Battel's "Pongo", in turn, is from the Kongo word mpongi or other cognates from the region: Lumbu pungu, Vili mpungu, or Yombi yimpungu. == Taxonomy and phylogeny == The orangutan was first described scientifically in 1758 in the Systema Naturae of Carl Linnaeus as Homo Sylvestris.
It was renamed Simia pygmaeus in 1760 by his student Christian Emmanuel Hopp and given the name Pongo by Lacépède in 1799.
French naturalist Bernard Germain de Lacépède used the term Pongo for the genus in 1799.
It was renamed Simia pygmaeus in 1760 by his student Christian Emmanuel Hopp and given the name Pongo by Lacépède in 1799.
abelii was described by French naturalist René Lesson in 1827.
In Malay, the term was first attested in 1840, not as an indigenous name but referring to how the English called the animal.
From 1996, they were divided into two species: the Bornean orangutan (P.
abelii was confirmed as a full species based on molecular evidence published in 1996, and three distinct populations on Borneo were elevated to subspecies (P.
abelii. The Sumatran orangutan genome was sequenced in January 2011.
By contrast, the 2011 genome study suggested that these two species diverged around 400,000 years ago, more recently than was previously thought.
In 2017, a third species, the Tapanuli orangutan (P.
The description in 2017 of a third species, P.
A 2017 genome study found that the Bornean and Tapanuli orangutans diverged from Sumatran orangutans about 3.4 mya, and from each other around 2.4 mya.
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