During most of the brief periods of democratic exercise in the 1950s as well as the 1990s, Nepali Congress held a majority in parliament.
BP Koirala was released from prison in 1968 and went into exile in Benaras, returning in 1976 only to immediately be put in house arrest.
Although an armed insurgency launched by the major communist faction called the Jhapa movement had failed comprehensively by 1971, it formed the foundation for the dominant communist power, CPN ML, that was officially launched in 1978.
BP Koirala was released from prison in 1968 and went into exile in Benaras, returning in 1976 only to immediately be put in house arrest.
Although an armed insurgency launched by the major communist faction called the Jhapa movement had failed comprehensively by 1971, it formed the foundation for the dominant communist power, CPN ML, that was officially launched in 1978.
A general referendum was held in 1980, which saw the CPN ML campaign for the option of multi-party democracy, along with Nepali Congress, but the Panchayat System was declared the winner to significant controversy.
During most of the brief periods of democratic exercise in the 1950s as well as the 1990s, Nepali Congress held a majority in parliament.
It introduced a number of reforms, built infrastructures and modernised the country, while significantly curtailing political freedom, imposing the Nepali language and khas culture to the oppression of all others, and spreading Indophobic propaganda the effects of which are experienced to the present day. In 1990, the joint civil resistance launched by the United left front and Nepali Congress was successful in overthrowing the Panchayat, and the country became a constitutional monarchy.
He had previously been Prime Minister since 2015 until 2016. ==Legislative branch== ===Pre-2006=== From 1991 to 2002 the Parliament (Sansad) had two chambers.
Deuba had been previously Prime Minister from 1995 to 1997, from 2001 to 2002, and from 2004 to 2005. In November 2017, Nepal had first general election since the civil war ended and the monarchy was abolished.
Deuba had been previously Prime Minister from 1995 to 1997, from 2001 to 2002, and from 2004 to 2005. In November 2017, Nepal had first general election since the civil war ended and the monarchy was abolished.
2, but boasts negligible presence in the rest of the country. ==Political conditions== ===2001: Royal massacre=== The Royal Massacre (राजदरबार हत्याकाण्ड) happened on 1 June 2001, in which members of the royal family, King Birendra, Queen Aishwarya, Crown Prince Dipendra, Prince Nirajan, as well as many others, were killed in the massacre.
Deuba had been previously Prime Minister from 1995 to 1997, from 2001 to 2002, and from 2004 to 2005. In November 2017, Nepal had first general election since the civil war ended and the monarchy was abolished.
Two days later after his death, the late King's surviving brother Gyanendra was proclaimed as a king. ===2002–2007: Suspension of parliament and Loktantra Andolan=== On 1 February 2002 King Gyanendra suspended the Parliament, appointed a government led by himself, and enforced martial law.
Deuba had been previously Prime Minister from 1995 to 1997, from 2001 to 2002, and from 2004 to 2005. In November 2017, Nepal had first general election since the civil war ended and the monarchy was abolished.
He had previously been Prime Minister since 2015 until 2016. ==Legislative branch== ===Pre-2006=== From 1991 to 2002 the Parliament (Sansad) had two chambers.
The National Council (Rashtriya Sabha) had 60 members, 35 members elected by the Pratinidhi Sabha, 15 representatives of Regional Development Areas and 10 members appointed by the king. Parliament was subsequently dissolved by the king in 2002 on the pretext that it was incapable of handling the Maoist rebels. ===From Loktantra Andolan to the Constituent Assembly=== After the victory of Loktantra Andolan in the spring of 2006, a unicameral interim legislature replaced the previous parliament.
Deuba had been previously Prime Minister from 1995 to 1997, from 2001 to 2002, and from 2004 to 2005. In November 2017, Nepal had first general election since the civil war ended and the monarchy was abolished.
Deuba had been previously Prime Minister from 1995 to 1997, from 2001 to 2002, and from 2004 to 2005. In November 2017, Nepal had first general election since the civil war ended and the monarchy was abolished.
Following a four-year autocratic rule by King Gyanendra that failed to defeat the Maoists, a mass civil protest was launched by a coalition of the maoists and the political parties in 2006, which forced the king to stepped down, brought the maoists to the peace process, and established a democratic republic by 2008. Following the political consensus to draft the new constitution of the Republic via a constituent assembly, Nepali politics saw a rise of nationalist groups and ideologies.
This led to a countrywide uprising called the Loktantra Andolan that started in April 2006.
This resulted in massive and spontaneous demonstrations and rallies held across Nepal against King Gyanendra's autocratic rule. On 21 April 2006, King Gyanendra declared that "power would be returned to the people".
Finally, King Gyanendra announced the reinstatement of the House of Representatives, thereby conceding one of the major demands of the SPA, at midnight on 24 April 2006.
The National Council (Rashtriya Sabha) had 60 members, 35 members elected by the Pratinidhi Sabha, 15 representatives of Regional Development Areas and 10 members appointed by the king. Parliament was subsequently dissolved by the king in 2002 on the pretext that it was incapable of handling the Maoist rebels. ===From Loktantra Andolan to the Constituent Assembly=== After the victory of Loktantra Andolan in the spring of 2006, a unicameral interim legislature replaced the previous parliament.
In nearly a decade, Nepal witnessed three Madhes Movements - the first Madhes Movement erupted in 2007, the second Madhes Movement in 2008 and the third Madhes Movement in 2015.
About the origin of the first Madhes Movement, Journalist Amarendra Yadav writes in The Rising Nepal"When the then seven-party alliance of the mainstream political parties and the CPN-Maoist jointly announced the Interim Constitution in 2007, it totally ignored the concept of federalism, the most desired political agenda of Madhesis and other marginalised communities.
Supreme Court of Nepal Advocate Dipendra Jha writes in The Kathmandu Post: "many other aspects of the new constitution are more regressive than the Interim Constitution of Nepal 2007.
As of December 2007, the legislature had the following composition. ===The first elections after becoming a Republic: the Constituent Assembly=== In May 2008 the elections for the Constituent Assembly saw the Communist Party of Nepal as the largest party in the Constituent Assembly, which will have a term of two years. ==Judicial branch== The judiciary is composed of the Supreme Court (सर्बोच्च अदालत), Appellate courts, and various District courts.
Following a four-year autocratic rule by King Gyanendra that failed to defeat the Maoists, a mass civil protest was launched by a coalition of the maoists and the political parties in 2006, which forced the king to stepped down, brought the maoists to the peace process, and established a democratic republic by 2008. Following the political consensus to draft the new constitution of the Republic via a constituent assembly, Nepali politics saw a rise of nationalist groups and ideologies.
A federal republic was established in May 2008, with only four members of the 601-seat Constituent Assembly voting against the change, which ended 240 years of royal rule in Nepal.
In nearly a decade, Nepal witnessed three Madhes Movements - the first Madhes Movement erupted in 2007, the second Madhes Movement in 2008 and the third Madhes Movement in 2015.
As of December 2007, the legislature had the following composition. ===The first elections after becoming a Republic: the Constituent Assembly=== In May 2008 the elections for the Constituent Assembly saw the Communist Party of Nepal as the largest party in the Constituent Assembly, which will have a term of two years. ==Judicial branch== The judiciary is composed of the Supreme Court (सर्बोच्च अदालत), Appellate courts, and various District courts.
Madhav Kumar Nepal was named the Prime Minister. The Maoists demanded civilian supremacy over the army. The Maoists forced closures – commonly known as bandhs – in the country, and also declared autonomous states for almost all the ethnic groups in Nepal. On May 2012 the constitutional assembly was dissolved and another election to select the new constitutional assembly members were declared by Dr.
By 2015, the new constitution had been promulgated and Nepal became "a federal democratic republic striving towards democratic socialism".
In nearly a decade, Nepal witnessed three Madhes Movements - the first Madhes Movement erupted in 2007, the second Madhes Movement in 2008 and the third Madhes Movement in 2015.
He had previously been Prime Minister since 2015 until 2016. ==Legislative branch== ===Pre-2006=== From 1991 to 2002 the Parliament (Sansad) had two chambers.
He had previously been Prime Minister since 2015 until 2016. ==Legislative branch== ===Pre-2006=== From 1991 to 2002 the Parliament (Sansad) had two chambers.
In the aftermath of the 2017 elections, the first one according to the new constitution, NCP has become the ruling party at the federal level as well as six out of seven provinces.
In 2017, a series of elections were held according to the new constitution, which established Nepal Communist Party (NCP) (formally united after the election) as the ruling party at the federal level as well as six of the seven provinces, Nepali Congress as the only significant opposition in federal and provincial levels, while the Madhesi coalition formed the provincial government in Province No.
Although the first amendment to the constitution was done, the resistance over the document by Madhesi and Tharus in Nepal still continues. === From 2017 to present === In June 2017, Nepali Congress leader Sher Bahadur Deuba was elected the 40th Prime Minister of Nepal, succeding Prime Minister and Chairman of CPN (Maoist Centre) Pushpa Kamal Dahal.
Deuba had been previously Prime Minister from 1995 to 1997, from 2001 to 2002, and from 2004 to 2005. In November 2017, Nepal had first general election since the civil war ended and the monarchy was abolished.
The alliance of communists won the election, and UML leader Khadga Prasad Sharma Oli was sworn in February 2018 as the new Prime Minister.
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