of Friedrich Krupp AG 1912–45.
Died 1 September 1981. |- valign="top" | |data-sort-value="Streicher, Julius"|Julius Streicher |I||—||—||G |data-sort-value=99|Death |Gauleiter of Franconia 1922–40, when he was relieved of authority but allowed by Hitler to keep his official title.
Pre-war president of the Reichsbank 1923–30 & 1933–38 and Economics Minister 1934–37.
Hanged 16 October 1946. |- valign="top" | |data-sort-value="Sauckel, Fritz"|Fritz Sauckel |I||I||G||G |data-sort-value=99|Death |Gauleiter of Thuringia 1927–45.
He was acquitted following appeal after serving two. |- valign="top" | |data-sort-value="Raeder, Erich"|Erich Raeder |G||G||G|||— |data-sort-value=98|Life imprisonment |Commander In Chief of the Kriegsmarine from 1928 until his retirement in 1943, succeeded by Dönitz.
Indicted but neither acquitted nor found guilty as trial did not proceed. |- valign="top" | |data-sort-value="Neurath, Konstantin von"|Baron Konstantin von Neurath |G||G||G||G |data-sort-value=15|15 years |Minister of Foreign Affairs 1932–38, succeeded by Ribbentrop.
Died 14 August 1956. |- valign="top" | |data-sort-value="Papen, Franz von"|Franz von Papen |I||I||—||— |data-sort-value=0|Acquitted |Chancellor of Germany in 1932 and Vice-Chancellor under Hitler in 1933–34.
Defense attorney: Otto Kranzbühler |- valign="top" | |data-sort-value="Frank, Hans"|Hans Frank |I||—||G||G |data-sort-value=99|Death |Reich Law Leader 1933–45 and Governor-General of the General Government in occupied Poland 1939–45.
Hanged 16 October 1946. |- valign="top" | |data-sort-value="Frick, Wilhelm"|Wilhelm Frick |I||G||G||G |data-sort-value=99|Death |Hitler's Minister of the Interior 1933–43 and Reich Protector of Bohemia and Moravia 1943–45.
Died 14 August 1956. |- valign="top" | |data-sort-value="Papen, Franz von"|Franz von Papen |I||I||—||— |data-sort-value=0|Acquitted |Chancellor of Germany in 1932 and Vice-Chancellor under Hitler in 1933–34.
Pre-war president of the Reichsbank 1923–30 & 1933–38 and Economics Minister 1934–37.
By 1944, he had been imprisoned in a concentration camp by the Nazis, and he was outraged to be put on trial as a major war criminal. |- valign="top" | |data-sort-value="Schirach, Baldur von"|Baldur von Schirach |I||—||—||G |data-sort-value=20|20 years |Head of the Hitlerjugend from 1933–40, Gauleiter of Vienna 1940–45.
Died 31 May 1960. |- valign="top" | |data-sort-value="Göring, Hermann" | |G||G||G||G |data-sort-value=99|Death |Reichsmarschall, Commander of the Luftwaffe 1935–45, Chief of the 4-Year Plan 1936–45, and original head of the Gestapo before turning it over to the SS in April 1934.
Ambassador to Austria 1934–38 and ambassador to Turkey 1939–44.
Pre-war president of the Reichsbank 1923–30 & 1933–38 and Economics Minister 1934–37.
Died 31 May 1960. |- valign="top" | |data-sort-value="Göring, Hermann" | |G||G||G||G |data-sort-value=99|Death |Reichsmarschall, Commander of the Luftwaffe 1935–45, Chief of the 4-Year Plan 1936–45, and original head of the Gestapo before turning it over to the SS in April 1934.
Died 6 November 1960. |- valign="top" | |data-sort-value="Ribbentrop, Joachim von"|Joachim von Ribbentrop |G||G||G||G |data-sort-value=99|Death |Ambassador-Plenipotentiary 1935–36.
Convicted of carrying out unrestricted submarine warfare in breach of the 1936 Second London Naval Treaty, but was not punished for that charge because the United States committed the same breach.
Died 31 May 1960. |- valign="top" | |data-sort-value="Göring, Hermann" | |G||G||G||G |data-sort-value=99|Death |Reichsmarschall, Commander of the Luftwaffe 1935–45, Chief of the 4-Year Plan 1936–45, and original head of the Gestapo before turning it over to the SS in April 1934.
Ambassador to the United Kingdom 1936–38.
After trial, incarcerated at Spandau Prison, where he committed suicide in 1987. |- valign="top" | |data-sort-value="Jodl, Alfred"|Alfred Jodl |G||G||G||G |data-sort-value=99|Death |Wehrmacht Generaloberst, Keitel's subordinate and Chief of the OKW's Operations Division 1938–45.
Hanged 16 October 1946. |- valign="top" | |data-sort-value="Keitel, Wilhelm"|Wilhelm Keitel |G||G||G||G |data-sort-value=99|Death |Head of Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (OKW) and de facto defence minister 1938–45.
Minister of Foreign Affairs 1938–45.
Died 8 August 1974. |- valign="top" | |data-sort-value="Seyss-Inquart, Arthur"|Arthur Seyss-Inquart |I||G||G||G |data-sort-value=99|Death |Instrumental in the Anschluss and briefly Austrian Chancellor 1938.
Because the court was limited to violations of the laws of war, it did not have jurisdiction over crimes that took place before the outbreak of war on 1 September 1939.
Defense attorney: Otto Kranzbühler |- valign="top" | |data-sort-value="Frank, Hans"|Hans Frank |I||—||G||G |data-sort-value=99|Death |Reich Law Leader 1933–45 and Governor-General of the General Government in occupied Poland 1939–45.
Later, Reich Protector of Bohemia and Moravia 1939–43.
Ambassador to Austria 1934–38 and ambassador to Turkey 1939–44.
Deputy to Frank in Poland 1939–40.
At the beginning of 1940, the Polish government-in-exile asked the British and French governments to condemn the German invasion of their country.
The British initially declined to do so; however, in April 1940, a joint declaration was issued by the British, French provisional government, and Polish.
By 1944, he had been imprisoned in a concentration camp by the Nazis, and he was outraged to be put on trial as a major war criminal. |- valign="top" | |data-sort-value="Schirach, Baldur von"|Baldur von Schirach |I||—||—||G |data-sort-value=20|20 years |Head of the Hitlerjugend from 1933–40, Gauleiter of Vienna 1940–45.
Later, Reichskommissar of the occupied Netherlands 1940–45.
Committed suicide the night before his scheduled execution. |- valign="top" | |data-sort-value="Hess, Rudolf"|Rudolf Hess |G||G||I||I |data-sort-value=98|Lifeimprisonment |Hitler's Deputy Führer until he flew to Scotland in 1941 in an attempt to broker peace with the United Kingdom.
Medically unfit for trial; he had been partially paralyzed since 1941.
On furlough since 1941, he resigned in 1943 because of a dispute with Hitler.
Later, Minister of the Eastern Occupied Territories 1941–45.
The trials were to commence on 20 November 1945, in the Bavarian city of Nuremberg. ==Creation of the courts== On 20 April 1942, representatives from the nine countries occupied by Germany met in London to draft the "Inter-Allied Resolution on German War Crimes".
Plenipotentiary of the Nazi slave labor program 1942–45.
Hanged 16 October 1946. |- valign="top" | |data-sort-value="Speer, Albert"|Albert Speer |I||I||G||G |data-sort-value=20|20 years |Hitler's friend, favorite architect, and Minister of Armaments from 1942 until the end of the war.
On 1 November 1943, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and the United States published their "Declaration on German Atrocities in Occupied Europe", which gave a "full warning" that, when the Nazis were defeated, the Allies would "pursue them to the uttermost ends of the earth ...
The British Prime Minister, Winston Churchill, had then advocated a policy of summary execution in some circumstances, with the use of an Act of Attainder to circumvent legal obstacles, being dissuaded from this only by talks with US and Soviet leaders later in the war. In late 1943, during the Tripartite Dinner Meeting at the Tehran Conference, the Soviet leader, Joseph Stalin, proposed executing 50,000–100,000 German staff officers.
Remains found in Berlin in 1972 and eventually dated to 2 May 1945 (per Artur Axmann's account); committed suicide or was killed while trying to flee Berlin in the last few days of the war. |- valign="top" | |data-sort-value="Dönitz, Karl"|Karl Dönitz |I||G||G||— |data-sort-value=10|10 years |Leader of the Kriegsmarine from 1943, succeeded Raeder.
Hanged 16 October 1946. |- valign="top" | |data-sort-value="Frick, Wilhelm"|Wilhelm Frick |I||G||G||G |data-sort-value=99|Death |Hitler's Minister of the Interior 1933–43 and Reich Protector of Bohemia and Moravia 1943–45.
Chief of RSHA 1943–45, the Nazi organ comprising the intelligence service (SD), Secret State Police (Gestapo) and Criminal Police (Kripo) and having overall command over the Einsatzgruppen.
On furlough since 1941, he resigned in 1943 because of a dispute with Hitler.
He was acquitted following appeal after serving two. |- valign="top" | |data-sort-value="Raeder, Erich"|Erich Raeder |G||G||G|||— |data-sort-value=98|Life imprisonment |Commander In Chief of the Kriegsmarine from 1928 until his retirement in 1943, succeeded by Dönitz.
By 1944, he had been imprisoned in a concentration camp by the Nazis, and he was outraged to be put on trial as a major war criminal. |- valign="top" | |data-sort-value="Schirach, Baldur von"|Baldur von Schirach |I||—||—||G |data-sort-value=20|20 years |Head of the Hitlerjugend from 1933–40, Gauleiter of Vienna 1940–45.
Held between 20 November 1945 and 1 October 1946, the Tribunal was given the task of trying 24 of the most important political and military leaders of the Third Reich.
Following Roosevelt's death in April 1945, the new president, Harry S.
The trials were to commence on 20 November 1945, in the Bavarian city of Nuremberg. ==Creation of the courts== On 20 April 1942, representatives from the nine countries occupied by Germany met in London to draft the "Inter-Allied Resolution on German War Crimes".
The legal basis for the trial was established by the London Charter, which was agreed upon by the four so-called Great Powers on 8 August 1945, and which restricted the trial to "punishment of the major war criminals of the European Axis countries". Some 200 German war crimes defendants were tried at Nuremberg, and 1,600 others were tried under the traditional channels of military justice.
All of the men testifying on behalf of the defense were found guilty on several counts. == The trial == The International Military Tribunal was opened on 19 November 1945 in the Palace of Justice in Nuremberg.
Remains found in Berlin in 1972 and eventually dated to 2 May 1945 (per Artur Axmann's account); committed suicide or was killed while trying to flee Berlin in the last few days of the war. |- valign="top" | |data-sort-value="Dönitz, Karl"|Karl Dönitz |I||G||G||— |data-sort-value=10|10 years |Leader of the Kriegsmarine from 1943, succeeded Raeder.
Originally the second-highest-ranked member of the Nazi Party and Hitler's designated successor, he fell out of favor with Hitler in April 1945.
Signed the instruments of surrender on 7 May 1945 in Reims as the representative of Karl Dönitz.
Committed suicide on 25 October 1945, before the trial began.
Hanged 16 October 1946. |} == Overview of the trial == 20 November 1945: The trials begin. 21 November 1945: Robert H.
Held between 20 November 1945 and 1 October 1946, the Tribunal was given the task of trying 24 of the most important political and military leaders of the Third Reich.
Hanged 16 October 1946. |- valign="top" | |data-sort-value="Frick, Wilhelm"|Wilhelm Frick |I||G||G||G |data-sort-value=99|Death |Hitler's Minister of the Interior 1933–43 and Reich Protector of Bohemia and Moravia 1943–45.
Hanged 16 October 1946. |- valign="top" || |data-sort-value="Fritzsche, Hans"|Hans Fritzsche |I||-||I|||I |data-sort-value=0|Acquitted |Popular radio commentator; head of the news division of the Nazi Propaganda Ministry.
Hanged 16 October 1946.
Hanged 16 October 1946. |- valign="top" | |data-sort-value="Keitel, Wilhelm"|Wilhelm Keitel |G||G||G||G |data-sort-value=99|Death |Head of Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (OKW) and de facto defence minister 1938–45.
Hanged 16 October 1946. |- valign="top" | |data-sort-value="Krupp, Gustav"|Gustav Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach | |I||-||I||I |data-sort-value=1| No decision |Major industrialist.
Hanged 16 October 1946. |- valign="top" | |data-sort-value="Rosenberg, Alfred"|Alfred Rosenberg |G||G||G||G |data-sort-value=99|Death |Racial theory ideologist.
Hanged 16 October 1946. |- valign="top" | |data-sort-value="Sauckel, Fritz"|Fritz Sauckel |I||I||G||G |data-sort-value=99|Death |Gauleiter of Thuringia 1927–45.
Hanged 16 October 1946.
Hanged 16 October 1946. |- valign="top" | |data-sort-value="Speer, Albert"|Albert Speer |I||I||G||G |data-sort-value=20|20 years |Hitler's friend, favorite architect, and Minister of Armaments from 1942 until the end of the war.
Hanged 16 October 1946. |} == Overview of the trial == 20 November 1945: The trials begin. 21 November 1945: Robert H.
He is the only defendant to take personal responsibility for his actions. 29 June 1946: The defense for Martin Bormann testifies. 1–2 July 1946: The court hears six witnesses testifying on the Katyn massacre; the Soviets fail to pin the blame for the event on Germany. 2 July 1946: Admiral Chester W.
Twelve of the accused were sentenced to death, seven received prison sentences (ranging from 10 years to life sentence), three were acquitted, and two were not charged. == Executions == The death sentences were carried out on 16 October 1946 by [using the
Not charged as a war criminal at Nuremberg, von Papen was classified as one in 1947 by a German de-Nazification court, and sentenced to eight years' hard labor.
Released early in 1950.
However, the charges against him remained on record in the event he should recover (he died in February 1950).
Died 27 September 1953. |- valign="top" | |data-sort-value="Funk, Walther"|Walther Funk |I||G||G||G |data-sort-value=98|Lifeimprisonment |Hitler's Minister of Economics; succeeded Schacht as head of the Reichsbank.
Posthumously rehabilitated in 1953, which was later reversed. |- valign="top" | |data-sort-value="Kaltenbrunner, Ernst"|Ernst Kaltenbrunner |I||—||G||G |data-sort-value=99|Death |Highest-ranking SS leader to be tried at Nuremberg.
Released (ill health) 6 November 1954 after suffering a heart attack.
Released (ill health) 26 September 1955.
Released 1 October 1956.
Died 14 August 1956. |- valign="top" | |data-sort-value="Papen, Franz von"|Franz von Papen |I||I||—||— |data-sort-value=0|Acquitted |Chancellor of Germany in 1932 and Vice-Chancellor under Hitler in 1933–34.
Released because of ill health on 16 May 1957.
Died 31 May 1960. |- valign="top" | |data-sort-value="Göring, Hermann" | |G||G||G||G |data-sort-value=99|Death |Reichsmarschall, Commander of the Luftwaffe 1935–45, Chief of the 4-Year Plan 1936–45, and original head of the Gestapo before turning it over to the SS in April 1934.
Died 6 November 1960. |- valign="top" | |data-sort-value="Ribbentrop, Joachim von"|Joachim von Ribbentrop |G||G||G||G |data-sort-value=99|Death |Ambassador-Plenipotentiary 1935–36.
Released 30 September 1966.
Released 1 October 1966.
Remains found in Berlin in 1972 and eventually dated to 2 May 1945 (per Artur Axmann's account); committed suicide or was killed while trying to flee Berlin in the last few days of the war. |- valign="top" | |data-sort-value="Dönitz, Karl"|Karl Dönitz |I||G||G||— |data-sort-value=10|10 years |Leader of the Kriegsmarine from 1943, succeeded Raeder.
Died 8 August 1974. |- valign="top" | |data-sort-value="Seyss-Inquart, Arthur"|Arthur Seyss-Inquart |I||G||G||G |data-sort-value=99|Death |Instrumental in the Anschluss and briefly Austrian Chancellor 1938.
Died 24 December 1980.
Died 1 September 1981. |- valign="top" | |data-sort-value="Streicher, Julius"|Julius Streicher |I||—||—||G |data-sort-value=99|Death |Gauleiter of Franconia 1922–40, when he was relieved of authority but allowed by Hitler to keep his official title.
After trial, incarcerated at Spandau Prison, where he committed suicide in 1987. |- valign="top" | |data-sort-value="Jodl, Alfred"|Alfred Jodl |G||G||G||G |data-sort-value=99|Death |Wehrmacht Generaloberst, Keitel's subordinate and Chief of the OKW's Operations Division 1938–45.
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