President Rodríguez's approval would reach an all-time low, and he was indicted by the Attorney General after leaving office on corruption charges. In September 2000 the Constitutional Court rejected an argument by former president Arias that a 1969 constitutional amendment banning presidential reelection be rescinded.
A constitutional amendment approved in 1969 limits presidents and deputies to one term, although a deputy may run again for an Assembly seat after sitting out a term.
The Combo law was supported by both major parties at the time (PLN and PUSC) as well as by President Rodriguez, but the first of three required legislative votes to approve it provoked the largest protest demonstrations the country had seen since 1970.
Never controlled presidency. |- | Social Christian Unity Party | Partido Unidad Social Cristiana, (PUSC) | 8 | Conservatism | Founded 1983 by four opposition parties.
Costa Rica has no military but maintains a domestic police force and a Special Forces Unit as part of the Ministry of the President. ==Recent history== The 1986 presidential election was won by Óscar Arias of the PLN.
He received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1987 for his efforts to end civil wars then raging in several Central American countries. In the February 1998 national election, PUSC candidate Miguel Ángel Rodríguez won the presidency over PLN nominee José Miguel Corrales Bolaños.
Three presidential victories in 1990, 1998, and 2002. |- | Libertarian Movement | Partido Movimiento Libertario (PML) | 4 | Classical liberalism, conservatism | Founded 1994.
Three presidential victories in 1990, 1998, and 2002. |- | Libertarian Movement | Partido Movimiento Libertario (PML) | 4 | Classical liberalism, conservatism | Founded 1994.
Never controlled presidency. |- | Costa Rican Renewal Party | Partido Renovación Costarricense (PRC) | 2 | Christian democracy, conservatism, right-wing | Founded in 1995.
Voting is compulsory in Costa Rica but it is not enforced. The position of governor in the seven provinces was abolished in 1998.
He received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1987 for his efforts to end civil wars then raging in several Central American countries. In the February 1998 national election, PUSC candidate Miguel Ángel Rodríguez won the presidency over PLN nominee José Miguel Corrales Bolaños.
President Rodriguez assumed office May 8, 1998.
Three presidential victories in 1990, 1998, and 2002. |- | Libertarian Movement | Partido Movimiento Libertario (PML) | 4 | Classical liberalism, conservatism | Founded 1994.
President Rodríguez's approval would reach an all-time low, and he was indicted by the Attorney General after leaving office on corruption charges. In September 2000 the Constitutional Court rejected an argument by former president Arias that a 1969 constitutional amendment banning presidential reelection be rescinded.
Starting in the 2000s, disagreement about many of the neo-liberal policies promoted by the dominant PLN caused the traditional party system of alliances among a few parties to fracture.
Never controlled presidency. |- | Accessibility without Exclusion | Partido Accessibilidad sin Exclusión (PASE) | 1 | Single issue, rights for people with disabilities | Founded 2001.
Controlled the legislative assembly since inception and presidency for all but four elections. |- | Citizens' Action Party | Partido Acción Ciudadana (PAC) | 13 | Progressive, social democracy | Founded in 2002.
Three presidential victories in 1990, 1998, and 2002. |- | Libertarian Movement | Partido Movimiento Libertario (PML) | 4 | Classical liberalism, conservatism | Founded 1994.
The PUSC obtained 19 seats, PLN 17 seats, PAC 14 seats, PML 6 seats and PRC one seat. During 2004, several high-profile corruption scandals shattered the foundations of PUSC.
The prohibition was officially recognized as unconstitutional in April 2004, allowing Óscar Arias to run for president a second time in the 2006 Costa Rican presidential elections, which he won with approximately a 1% margin. The President of Costa Rica has limited powers, particularly in comparison to other Latin American Presidents.
Won presidential election of 2014. |- | Broad Front | Frente Amplio (FA) | 9 | Green, progressivism, humanism | Founded in 2004.
Never controlled presidency. |- | National Restoration Party (Costa Rica) | Partido Restauración Nacional (PRN) | 1 | Social Christianity, conservatism, right-wing | Founded in 2005.
Also involved in scandals has been José María Figueres, former president from PLN and former head of the World Economic Forum. The 2006 national election was expected to be a landslide for former President (1986–1990) and PLN's candidate Óscar Arias, but it turned out to be the closest in modern history.
The prohibition was officially recognized as unconstitutional in April 2004, allowing Óscar Arias to run for president a second time in the 2006 Costa Rican presidential elections, which he won with approximately a 1% margin. The President of Costa Rica has limited powers, particularly in comparison to other Latin American Presidents.
In April 2007, former PLN Presidential candidate and CAFTA opponent José Miguel Corrales Bolaños won a legal battle at the Supreme Electoral Tribunal, which authorized him to gather over 100,000 signatures to send CAFTA to a referendum and let the people decide the fate of the controversial agreement.
As the February 28, 2008 deadline to approve or reject CAFTA loomed, Arias decided to call for the referendum himself, and it took take place on October 7, 2007.
As the February 28, 2008 deadline to approve or reject CAFTA loomed, Arias decided to call for the referendum himself, and it took take place on October 7, 2007.
In 2009, the state monopolies on insurance and telecommunications were opened to private-sector competition.
CAFTA was approved with 51.5% of voters supporting it, although the election faced criticism due to international, including US, involvement. The Costa Rican general election, 2010 was won by Laura Chinchilla of centrist National Liberation Party, who had been vice-president in the previous Arias administration.
In May 2010, she was sworn in as the first female President of Costa Rica. In 2014, Luis Guillermo Solís, PAC's presidential candidate campaigning on a platform of economic reform and anti-corruption, surprised political observers by winning 30.95% of votes in the first round, while PLN candidate Johnny Araya gained the second most votes with 29.95%.
Never controlled presidency. |- | Christian Democratic Alliance | Alianza Demócrata Cristiana (ADC) | 1 | Conservative, provincial (Cartago) | Founded in 2012. |} == See also == Foreign relations of Costa Rica ==References== ==External links== Legislative Assembly of Costa Rica Supreme Court of Justice of Costa Rica
In May 2010, she was sworn in as the first female President of Costa Rica. In 2014, Luis Guillermo Solís, PAC's presidential candidate campaigning on a platform of economic reform and anti-corruption, surprised political observers by winning 30.95% of votes in the first round, while PLN candidate Johnny Araya gained the second most votes with 29.95%.
Elections were still be held on April 6, 2014, as required by election law, and Solís won with 77.81% of the votes.
Elections were last held in February 2014 and will be held again in February 2018.
Won presidential election of 2014. |- | Broad Front | Frente Amplio (FA) | 9 | Green, progressivism, humanism | Founded in 2004.
According to the BBC, the success of Solís and Villalta is another example of anti-neoliberal politics in Latin America. In April 2018, Carlos Alvarado won the presidential election.
This provides the single most important power versus Congress that any Costa Rican President has. |President |Carlos Alvarado Quesada |Citizens' Action Party |8 May 2018 |- | Vice President | Epsy Campbell Barr | Citizens' Action Party | 8 May 2018 |- | Vice Presidents | Marvin Rodríguez Cordero | Citizens' Action Party | 8 May 2018 |} ===Legislative branch=== Legislative powers are held by the Legislative Assembly.
Elections were last held in February 2014 and will be held again in February 2018.
Other parties hold the remaining seats. |Legislative Assembly President |Carolina Hidalgo Herrera |Citizens' Action Party |8 May 2018 |} ===Judicial branch=== The main arm of the judiciary is the Supreme Court of Justice.
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