Georgia became a democratic republic following the first multiparty, democratic parliamentary elections of October 28, 1990.
Abkhazia and South Ossetia, which had autonomy within the Georgian SSR during Soviet rule, unilaterally seceded from Georgia in the 1990s.
The UN observer force and other organizations are quietly encouraging grassroots cooperative and confidence-building measures in the region. The parliament has instituted wide-ranging political reforms supportive of higher [rights] standards, because between 1992 and 2003 (before the Rose Revolution of November 23, 2003) the Georgian human rights situation had been complicated.
Legislative power is vested in both the Government and the unicameral Parliament of Georgia. After the Rose Revolution of 2003, the National Movement – Democrats dominated the party system.
The UN observer force and other organizations are quietly encouraging grassroots cooperative and confidence-building measures in the region. The parliament has instituted wide-ranging political reforms supportive of higher [rights] standards, because between 1992 and 2003 (before the Rose Revolution of November 23, 2003) the Georgian human rights situation had been complicated.
On January 4, 2004 Mikheil Saakashvili, leader of the United National Movement won the country's presidential election and was inaugurated on January 25. Fresh parliamentary elections were held on March 28, 2004, where the United National Movement's parliamentary faction, the National Movement - Democrats (NMD), secured the vast majority of the seats (with ca.
Despite recognizing progress the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe noted the tendency to misuse state administration resources in favor of the ruling party. Tensions between Georgia and separatist authorities in Ajaria increased after the elections, climaxing on May 1, 2004 when Abashidze responded to military maneuvers held by Georgia near the region by having the three bridges connecting Ajaria and the rest of Georgia over the Choloki River blown up.
This represents the best result among the CIS countries and a dramatic improvement on Georgia's score in 2004, when the country was ranked 133rd with 2.0 points. Georgia also strengthened fight against the thieves-in-law.
The further investigation revealed the head of Penitentiary Department of Ministry of Justice of Georgia Bachana Akhalaia was the one who had been managing the process of torturing the prisoners. In June 2004 the prominent Georgian tycoon Kakha Bendukidze was called by the president Mikheil Saakashvili to hold position of Minister of Economy.
On May 5, Abashidze was forced to flee Georgia as mass demonstrations in Batumi called for his resignation and Russia increased their pressure by deploying Security Council secretary Igor Ivanov. On February 3, 2005, Prime Minister Zurab Zhvania died of carbon monoxide poisoning in an apparent gas leak at the home of Raul Usupov, deputy governor of Kvemo Kartli region.
In December 2005 Georgian criminal code was reorganized to charge the criminal authorities with aggravating circumstances.
Nevertheless, economic growth was not able to fully settle the problems of unemployment and one-fourth of the nation living under the poverty rate. In January 2006 a new party, Georgia's Way, was created.
An opinion poll conducted by the Georgian weekly Kviris Palitra and published on April 10, 2006 suggested that Salome Zourabichvili would garner 23.1% of votes if a presidential election were held today.
Georgia's Way has said it intends to have candidates for all the seats in Georgia's upcoming local elections, with Zourabichvili hoping to become Tbilisi Mayor. On November 7, 2007, during a period of mass protests, President Saakashvili declared Tbilisi to be in a state of emergency.
President Saakashvili rejected all demands that he resign his position, but announced early presidential elections to be held in January 2008, effectively cutting his term in office by a year. On November 16, 2007, Prime Minister of Georgia Zurab Noghaideli announced his resignation due to poor health conditions.
Noghaideli underwent heart operation in April 2007 at St.
Gurgenidze was formally approved on the position and granted the trust of the Parliament of Georgia on November 22, 2007.
New Prime Minister and two Ministers Koba Subeliani and Maia Miminoshvili were approved on their positions on November 22, 2007 by a confidence vote of the Parliament of Georgia. Mikheil Saakashvili resigned from the position of the President on November 25, 2007 as the Constitution of Georgia requires the president stands down at least 45 days before the next election to be eligible for retaking part him/herself.
So far (by 2007) the negotiations have not resulted in any settlement.
In 2008 Transparency International ranked Georgia 67th in its Corruption Perceptions Index, with a score of 3.9 points out of 10 possible.
President Saakashvili rejected all demands that he resign his position, but announced early presidential elections to be held in January 2008, effectively cutting his term in office by a year. On November 16, 2007, Prime Minister of Georgia Zurab Noghaideli announced his resignation due to poor health conditions.
Within NATO, Georgia is currently in Intensified Dialogue; membership in the EU is a more distant project. On 5 January 2008 alongside Georgian presidential elections was held non-binding referendum on joining NATO.
Both branches descend in unbroken, legitimate male line from the medieval kings of Georgia down to Constantine II of Georgia who died in 1505. David Bagration of Mukhrani, married Ana Bagration-Gruzinsky on 8 February 2009 at the Tbilisi Sameba Cathedral.
Abuses of human rights were revealed in Georgian prisons after the 2012 Gldani prison scandal as prisoners had been permanently tortured and beaten by the penal servants.
The government aims at EU and NATO membership, and has created a Ministry for European and Euro-Atlantic Integration, which was dissolved on 22 December 2017 after passing constitutional amendments by Georgian Parliament.
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