Above the portal there is a commemorative plaque dedicated to Dr Josef Škoda (a professor at the Vienna University), who was born next door on 10 December 1805. Plzeň is also well known for the Pilsner Urquell (since 1842) and Gambrinus (since 1869) breweries, currently owned by Asahi Group Holdings.
Another storey was added in 1822 in French Imperial style.
Many breweries were located in the interconnected deep cellars of the city. The officials of Plzeň founded a city-owned brewery in 1839, Bürger Brauerei (Citizens' Brewery, now Plzeňský Prazdroj), and recruited Bavarian brewer Josef Groll (1813–1887) who produced the first batch of modern Pilsner beer on 5 October 1842.
Many breweries were located in the interconnected deep cellars of the city. The officials of Plzeň founded a city-owned brewery in 1839, Bürger Brauerei (Citizens' Brewery, now Plzeňský Prazdroj), and recruited Bavarian brewer Josef Groll (1813–1887) who produced the first batch of modern Pilsner beer on 5 October 1842.
Above the portal there is a commemorative plaque dedicated to Dr Josef Škoda (a professor at the Vienna University), who was born next door on 10 December 1805. Plzeň is also well known for the Pilsner Urquell (since 1842) and Gambrinus (since 1869) breweries, currently owned by Asahi Group Holdings.
The combination of pale colour from the new malts, Pilsen's remarkably soft water, Saaz noble hops from nearby Žatec (Saaz in German) and Bavarian-style lagering produced a clear, golden beer which was regarded as a sensation. Improving transport meant that this new beer was soon available throughout Central Europe and Pilsner Brauart-style brewing was widely imitated. In 1859, "Pilsner Bier" was registered as a brand name at the Chamber of Commerce and Trade in Plzeň.
While part of this is explained by commuters to the city, it is one of the most prosperous cities in the Czech Republic. The Škoda company, established in Plzeň in 1859, has been an important element of Austro-Hungarian, Czechoslovak and Czech engineering, and one of the biggest European arms factories.
Between 1861 and 1877, the Plzeň railway junction was completed and in 1899 the first tram line started in the city.
After 1868 first Czech mayor of the city was elected. ===World War II=== Following Czechoslovak independence from Austria-Hungary in 1918 the German-speaking minority in the countryside bordering the city of Plzeň hoped to be united with Austria and were unhappy at being included in Czechoslovakia.
In 1869 Emil Škoda started up the Škoda Works, which became the most important and influential engineering company in the country and a crucial supplier of arms to the Austro-Hungarian Army.
Above the portal there is a commemorative plaque dedicated to Dr Josef Škoda (a professor at the Vienna University), who was born next door on 10 December 1805. Plzeň is also well known for the Pilsner Urquell (since 1842) and Gambrinus (since 1869) breweries, currently owned by Asahi Group Holdings.
Between 1861 and 1877, the Plzeň railway junction was completed and in 1899 the first tram line started in the city.
By 1917 the Škoda Works employed over 30,000 workers. After 1898 the second largest employer was the National Railways train workshop, with about 2,000 employees: this was the largest rail repair shop in all Austria-Hungary.
In 1898, the Pilsner Urquell trade mark was created to put emphasis on it being the original brewery. ==Economy== Plzeň is a centre of business in the western part of the Czech Republic. Since the late 1990s the city has experienced high growth in foreign investment.
Between 1861 and 1877, the Plzeň railway junction was completed and in 1899 the first tram line started in the city.
The Gothic portal dating from the 1500s and coming from another house, which had been demolished, was added in 1912.
By 1917 the Škoda Works employed over 30,000 workers. After 1898 the second largest employer was the National Railways train workshop, with about 2,000 employees: this was the largest rail repair shop in all Austria-Hungary.
After 1868 first Czech mayor of the city was elected. ===World War II=== Following Czechoslovak independence from Austria-Hungary in 1918 the German-speaking minority in the countryside bordering the city of Plzeň hoped to be united with Austria and were unhappy at being included in Czechoslovakia.
Many allied themselves to the Nazis after 1933 in the hope that Adolf Hitler might be able to unite them with their German-speaking neighbours. Following the Munich Agreement in 1938, Plzeň became literally a frontier town, after the creation of the Sudetenland moved the Third Reich borders to the city's outer limits.
Many allied themselves to the Nazis after 1933 in the hope that Adolf Hitler might be able to unite them with their German-speaking neighbours. Following the Munich Agreement in 1938, Plzeň became literally a frontier town, after the creation of the Sudetenland moved the Third Reich borders to the city's outer limits.
All of their property was confiscated. On 6 May 1945, near the end of the Second World War, Plzeň was liberated from Nazi Germany by the 16th Armored Division of General George Patton's 3rd Army.
Elements of the 3rd Army, as well as units from the 1st Army, remained in Plzeň until late November 1945 to assist the Czechs with rebuilding. ===Communist era=== After the 1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état, the government launched a currency reform in 1953, which caused a wave of discontent, including the Plzeň uprising.
Elements of the 3rd Army, as well as units from the 1st Army, remained in Plzeň until late November 1945 to assist the Czechs with rebuilding. ===Communist era=== After the 1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état, the government launched a currency reform in 1953, which caused a wave of discontent, including the Plzeň uprising.
Elements of the 3rd Army, as well as units from the 1st Army, remained in Plzeň until late November 1945 to assist the Czechs with rebuilding. ===Communist era=== After the 1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état, the government launched a currency reform in 1953, which caused a wave of discontent, including the Plzeň uprising.
On 1 June 1953, over 20,000 people, mainly workers at the Škoda Works, began protesting against the government.
The city centre has been under cultural heritage preservation since 1989. ===19th century=== In the second half of the 19th century Plzeň, already an important trade centre for Bohemia, near the Bavarian/German border, began to industrialise rapidly.
In 1898, the Pilsner Urquell trade mark was created to put emphasis on it being the original brewery. ==Economy== Plzeň is a centre of business in the western part of the Czech Republic. Since the late 1990s the city has experienced high growth in foreign investment.
There has been much discussion of redeveloping those large areas of the Škoda plant which the company no longer uses. Stock, located in the Božkov district, is the biggest distillery in the Czech Republic. ==Religion== Since 31 May 1993 Plzeň has been the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Plzeň.
In 2007, Israeli mall developer Plaza Centers opened the Pilsen Plaza, a shopping mall and entertainment centre featuring a multiplex cinema from Cinema City Czech Republic. Plzeň produces about two-thirds of the Plzeň Region GDP, even though it contains only 29.8% of its population.
floodings. Extreme values for years 2011 and 2012: An extremely cold day of 2011 had on average (23 February), and extremely hot day on average (24 August, .
Absolute minimum and maximum for both years were (February 2012) and during August 2012. Number of rainy/snowy days for 2011: 78; number of days with frost: 76; number of days with minimal temperatures below : 12; number of days with average temperature below zero: 35; number of days with daily average temperature higher than : 188; number of days with daily average higher than : 32. Total amount of precipitation for year 2011: ; average year humidity value: 80.8%.
Maximal temperature: ; minimal temperature . Average 2011 temperature: ; average speed of wind: , mainly from SSE. Number of days with frost was 96 during year 2012; 18 days had minima below and 165 days with an average temperature on or above .
floodings. Extreme values for years 2011 and 2012: An extremely cold day of 2011 had on average (23 February), and extremely hot day on average (24 August, .
The year 2012 had the coldest day on 12 February with minimum plummeting to and maximum around with average .
The hottest day of 2012 occurred on 21 August with daily maximum temperature and minimum staying on with all day average on .
Absolute minimum and maximum for both years were (February 2012) and during August 2012. Number of rainy/snowy days for 2011: 78; number of days with frost: 76; number of days with minimal temperatures below : 12; number of days with average temperature below zero: 35; number of days with daily average temperature higher than : 188; number of days with daily average higher than : 32. Total amount of precipitation for year 2011: ; average year humidity value: 80.8%.
Maximal temperature: ; minimal temperature . Average 2011 temperature: ; average speed of wind: , mainly from SSE. Number of days with frost was 96 during year 2012; 18 days had minima below and 165 days with an average temperature on or above .
The pilsener style of beer was developed in Plzeň in the 19th century. Plzeň was a European Capital Of Culture in 2015, along with Mons in Belgium. ==Museums== Franciscan Monastery – Museum of Christian Art Západočeské muzeum v Plzni ==Transport== === Trams, trolleybuses and buses === The Plzeň metropolitan area is largely served by a network of trams, trolleybuses and buses operated by the PMDP.
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