The first program, which ran from 1958 to 1960, unsuccessfully attempted to send spacecraft to orbit the Moon, successfully sent one spacecraft to fly by the Moon, and successfully sent one spacecraft to investigate interplanetary space between the orbits of Earth and Venus.
The first program, which ran from 1958 to 1960, unsuccessfully attempted to send spacecraft to orbit the Moon, successfully sent one spacecraft to fly by the Moon, and successfully sent one spacecraft to investigate interplanetary space between the orbits of Earth and Venus.
The second program, which ran from 1965 to 1992, sent four spacecraft to measure interplanetary space weather, two to explore Jupiter and Saturn, and two to explore Venus.
The probes can sense parts of the Sun several days before the Sun's rotation reveals it to ground-based Earth orbiting observatories. === Outer Solar System missions === Pioneer 10 (Pioneer F) – Jupiter, interstellar medium, launched March 1972 Pioneer 11 (Pioneer G) – Jupiter, Saturn, interstellar medium, launched April 1973 Pioneer H – identical to Pioneers 10 and 11.
The probes can sense parts of the Sun several days before the Sun's rotation reveals it to ground-based Earth orbiting observatories. === Outer Solar System missions === Pioneer 10 (Pioneer F) – Jupiter, interstellar medium, launched March 1972 Pioneer 11 (Pioneer G) – Jupiter, Saturn, interstellar medium, launched April 1973 Pioneer H – identical to Pioneers 10 and 11.
The second program, which ran from 1965 to 1992, sent four spacecraft to measure interplanetary space weather, two to explore Jupiter and Saturn, and two to explore Venus.
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