of Bell Labs in 1941.
In 1947, the operational amplifier was first formally defined and named in a paper by John R.
This op amp was based on a descendant of Loebe Julie's 1947 design and, along with its successors, would start the widespread use of op amps in industry. 1961: A discrete IC op amp.
With the birth of the transistor in 1947, and the silicon transistor in 1954, the concept of ICs became a reality.
In 1953, vacuum tube op amps became commercially available with the release of the model K2-W from George A.
With the birth of the transistor in 1947, and the silicon transistor in 1954, the concept of ICs became a reality.
The introduction of the planar process in 1959 made transistors and ICs stable enough to be commercially useful.
Techniques that used the non-inverting input regularly would not be very popular until the 1960s when op-amp ICs started to show up in the field. 1953: A commercially available op amp.
Varactor bridge op amps started to be produced in the early 1960s.
By 1961, solid-state, discrete op amps were being produced.
By 1962, several companies were producing modular potted packages that could be plugged into printed circuit boards.
In 1963, the first monolithic IC op amp, the μA702 designed by Bob Widlar at Fairchild Semiconductor, was released.
Issues such as an uneven supply voltage, low gain and a small dynamic range held off the dominance of monolithic op amps until 1965 when the μA709 (also designed by Bob Widlar) was released. 1968: Release of the μA741.
The popularity of monolithic op amps was further improved upon the release of the LM101 in 1967, which solved a variety of issues, and the subsequent release of the μA741 in 1968.
The popularity of monolithic op amps was further improved upon the release of the LM101 in 1967, which solved a variety of issues, and the subsequent release of the μA741 in 1968.
The same part is manufactured by several companies. 1970: First high-speed, low-input current FET design. In the 1970s high speed, low-input current designs started to be made by using FETs.
In addition to packaging multiple op amps in a single package, the 1970s also saw the birth of op amps in hybrid packages.
(37 MB PDF) Operational Amplifiers - Design and Applications; 1st Ed; Jerald Graeme, Gene Tobey, Lawrence Huelsman; Burr-Brown & McGraw Hill; 473 pages; 1971; . Books with opamp chapters Learning the Art of Electronics - A Hands-On Lab Course; 1st Ed; Thomas Hayes, Paul Horowitz; Cambridge; 1150 pages; 2016; .
The result is that it can operate in many applications with the negative supply pin on the op amp being connected to the signal ground, thus eliminating the need for a separate negative power supply. The LM324 (released in 1972) was one such op amp that came in a quad package (four separate op amps in one package) and became an industry standard.
(4 MB PDF) Intuitive IC Op Amps - from Basics to Useful Applications; 1st Ed; Thomas Frederiksen; National Semiconductor; 299 pages; 1984; . Designing with Operational Amplifiers - Applications Alternatives; 1st Ed; Jerald Graeme; Burr-Brown & McGraw Hill; 269 pages; 1976; . Applications of Operational Amplifiers - Third Generation Techniques; 1st Ed; Jerald Graeme; Burr-Brown & McGraw Hill; 233 pages; 1973; .
(4 MB PDF) Intuitive IC Op Amps - from Basics to Useful Applications; 1st Ed; Thomas Frederiksen; National Semiconductor; 299 pages; 1984; . Designing with Operational Amplifiers - Applications Alternatives; 1st Ed; Jerald Graeme; Burr-Brown & McGraw Hill; 269 pages; 1976; . Applications of Operational Amplifiers - Third Generation Techniques; 1st Ed; Jerald Graeme; Burr-Brown & McGraw Hill; 233 pages; 1973; .
(Chapter 8 is 19 pages) Analog Applications Manual; 1st Ed; Signetics; 418 pages; 1979.
These would be largely replaced by op amps made with MOSFETs in the 1980s. 1972: Single sided supply op amps being produced.
(4 MB PDF) Intuitive IC Op Amps - from Basics to Useful Applications; 1st Ed; Thomas Frederiksen; National Semiconductor; 299 pages; 1984; . Designing with Operational Amplifiers - Applications Alternatives; 1st Ed; Jerald Graeme; Burr-Brown & McGraw Hill; 269 pages; 1976; . Applications of Operational Amplifiers - Third Generation Techniques; 1st Ed; Jerald Graeme; Burr-Brown & McGraw Hill; 233 pages; 1973; .
(18 MB PDF - 1st edition) Engineer's Mini-Notebook – OpAmp IC Circuits; 1st Ed; Forrest Mims III; Radio Shack; 49 pages; 1985; ASIN B000DZG196.
(28 MB PDF - 1st edition) IC Op-Amp Cookbook; 3rd Ed; Walt Jung; Prentice Hall; 433 pages; 1986; .
(Chapter 8 is 59 pages) (4 MB PDF) Troubleshooting Analog Circuits; 1st Ed; Bob Pease; Newnes; 217 pages; 1991; .
(17 MB PDF) Operational Amplifiers and Linear Integrated Circuits; 6th Ed; Robert Coughlin, Frederick Driscoll; Prentice Hall; 529 pages; 2001; . Active-Filter Cookbook; 2nd Ed; Don Lancaster; Sams; 240 pages; 1996; .
(17 MB PDF) Operational Amplifiers and Linear Integrated Circuits; 6th Ed; Robert Coughlin, Frederick Driscoll; Prentice Hall; 529 pages; 2001; . Active-Filter Cookbook; 2nd Ed; Don Lancaster; Sams; 240 pages; 1996; .
(35 MB PDF) Op Amp Applications Handbook; 1st Ed; Walt Jung; Analog Devices & Newnes; 896 pages; 2005; .
(Chapter 4 is 69 pages) Lessons in Electric Circuits - Volume III - Semiconductors; 5th Ed; Tony Kuphaldt; Open Book Project; 528 page; 2009.
(Part 3 is 268 pages) The Art of Electronics; 3rd Ed; Paul Horowitz, Winfield Hill; Cambridge; 1220 pages; 2015; .
(37 MB PDF) Operational Amplifiers - Design and Applications; 1st Ed; Jerald Graeme, Gene Tobey, Lawrence Huelsman; Burr-Brown & McGraw Hill; 473 pages; 1971; . Books with opamp chapters Learning the Art of Electronics - A Hands-On Lab Course; 1st Ed; Thomas Hayes, Paul Horowitz; Cambridge; 1150 pages; 2016; .
Philbrick Instrumentation amplifier Negative feedback amplifier Op-amp swapping Operational amplifier applications Operational transconductance amplifier Sallen–Key topology ==Notes== ==References== ==Further reading== Books Op Amps For Everyone; 5th Ed; Bruce Carter, Ron Mancini; Newnes; 484 pages; 2017; .
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