard definition television continues to use the frame rate and number of lines of resolution established by the analog NTSC standard. ==History== The first NTSC standard was developed in 1941 and had no provision for color.
In March 1941, the committee issued a technical standard for black-and-white television that built upon a 1936 recommendation made by the Radio Manufacturers Association (RMA).
Other standards in the final recommendation were an aspect ratio of 4:3, and frequency modulation (FM) for the sound signal (which was quite new at the time). In January 1950, the committee was reconstituted to standardize color television.
The FCC had briefly approved a color television standard in October 1950, which was developed by CBS.
Starting in the late 1950s, picture tube phosphors would sacrifice saturation for increased brightness; this deviation from the standard at both the receiver and broadcaster was the source of considerable color variation. ====SMPTE C==== To ensure more uniform color reproduction, receivers started to incorporate color correction circuits that converted the received signal—encoded for the colorimetric values listed above—into signals encoded for the phosphors actually used within the monitor.
Legal action by rival RCA kept commercial use of the system off the air until June 1951, and regular broadcasts only lasted a few months before manufacture of all color television sets was banned by the Office of Defense Mobilization in October, ostensibly due to the Korean War.
In 1953, a second NTSC standard was adopted, which allowed for color television broadcasting which was compatible with the existing stock of black-and-white receivers.
CBS rescinded its system in March 1953, and the FCC replaced it on December 17, 1953, with the NTSC color standard, which was cooperatively developed by several companies, including RCA and Philco. In December 1953, the FCC unanimously approved what is now called the NTSC color television standard (later defined as RS-170a).
These changes amounted to 0.1 percent and were readily tolerated by then-existing television receivers. The first publicly announced network television broadcast of a program using the NTSC "compatible color" system was an episode of NBC's Kukla, Fran and Ollie on August 30, 1953, although it was viewable in color only at the network's headquarters.
The first color NTSC television camera was the RCA TK-40, used for experimental broadcasts in 1953; an improved version, the TK-40A, introduced in March 1954, was the first commercially available color television camera.
As a consequence, the ATSC digital television standard states that for 480i signals, SMPTE "C" colorimetry should be assumed unless colorimetric data is included in the transport stream. Japanese NTSC never changed primaries and whitepoint to SMPTE "C", continuing to use the 1953 NTSC primaries and whitepoint.
after the introduction of color broadcasting in 1953 were designed to filter chroma out, but the early B&W sets did not do this and chrominance could be seen as a 'dot pattern' in highly colored areas of the picture. In NTSC, chrominance is encoded using two color signals known as I (in-phase) and Q (in quadrature) in a process called QAM.
The abbreviation NTSC can refer to the National Television System Committee, which developed the analog television color system that was introduced in North America in 1954 and stayed in use until digital conversion.
The first color NTSC television camera was the RCA TK-40, used for experimental broadcasts in 1953; an improved version, the TK-40A, introduced in March 1954, was the first commercially available color television camera.
Later that year, the improved TK-41 became the standard camera used throughout much of the 1960s. The NTSC standard has been adopted by other countries, including most of the Americas and Japan. With the advent of digital television, analog broadcasts were phased out.
As the color signals are component on disc for all display formats, almost no changes would be required for PAL DVD players to play NTSC (525/29.97) discs as long as the display was frame-rate compatible. ===OSKM=== In January 1960 (7 years prior to adoption of the modified SECAM version) the experimental TV studio in Moscow started broadcasting using the OSKM system.
The vacuum-tube electronics used in televisions through the 1960s led to various technical problems.
Since such color correction can not be performed accurately on the nonlinear gamma corrected signals transmitted, the adjustment can only be approximated, introducing both hue and luminance errors for highly saturated colors. Similarly at the broadcaster stage, in 1968–69 the Conrac Corp., working with RCA, defined a set of controlled phosphors for use in broadcast color picture video monitors.
PAL and SECAM televisions had no need of one, and although it is still found on NTSC TVs, color drifting generally ceased to be a problem for more modern circuitry by the 1970s.
Japan's UHF TV channels are therefore numbered from 13 up and not 14 up, but otherwise uses the same UHF broadcasting frequencies as those in North America. ===PAL-M (Brazil)=== The Brazilian PAL-M system, introduced on February 19, 1972, uses the same lines/field as NTSC (525/60), and almost the same broadcast bandwidth and scan frequency (15.750 vs.
The remaining lines were deliberately blanked in the original NTSC specification to provide time for the electron beam in CRT-based screens to return to the top of the display. VIR (or Vertical interval reference), widely adopted in the 1980s, attempts to correct some of the color problems with NTSC video by adding studio-inserted reference data for luminance and chrominance levels on line 19.
In 1987, a standardized four-pin mini-DIN socket was introduced for S-video input with the introduction of S-VHS players, which were the first device produced to use the four-pin plugs.
It will simulcast in ISDB-T.) (used NTSC, SECAM and PAL, before switching to PAL in the early 1990s) (Full-power over-the-air NTSC broadcasting was switched off on June 12, 2009 in favor of ATSC.
NTSC was the first widely adopted broadcast color system and remained dominant until the 2000s, when it started to be replaced with different digital standards such as ATSC and others. The National Television System Committee was established in 1940 by the United States Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to resolve the conflicts between companies over the introduction of a nationwide analog television system in the United States.
Most US NTSC broadcasters were required by the FCC to shut down their analog transmitters by February 17th 2009, however this was later moved to June 12th 2009.
It will simulcast in ISDB-T.) (used NTSC, SECAM and PAL, before switching to PAL in the early 1990s) (Full-power over-the-air NTSC broadcasting was switched off on June 12, 2009 in favor of ATSC.
After nearly 70 years, the majority of over-the-air NTSC transmissions in the United States ceased on January 1, 2010, and by August 31, 2011, in Canada and most other NTSC markets.
After nearly 70 years, the majority of over-the-air NTSC transmissions in the United States ceased on January 1, 2010, and by August 31, 2011, in Canada and most other NTSC markets.
The majority of NTSC transmissions ended in Japan on July 24, 2011, with the Japanese prefectures of Iwate, Miyagi, and Fukushima ending the next year.
After a pilot program in 2013, most full-power analog stations in Mexico left the air on ten dates in 2015, with some 500 low-power and repeater stations allowed to remain in analog until the end of 2016.
NTSC broadcasts to be abandoned in areas with more than 90% of DVB-T reception.) , (NTSC broadcast to be abandoned by December 31, 2017, simulcasting ISDB-Tb.) (NTSC broadcast was intended to be abandoned at the end of 2015; however, in later 2014, it was postponed to 2019.
After a pilot program in 2013, most full-power analog stations in Mexico left the air on ten dates in 2015, with some 500 low-power and repeater stations allowed to remain in analog until the end of 2016.
Low-power stations, Class A stations and translators were required to shut down by 2015. ==Technical details== ===Lines and refresh rate=== NTSC color encoding is used with the System M television signal, which consists of (approximately 29.97) interlaced frames of video per second.
NTSC broadcasts to be abandoned in areas with more than 90% of DVB-T reception.) , (NTSC broadcast to be abandoned by December 31, 2017, simulcasting ISDB-Tb.) (NTSC broadcast was intended to be abandoned at the end of 2015; however, in later 2014, it was postponed to 2019.
Low-power stations, Class A stations were switched off on September 1, 2015.
After a pilot program in 2013, most full-power analog stations in Mexico left the air on ten dates in 2015, with some 500 low-power and repeater stations allowed to remain in analog until the end of 2016.
NTSC broadcasts to be abandoned in areas with more than 90% of DVB-T reception.) , (NTSC broadcast to be abandoned by December 31, 2017, simulcasting ISDB-Tb.) (NTSC broadcast was intended to be abandoned at the end of 2015; however, in later 2014, it was postponed to 2019.
NTSC broadcasts to be abandoned in areas with more than 90% of DVB-T reception.) , (NTSC broadcast to be abandoned by December 31, 2017, simulcasting ISDB-Tb.) (NTSC broadcast was intended to be abandoned at the end of 2015; however, in later 2014, it was postponed to 2019.
Translators and other Low-power stations were supposed to transition on the same day Class-A stations shut off analog services but it was postponed to July 13, 2021, due to a spectrum auction.
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