The first fully democratic Presidential election since 1960 occurred on 11 March 2007.
Control remains tightly concentrated in the executive branch of the central government, but a series of national and municipal elections since 1992 have produced some limited decentralization. ==Political history== Mauritania achieved independence from France in 1960.
After independence, President Moktar Ould Daddah, originally installed by the French, formalized Mauritania into a one-party state in 1964 with a new constitution, which set up an authoritarian presidential regime.
Under this one-party constitution, Daddah was reelected in uncontested elections in 1966, 1971 and 1976.
Under this one-party constitution, Daddah was reelected in uncontested elections in 1966, 1971 and 1976.
Under this one-party constitution, Daddah was reelected in uncontested elections in 1966, 1971 and 1976.
Daddah was ousted in a bloodless coup on July 10, 1978. A committee of military officers governed Mauritania from July 1978 to April 1992.
President Taya, who won elections in 1992 and 1997, first became chief of state through a December 12, 1984 bloodless coup which made him chairman of the committee of military officers that governed Mauritania from July 1978 to April 1992. Political parties were legalized again in 1991.
President Taya, who won elections in 1992 and 1997, first became chief of state through a December 12, 1984 bloodless coup which made him chairman of the committee of military officers that governed Mauritania from July 1978 to April 1992. Political parties were legalized again in 1991.
A referendum approved the current constitution in July 1991. ===Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya's rule (1984-2005)=== The Parti Républicain Démocratique et Social (PRDS), led by President Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya, has dominated Mauritanian politics since the country's first multi-party elections in April 1992 following the approval by referendum of the current constitution in July 1991.
President Taya, who won elections in 1992 and 1997, first became chief of state through a December 12, 1984 bloodless coup which made him chairman of the committee of military officers that governed Mauritania from July 1978 to April 1992. Political parties were legalized again in 1991.
The opposition participated in municipal elections in January–February 1994 and subsequent Senate elections, most recently in April 2004, gaining representation at the local level as well as three seats in the Senate. In October 2001, Mauritania held its third legislative and fifth municipal elections since the establishment of multi-party politics under the 1991 constitution.
Control remains tightly concentrated in the executive branch of the central government, but a series of national and municipal elections since 1992 have produced some limited decentralization. ==Political history== Mauritania achieved independence from France in 1960.
Daddah was ousted in a bloodless coup on July 10, 1978. A committee of military officers governed Mauritania from July 1978 to April 1992.
A referendum approved the current constitution in July 1991. ===Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya's rule (1984-2005)=== The Parti Républicain Démocratique et Social (PRDS), led by President Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya, has dominated Mauritanian politics since the country's first multi-party elections in April 1992 following the approval by referendum of the current constitution in July 1991.
President Taya, who won elections in 1992 and 1997, first became chief of state through a December 12, 1984 bloodless coup which made him chairman of the committee of military officers that governed Mauritania from July 1978 to April 1992. Political parties were legalized again in 1991.
By April 1992, as civilian rule returned, 16 major political parties had been recognized; 12 major political parties were active in 2004.
By April 1992, as civilian rule returned, 15 political parties had gained recognition.
Among the mostly small groupings, two main opposition parties emerged: the Rally of Democratic Forces (RFD) the Action for Change (AC)--traditionally considered the party of the Haratines. Most opposition parties boycotted the first legislative election in 1992, and for nearly a decade the Democratic and Social Republican Party (PRDS) dominated the parliament.
The ruling Democratic and Social Republican Party (PRDS), in conjunction with two coalition parties, won the remaining contests. See 2003 Mauritania election Mauritania's presidential election, its third since adopting the democratic process in 1992, took place on November 7, 2003.
The opposition participated in municipal elections in January–February 1994 and in subsequent elections for the Senate, gaining representation at the local level as well as one seat in the Senate.
The opposition participated in municipal elections in January–February 1994 and subsequent Senate elections, most recently in April 2004, gaining representation at the local level as well as three seats in the Senate. In October 2001, Mauritania held its third legislative and fifth municipal elections since the establishment of multi-party politics under the 1991 constitution.
President Taya, who won elections in 1992 and 1997, first became chief of state through a December 12, 1984 bloodless coup which made him chairman of the committee of military officers that governed Mauritania from July 1978 to April 1992. Political parties were legalized again in 1991.
Noting procedural changes and opposition gains in municipal and legislative contests, most local observers considered the October 2001 elections open and transparent.
The opposition participated in municipal elections in January–February 1994 and subsequent Senate elections, most recently in April 2004, gaining representation at the local level as well as three seats in the Senate. In October 2001, Mauritania held its third legislative and fifth municipal elections since the establishment of multi-party politics under the 1991 constitution.
The ruling Democratic and Social Republican Party (PRDS), in conjunction with two coalition parties, won the remaining contests. See 2003 Mauritania election Mauritania's presidential election, its third since adopting the democratic process in 1992, took place on November 7, 2003.
By April 1992, as civilian rule returned, 16 major political parties had been recognized; 12 major political parties were active in 2004.
The opposition participated in municipal elections in January–February 1994 and subsequent Senate elections, most recently in April 2004, gaining representation at the local level as well as three seats in the Senate. In October 2001, Mauritania held its third legislative and fifth municipal elections since the establishment of multi-party politics under the 1991 constitution.
The election was the final transfer from military to civilian rule following the military coup in 2005.
The first fully democratic Presidential election since 1960 occurred on 11 March 2007.
The election was won by Sidi Ould Cheikh Abdallahi, who was ousted by a military coup in 2008 and replaced by general Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz. Personalities have long exercised an important influence in the politics of Mauritania - the effective exercise of political power in the country depends on control over resources; perceived ability or integrity; and tribal, ethnic, family, and personal considerations.
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