The Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (based in the United Kingdom) serves as the highest appellate court. |Monarch |Elizabeth II | |16 September 1975 |- |Governor-General |Bob Dadae | |28 February 2017 |- |Prime Minister |James Marape |Pangu Party |30 May 2019 |} == Legislative branch == Papua New Guinea has a unicameral National Parliament, previously known as the House of Assembly.
After independence in 1975, members were elected by the first past the post system, with winners frequently gaining less than 15% of the vote.
New governments are protected by law from votes of no confidence for the first 18 months of their incumbency, and no votes of no confidence may be moved in the 12 months preceding a national election. On Bougainville Island, a rebellion occurred from early 1989 until a truce came into effect in October 1997 and a permanent cease-fire was signed in April 1998.
The first general election to use LPV was held in 2007. Parliament introduced reforms in June 1995 to change the provincial government system, with Provincial members of Parliament becoming provincial governors, while retaining their national seats in Parliament.
Other justices of the National Court, who are available to sit as members of ad hoc benches of the Supreme Court, are appointed by the Judicial and Legal Services Commission. == Provincial government == Reforms in June 1995 changed the provincial government system.
New governments are protected by law from votes of no confidence for the first 18 months of their incumbency, and no votes of no confidence may be moved in the 12 months preceding a national election. On Bougainville Island, a rebellion occurred from early 1989 until a truce came into effect in October 1997 and a permanent cease-fire was signed in April 1998.
New governments are protected by law from votes of no confidence for the first 18 months of their incumbency, and no votes of no confidence may be moved in the 12 months preceding a national election. On Bougainville Island, a rebellion occurred from early 1989 until a truce came into effect in October 1997 and a permanent cease-fire was signed in April 1998.
Electoral reforms in 2001 introduced the Limited Preferential Vote system (LPV), a modified version of alternative vote, where voters number their first three choices among the candidates.
In 2019 a non-binding referendum was held in which 98.31% of voters voted in favor of independence. The people of Bougainville are closely related to those of the nearby Solomon Islands. == Instability == The Morauta government brought in a series of electoral reforms in 2001, designed to address instability and corruption.
Somare has held power since 2002, where he won in a violence-marred polling.
Papua New Guinea in 2004: Recolonization, Somare"s Staying Power, and a Slight Economic Recovery, Asian Survey, Vol 45, No 1, 2005.
Papua New Guinea in 2004: Recolonization, Somare"s Staying Power, and a Slight Economic Recovery, Asian Survey, Vol 45, No 1, 2005.
The first general election to use LPV was held in 2007. Parliament introduced reforms in June 1995 to change the provincial government system, with Provincial members of Parliament becoming provincial governors, while retaining their national seats in Parliament.
(The introduction of LPV was partly in response to calls for changes in the voting system by Transparency International and the European Union.) The first general election to use LPV was held in 2007. There are many parties, but party allegiances are weak.
Under the eyes of a regional peace-monitoring force and a United Nations observer mission, the government and provincial leaders have established an interim government and are working toward election of a provincial government and a referendum on independence. The last national election was held in June 2007.
See main article Women in the National Parliament of Papua New Guinea == Political parties and elections == === 2012 Parliamentary Election results === == Judicial branch == Papua New Guinea's judiciary is independent of the government.
The Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (based in the United Kingdom) serves as the highest appellate court. |Monarch |Elizabeth II | |16 September 1975 |- |Governor-General |Bob Dadae | |28 February 2017 |- |Prime Minister |James Marape |Pangu Party |30 May 2019 |} == Legislative branch == Papua New Guinea has a unicameral National Parliament, previously known as the House of Assembly.
The most recent election was held in June–July 2017. Members of Parliament are elected from the nineteen provinces and the National Capital District.
The Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (based in the United Kingdom) serves as the highest appellate court. |Monarch |Elizabeth II | |16 September 1975 |- |Governor-General |Bob Dadae | |28 February 2017 |- |Prime Minister |James Marape |Pangu Party |30 May 2019 |} == Legislative branch == Papua New Guinea has a unicameral National Parliament, previously known as the House of Assembly.
However, if a provincial member accepts a position as a cabinet minister, the role of governor falls to one of the Open members of Parliament from the province. As of 1 February 2019, Papua New Guinea was one of only three countries in the world out of 235 that had no women in its legislative branch or parliament.
In 2019 a non-binding referendum was held in which 98.31% of voters voted in favor of independence. The people of Bougainville are closely related to those of the nearby Solomon Islands. == Instability == The Morauta government brought in a series of electoral reforms in 2001, designed to address instability and corruption.
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