Singer is a cofounder of Animals Australia and the founder of The Life You Can Save. == Early life, education and career == Singer's parents were Austrian Jews who immigrated to Australia from Vienna after Austria's annexation by Nazi Germany in 1938.
Peter Albert David Singer (born 6 July 1946) is an Australian moral philosopher, currently the Ira W.
After leaving school, Singer studied law, history, and philosophy at the University of Melbourne, earning a bachelor's degree in 1967.
Michael Specter wrote that Singer is among the most influential of contemporary philosophers. Since 1968, he has been married to Renata Singer; they have three children: Ruth, Marion, and Esther.
He has explained that he elected to major in philosophy after his interest was piqued by discussions with his sister's then-boyfriend. He earned a master's degree for a thesis entitled "Why Should I Be Moral?" at the same university in 1969.
He was awarded a scholarship to study at the University of Oxford, and obtained from there a BPhil degree in 1971, with a thesis on civil disobedience supervised by R.
In particular, he expands upon some of the arguments made in his 1972 essay "Famine, Affluence, and Morality", in which he posits that citizens of rich nations are morally obligated to give at least some of their disposable income to charities that help the global poor.
Hare and published as a book in 1973.
He also spoke publicly for the legalisation of abortion in Australia. Singer joined the Australian Labor Party in 1974, but resigned after disillusionment with the centrist leadership of Bob Hawke.
As a result, we should take a significant portion of the money that we spend on our possessions and instead donate it to charity. Since November 2009, Singer is a member of Giving What We Can, an international organization whose members pledge to give at least 10% of their income to effective charities. === Animal liberation and speciesism === Published in 1975, Animal Liberation has been cited as a formative influence on leaders of the modern animal liberation movement.
He returned to Melbourne in 1977, where he spent most of his career, aside from appointments as visiting faculty abroad, until his move to Princeton in 1999.
Harper Perennial Modern Classics, New York, 2009. Practical Ethics, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1980; second edition, 1993; third edition, 2011.
, , Marx, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1980; Hill & Wang, New York, 1980; reissued as Marx: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford University Press, 2000; also included in full in K.
Liveright, 2020. === Coauthored books === Animal Factories (co-author with James Mason), Crown, New York, 1980 The Reproduction Revolution: New Ways of Making Babies (co-author with Deane Wells), Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1984.
Thomas (ed.), Great Political Thinkers: Machiavelli, Hobbes, Mill and Marx, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1992 The Expanding Circle: Ethics and Sociobiology, Farrar, Straus and Giroux, New York, 1981; Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1981; New American Library, New York, 1982.
Thomas (ed.), Great Political Thinkers: Machiavelli, Hobbes, Mill and Marx, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1992 The Expanding Circle: Ethics and Sociobiology, Farrar, Straus and Giroux, New York, 1981; Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1981; New American Library, New York, 1982.
Thomas Gennarelli's laboratory in May 1984 (as shown in the documentary Unnecessary Fuss), but he has condemned other actions such as the use of explosives by some animal-rights activists and sees the freeing of captive animals as largely futile when they are easily replaced. Singer features in the 2017 documentary "Empathy," directed by Ed Antoja, that aims to promote a more respectful way of life towards all animals.
Liveright, 2020. === Coauthored books === Animal Factories (co-author with James Mason), Crown, New York, 1980 The Reproduction Revolution: New Ways of Making Babies (co-author with Deane Wells), Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1984.
He did say that, if he were solely responsible, his mother might not continue to live. ==== Surrogacy ==== In 1985, Singer wrote a book with the physician Deanne Wells arguing that surrogate motherhood should be allowed and regulated by the state by establishing nonprofit 'State Surrogacy Boards', which would ensure fairness between surrogate mothers and surrogacy-seeking parents.
revised American edition, Making Babies, Scribner's New York, 1985 Animal Liberation: A Graphic Guide (co-author with Lori Gruen), Camden Press, London, 1987 Should the Baby Live? The Problem of Handicapped Infants (co-author with Helga Kuhse), Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1985; Oxford University Press, New York, 1986; Gregg Revivals, Aldershot, Hampshire, 1994.
2nd revised edition, Prentice-Hall, New Jersey, 1989 In Defence of Animals (ed.), Blackwells, Oxford, 1985; Harper & Row, New York, 1986.
revised American edition, Making Babies, Scribner's New York, 1985 Animal Liberation: A Graphic Guide (co-author with Lori Gruen), Camden Press, London, 1987 Should the Baby Live? The Problem of Handicapped Infants (co-author with Helga Kuhse), Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1985; Oxford University Press, New York, 1986; Gregg Revivals, Aldershot, Hampshire, 1994.
2, Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 1986 How Ethical is Australia? An Examination of Australia's Record as a Global Citizen (with Tom Gregg), Black Inc, Melbourne, 2004 The Ethics of What We Eat: Why Our Food Choices Matter (or The Way We Eat: Why Our Food Choices Matter), Rodale, New York, 2006 (co-author with Jim Mason); Text, Melbourne; Random House, London.
2nd revised edition, Prentice-Hall, New Jersey, 1989 In Defence of Animals (ed.), Blackwells, Oxford, 1985; Harper & Row, New York, 1986.
revised American edition, Making Babies, Scribner's New York, 1985 Animal Liberation: A Graphic Guide (co-author with Lori Gruen), Camden Press, London, 1987 Should the Baby Live? The Problem of Handicapped Infants (co-author with Helga Kuhse), Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1985; Oxford University Press, New York, 1986; Gregg Revivals, Aldershot, Hampshire, 1994.
He must be either evil or a bungler." In keeping with his considerations of non-human animals, Singer also takes issue with the original sin reply to the problem of evil, saying that, "animals also suffer from floods, fires, and droughts, and, since they are not descended from Adam and Eve, they cannot have inherited original sin." ==== Protests ==== In 1989 and 1990, Singer's work was the subject of a number of protests in Germany.
2nd revised edition, Prentice-Hall, New Jersey, 1989 In Defence of Animals (ed.), Blackwells, Oxford, 1985; Harper & Row, New York, 1986.
He must be either evil or a bungler." In keeping with his considerations of non-human animals, Singer also takes issue with the original sin reply to the problem of evil, saying that, "animals also suffer from floods, fires, and droughts, and, since they are not descended from Adam and Eve, they cannot have inherited original sin." ==== Protests ==== In 1989 and 1990, Singer's work was the subject of a number of protests in Germany.
Singer explains "my views are not threatening to anyone, even minimally" and says that some groups play on the anxieties of those who hear only keywords that are understandably worrying (given the constant fears of ever repeating the Holocaust) if taken with any less than the full context of his belief system. In 1991, Singer was due to speak along with R.
In 1992, he became a founding member of the Victorian Greens.
Thomas (ed.), Great Political Thinkers: Machiavelli, Hobbes, Mill and Marx, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1992 The Expanding Circle: Ethics and Sociobiology, Farrar, Straus and Giroux, New York, 1981; Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1981; New American Library, New York, 1982.
Harper Perennial Modern Classics, New York, 2009. Practical Ethics, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1980; second edition, 1993; third edition, 2011.
He has run for political office twice for the Greens: in 1994 he received 28% of the vote in the Kooyong by-election, and in 1996 he received 3% of the vote when running for the Senate (elected by proportional representation).
revised American edition, Making Babies, Scribner's New York, 1985 Animal Liberation: A Graphic Guide (co-author with Lori Gruen), Camden Press, London, 1987 Should the Baby Live? The Problem of Handicapped Infants (co-author with Helga Kuhse), Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1985; Oxford University Press, New York, 1986; Gregg Revivals, Aldershot, Hampshire, 1994.
Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1995 Ethics into Action: Henry Spira and the Animal Rights Movement, Rowman and Littlefield, Lanham, Maryland, 1998; Melbourne University Press, Melbourne, 1999 A Darwinian Left, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, London, 1999; Yale University Press, New Haven, 2000.
In 1996 he stood unsuccessfully as a Greens candidate for the Australian Senate.
He has run for political office twice for the Greens: in 1994 he received 28% of the vote in the Kooyong by-election, and in 1996 he received 3% of the vote when running for the Senate (elected by proportional representation).
Before the 1996 election, he co-authored a book The Greens with Bob Brown. In A Darwinian Left, Singer outlines a plan for the political left to adapt to the lessons of evolutionary biology.
Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1995 Ethics into Action: Henry Spira and the Animal Rights Movement, Rowman and Littlefield, Lanham, Maryland, 1998; Melbourne University Press, Melbourne, 1999 A Darwinian Left, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, London, 1999; Yale University Press, New Haven, 2000.
He returned to Melbourne in 1977, where he spent most of his career, aside from appointments as visiting faculty abroad, until his move to Princeton in 1999.
Singer has replied that many people judge him based on secondhand summaries and short quotations taken out of context, not his books or articles and, that his aim is to elevate the status of animals, not to lower that of humans. American publisher Steve Forbes ceased his donations to Princeton University in 1999 because of Singer's appointment to a prestigious professorship.
Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1995 Ethics into Action: Henry Spira and the Animal Rights Movement, Rowman and Littlefield, Lanham, Maryland, 1998; Melbourne University Press, Melbourne, 1999 A Darwinian Left, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, London, 1999; Yale University Press, New Haven, 2000.
An Anthology (co-editor with Helga Kuhse), Blackwell, 1999/ Oxford, 2006 The Moral of the Story: An Anthology of Ethics Through Literature (co-edited with Renata Singer), Blackwell, Oxford, 2005 In Defense of Animals.
Wiley-Blackwell, 1999 Schaler, Jeffrey A.
In an interview with Ronald Bailey, published in December 2000, he explained that his sister shares the responsibility of making decisions about his mother.
, , Marx, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1980; Hill & Wang, New York, 1980; reissued as Marx: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford University Press, 2000; also included in full in K.
Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1995 Ethics into Action: Henry Spira and the Animal Rights Movement, Rowman and Littlefield, Lanham, Maryland, 1998; Melbourne University Press, Melbourne, 1999 A Darwinian Left, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, London, 1999; Yale University Press, New Haven, 2000.
Norton and Company, Ltd., 2021 === Anthologies of Singer's work === Writings on an Ethical Life, Ecco, New York, 2000; Fourth Estate, London, 2001.
He also has been a regular contributor to Project Syndicate since 2001. According to philosopher Helga Kuhse, Singer is "almost certainly the best-known and most widely read of all contemporary philosophers".
is in my opinion unacceptable for representation at your level." Marc Maurer, president of the National Federation of the Blind, criticised Singer's appointment to the Princeton faculty in a banquet speech at the organisation's national convention in July 2001, claiming that Singer's support for euthanising disabled babies could lead to disabled older children and adults being valued less as well.
Norton and Company, Ltd., 2021 === Anthologies of Singer's work === Writings on an Ethical Life, Ecco, New York, 2000; Fourth Estate, London, 2001.
Unsanctifying Human Life: Essays on Ethics (edited by Helga Kuhse), Blackwell, Oxford, 2001 === Commentary volumes on Singer's work === Jamieson, Dale (ed.).
Conservative psychiatrist Theodore Dalrymple wrote in 2010 that Singerian moral universalism is "preposterous—psychologically, theoretically, and practically". In 2002, disability rights activist Harriet McBryde Johnson debated Singer, challenging his belief that it is morally permissible to euthanise new-born children with severe disabilities.
Harper Perennial Modern Classics, New York, 2002.
The Ethics of Globalisation, Yale University Press, New Haven, 2002; Text Publishing, Melbourne, 2002; 2nd edition, pb, Yale University Press, 2004; Oxford Longman, Hyderabad, 2004.
"Unspeakable Conversations", Johnson's account of her encounters with Singer and the pro-euthanasia movement, was published in the New York Times Magazine in 2003. Singer has experienced the complexities of some of these questions in his own life.
Pushing Time Away: My Grandfather and the Tragedy of Jewish Vienna, Ecco Press, New York, 2003; HarperCollins Australia, Melbourne, 2003; Granta, London, 2004 The President of Good and Evil: The Ethics of George W.
In 2004 Singer was recognised as the Australian Humanist of the Year by the Council of Australian Humanist Societies.
The Ethics of Globalisation, Yale University Press, New Haven, 2002; Text Publishing, Melbourne, 2002; 2nd edition, pb, Yale University Press, 2004; Oxford Longman, Hyderabad, 2004.
Pushing Time Away: My Grandfather and the Tragedy of Jewish Vienna, Ecco Press, New York, 2003; HarperCollins Australia, Melbourne, 2003; Granta, London, 2004 The President of Good and Evil: The Ethics of George W.
Bush, Dutton, New York, 2004; Granta, London, 2004; Text, Melbourne, 2004.
2, Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 1986 How Ethical is Australia? An Examination of Australia's Record as a Global Citizen (with Tom Gregg), Black Inc, Melbourne, 2004 The Ethics of What We Eat: Why Our Food Choices Matter (or The Way We Eat: Why Our Food Choices Matter), Rodale, New York, 2006 (co-author with Jim Mason); Text, Melbourne; Random House, London.
In 2005, The Sydney Morning Herald placed him among Australia's ten most influential public intellectuals.
An Anthology (co-editor with Helga Kuhse), Blackwell, 1999/ Oxford, 2006 The Moral of the Story: An Anthology of Ethics Through Literature (co-edited with Renata Singer), Blackwell, Oxford, 2005 In Defense of Animals.
The Second Wave (ed.), Blackwell, Oxford, 2005 The Bioethics Reader: Editors' Choice.
In November 2006, Singer appeared on the BBC programme Monkeys, Rats and Me: Animal Testing and said that he felt that Tipu Aziz's experiments on monkeys for research into treating Parkinson's disease could be justified.
2, Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 1986 How Ethical is Australia? An Examination of Australia's Record as a Global Citizen (with Tom Gregg), Black Inc, Melbourne, 2004 The Ethics of What We Eat: Why Our Food Choices Matter (or The Way We Eat: Why Our Food Choices Matter), Rodale, New York, 2006 (co-author with Jim Mason); Text, Melbourne; Random House, London.
Eating (co-authored with Jim Mason), Arrow, London, 2006 Stem Cell Research: the ethical issues.
An Anthology (co-editor with Helga Kuhse), Blackwell, 1999/ Oxford, 2006 The Moral of the Story: An Anthology of Ethics Through Literature (co-edited with Renata Singer), Blackwell, Oxford, 2005 In Defense of Animals.
New York: Blackwell, 2007 J.
2007. The Future of Animal Farming: Renewing the Ancient Contract (with Marian Stamp Dawkins, and Roland Bonney) 2008.
TLYCS was founded after Singer released his 2009 eponymous book, in which he argues more generally in favour of giving to charities that help to end global poverty.
As a result, we should take a significant portion of the money that we spend on our possessions and instead donate it to charity. Since November 2009, Singer is a member of Giving What We Can, an international organization whose members pledge to give at least 10% of their income to effective charities. === Animal liberation and speciesism === Published in 1975, Animal Liberation has been cited as a formative influence on leaders of the modern animal liberation movement.
Harper Perennial Modern Classics, New York, 2009. Practical Ethics, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1980; second edition, 1993; third edition, 2011.
New York: Random House 2009. The Most Good You Can Do: How Effective Altruism Is Changing Ideas About Living Ethically.
Chicago: Open Court Publishers, 2009 Davidow, Ben (ed.).
In a 2010 Guardian article he titled, "Fish: the forgotten victims on our plate," Singer drew attention to the welfare of fish.
Conservative psychiatrist Theodore Dalrymple wrote in 2010 that Singerian moral universalism is "preposterous—psychologically, theoretically, and practically". In 2002, disability rights activist Harriet McBryde Johnson debated Singer, challenging his belief that it is morally permissible to euthanise new-born children with severe disabilities.
Leist), New York: Columbia University Press, 2010 The Golden Ass, by Apuleius (edited and abridged by Peter Singer, translated by Ellen D.
In June 2011, it was announced he would join the professoriate of New College of the Humanities, a private college in London, in addition to his work at Princeton.
Harper Perennial Modern Classics, New York, 2009. Practical Ethics, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1980; second edition, 1993; third edition, 2011.
Singer and Wells endorsed both the payment of medical expenses endured by surrogate mothers and an extra "fair fee" to compensate the surrogate mother. ==== Religion ==== Singer was a speaker at the 2012 Global Atheist Convention.
While Singer has previously written at length about the moral imperative to reduce poverty and eliminate the suffering of nonhuman animals, particularly in the meat industry, he writes about how the effective altruism movement is doing these things more effectively in his 2015 book, The Most Good You Can Do.
Yale University Press, 2015. Ethics in the Real World: 82 Brief Essays on Things That Matter.
Princeton University Press, 2016. Why Vegan? Eating Ethically.
Thomas Gennarelli's laboratory in May 1984 (as shown in the documentary Unnecessary Fuss), but he has condemned other actions such as the use of explosives by some animal-rights activists and sees the freeing of captive animals as largely futile when they are easily replaced. Singer features in the 2017 documentary "Empathy," directed by Ed Antoja, that aims to promote a more respectful way of life towards all animals.
Liveright, 2020. === Coauthored books === Animal Factories (co-author with James Mason), Crown, New York, 1980 The Reproduction Revolution: New Ways of Making Babies (co-author with Deane Wells), Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1984.
Norton and Company, Ltd., 2021 === Anthologies of Singer's work === Writings on an Ethical Life, Ecco, New York, 2000; Fourth Estate, London, 2001.
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