Since the country's independence in 1974, only one president successfully completed his five-year term, José Mário Vaz. == Political developments == In 1989, the ruling African Independence Party of Guinea and Cape Verde (PAIGC), under the direction of President João Bernardo "Nino" Vieira, began to outline a political liberalization program which the People's National Assembly approved in 1991.
Since the country's independence in 1974, only one president successfully completed his five-year term, José Mário Vaz. == Political developments == In 1989, the ruling African Independence Party of Guinea and Cape Verde (PAIGC), under the direction of President João Bernardo "Nino" Vieira, began to outline a political liberalization program which the People's National Assembly approved in 1991.
Since the country's independence in 1974, only one president successfully completed his five-year term, José Mário Vaz. == Political developments == In 1989, the ruling African Independence Party of Guinea and Cape Verde (PAIGC), under the direction of President João Bernardo "Nino" Vieira, began to outline a political liberalization program which the People's National Assembly approved in 1991.
Legislative power is vested in both the government and the National People's Assembly. Since 1994, the Bissau-Guinean party system has been dominated by the socialist African Independence Party of Guinea and Cape Verde and the Party for Social Renewal.
The judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature. Despite the democratic, constitutional framework, the military has exercised substantial power, and has interfered repeatedly in civilian leadership since multi-party elections were instituted in 1994.
Laws were ratified to allow the formation of other political parties, a free press, and independent trade unions with the right to strike. Guinea-Bissau's first multi-party elections for president and parliament were held in 1994.
Following the 1998-99 civil war, presidential and legislative elections were again held, bringing opposition leader Kumba Ialá and his Party for Social Renewal to power.
Ialá was ousted in a bloodless coup in September 2003, and Henrique Rosa was sworn in as President. Former President Viera was once again elected as President in July 2005.
The government of Prime Minister Carlos Gomes Júnior was elected in March 2004 in a free and fair election, but was replaced by the government of Prime Minister Aristides Gomes, which took office in November 2005.
Ialá was ousted in a bloodless coup in September 2003, and Henrique Rosa was sworn in as President. Former President Viera was once again elected as President in July 2005.
The government of Prime Minister Carlos Gomes Júnior was elected in March 2004 in a free and fair election, but was replaced by the government of Prime Minister Aristides Gomes, which took office in November 2005.
Gomes lost a no-confidence vote and submitted his resignation in March 2007. Martinho Ndafa Kabi was then nominated as prime minister by a coalition composed of the PAIGC, the Social Renewal Party (PRS), and the United Social Democratic Party (PUSD).
On April 9, 2007, it was announced that President João Bernardo Vieira had rejected the choice of Kabi, but the coalition said that they maintained him as their choice.
After the Supreme Court annulled that law, President Vieira dissolved the Assembly, thus allowing the standing committee to continue working, and appointed a new government composed of loyalists. Rear Admiral Bubo Na Tchuto tried to organize a coup on August 7, 2008, but the attempt was put down.
As a result of his return, security in the country was tightened, contributing to uncertainty and instability. On April 1, 2010, soldiers entered UN offices and arrested Na Tchuto.
These events occurred while President Sanha had been in Paris, France for medical care. ===2012 coup=== On 12 April 2012, the military took over the central district of the capital.
Several politicians in Guinea-Bissau, including prime minister Aristides Gomes, accused Sissoco Embaló of arranging a Coup d'état, although outgoing president Mário Vaz stepped down to allow Embaló to take power. Jose Mario Vaz was the President of Guinea-Bissau from 2014 until 2019 presidential elections.
On 16 April, military leaders and a coalition of political parties announced the formation of a Transitional National Council, under international pressure. === 2019 Disputed Election === Presidential elections were held in Guinea-Bissau on 24 November 2019. In the first round of voting, Domingos Simões Pereira led the field, with 40.13% of the vote.
Several politicians in Guinea-Bissau, including prime minister Aristides Gomes, accused Sissoco Embaló of arranging a Coup d'état, although outgoing president Mário Vaz stepped down to allow Embaló to take power. Jose Mario Vaz was the President of Guinea-Bissau from 2014 until 2019 presidential elections.
Umaro Sissoco Embaló was the winner of the election and he took office in February 2020.
== Executive branch == |President |Umaro Sissoco Embaló |Madem G15 |27 February 2020 |- |Prime Minister |Nuno Gomes Nabiam |Independent (politician) |28 February 2020 |} The president is elected by popular vote for a five-year term.
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