The status of the Banaadir region around and in the city of Mogadishu remains not fully decided. ==Political history== ===Islamic Courts Union=== Following the fall of the Siad Barre regime in 1991, the Islamic Courts Union was formed to address lawlessness in Somalia . The residents of Mogadishu were reportedly happy with the authority of the Islamic Courts Union's.
There were fewer guns on the streets and people were able to move more freely around the city without fear of attack after they took control. By 2006, the Islamic Courts Union (ICU), gained control of much of the southern part of the country. ===Successive Provisional Governments=== The early 2000s saw the creation of fledgling interim federal administrations.
The Transitional National Government (TNG) was established in 2000, followed by the formation of its successor the Transitional Federal Government (TFG) in 2004.
The Transitional National Government (TNG) was established in 2000, followed by the formation of its successor the Transitional Federal Government (TFG) in 2004.
It was established as one of the Transitional Federal Institutions (TFIs) of government as defined in the Transitional Federal Charter (TFC) adopted in November 2004 by the Transitional Federal Parliament (TFP). The Transitional Federal Government officially comprised the executive branch of government, with the TFP serving as the legislative branch.
There were fewer guns on the streets and people were able to move more freely around the city without fear of attack after they took control. By 2006, the Islamic Courts Union (ICU), gained control of much of the southern part of the country. ===Successive Provisional Governments=== The early 2000s saw the creation of fledgling interim federal administrations.
Parliament was subsequently expanded to 550 seats to accommodate the ARS members. The Transitional Federal Parliament elected ARS chairman Sheikh Sharif Sheikh Ahmed, to the office of President of Somalia in January 2009.
In 2009, Transparency International ranked the nation in last place on its annual Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI), a metric that purports to show the prevalence of corruption in a country's public sector.
Somalia's government and local businessmen, as well as United Nations officials and the Eritrean government all emphatically rejected the report's claims. ===Reforms=== Somalia's coalition government enacted numerous political reforms since taking office in 2009.
In July 2009, Somalia's Transitional Federal Government hired global professional services firm Pricewaterhousecoopers to monitor development funding and serving as a trustee of an account in Mogadishu for the security, healthcare and education sectors.
The grant is aimed at providing financial and technical assistance; specifically, to develop a sound legal framework for monetary and fiscal institutions and human and institutional capacity building, as well as to establish public financial systems that are transparent. Similarly, the autonomous Puntland region's new administration, which took office in early 2009, has also implemented numerous reforms such as the expansion and improvement of its security and judicial sectors.
In addition, a new regional constitution was drafted and later passed on 15 June 2009, which is believed to represent a significant step toward the eventual introduction of a multi-party political system to the region for the first time; such a system already exists in the adjacent Somaliland region.
One of the most significant new reforms enacted by the incumbent Puntland administration is the launching in May 2009 of the Puntland Agency for Social Welfare (PASWE), the first organization of its kind in Somali history.
In July 2010, the Puntland Council of Ministers unanimously approved a new anti-terrorism law to more efficiently handle terror suspects and their accomplices; a special court is also expected to be established within the region's existing criminal courts system to facilitate the task.
PASWE is overseen by a Board of Directors, which consists of religious scholars (ulema), businesspeople, intellectuals and traditional elders. ===2010-2012 government=== On 14 October 2010, diplomat Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed (FarmajoPrime Minister of Somalia.
The former Premier Omar Abdirashid Ali Sharmarke resigned the month before following a protracted dispute with President Sharif over a proposed draft constitution. Per the Transitional Federal Charter of the Somali Republic, Prime Minister Mohamed named a new Cabinet on 12 November 2010, which was lauded by the international community.
A budget outlining 2011’s federal expenditures was also put before and approved by members of parliament, with the payment of civil service employees prioritized.
On the war front, the new government and its AMISOM allies also managed to secure control of Mogadishu by August 2011.
According to the African Union and Prime Minister Mohamed, with increasing troop strength the pace of territorial gains is expected to greatly accelerate. On 19 June 2011, Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed resigned from his position as Prime Minister of Somalia.
In 2012, the Federal Parliament of Somalia was concurrently inaugurated, ushering in the Federal Government of Somalia, the first permanent central government in the country since the start of the civil war. With a new constitution and a new parliament representing diverse parties and factions, Somalia's political structure subsequently showed signs of stabilization.
The Transitional Federal Government (TFG) was internationally recognised as Somalia's provisional government until 20 August 2012, when its tenure officially ended.
Part of the controversial Kampala Accord's conditions, the agreement saw the mandates of the President, the Parliament Speaker and Deputies extended until August 2012.
On June 23, 2012, the Somali federal and regional leaders met again and approved a draft constitution after several days of deliberation.
To come into effect, it must be ratified by the new parliament. Concurrent with the end of the TFG's interim mandate on August 20, 2012, the Federal Parliament of Somalia was inaugurated, ushering in the Federal Government of Somalia, the first permanent central government in the country since the start of the civil war.
On September 10, 2012, parliament also elected Hassan Sheikh Mohamud as the new President of Somalia.
President Mohamud later appointed Abdi Farah Shirdon as the new Prime Minister on October 6, 2012.
On November 4, 2012, Shirdon named a new Cabinet, which was later endorsed by the legislature on November 13, 2012. At the behest of Somalia's federal authorities, the 15-member UN Security Council unanimously approved Resolution 2093 on March 6, 2013 to suspend the 21-year arms embargo on Somalia, the oldest such global weapons blockade.
On 23 February 2017, President Mohamed appointed former humanitarian worker and businessman Hassan Khaire as his Prime Minister. ==Executive branch== The Transitional Federal Government (TFG) was the internationally recognised government of Somalia until 20 August 2012, when its tenure officially ended.
Formed in August 2012, it is based in the capital Mogadishu and is bicameral, consisting of an upper house which represents federal states and a lower house. The Federal Parliament of Somalia elects the President and has the authority to pass and veto laws.
On November 4, 2012, Shirdon named a new Cabinet, which was later endorsed by the legislature on November 13, 2012. At the behest of Somalia's federal authorities, the 15-member UN Security Council unanimously approved Resolution 2093 on March 6, 2013 to suspend the 21-year arms embargo on Somalia, the oldest such global weapons blockade.
The repeal is slated to be reviewed in 2014. In November 2013, President Mohamud asked Prime Minister Shirdon to resign from office on the grounds that Shirdon was allegedly ineffective in the job.
On 12 November 2013, Shirdon confirmed that there was a dispute between himself and the president, but indicated that the row was constitutional rather than political.
On 24 November 2013, 168 MPs led by former TFG Parliament Speaker Sharif Hassan Sheikh Adan endorsed a document submitted to parliament, which outlined a motion against Prime Minister Shirdon's administration.
A parliamentary vote of confidence was later held against Shirdon on 2 December 2013.
On 5 December 2013, Shirdon released a statement confirming that he and his Cabinet accepted the legislature's decision.
On 12 December 2013, President Mohamud named Abdiweli Sheikh Ahmed as the new Prime Minister.
The repeal is slated to be reviewed in 2014. In November 2013, President Mohamud asked Prime Minister Shirdon to resign from office on the grounds that Shirdon was allegedly ineffective in the job.
On 17 January 2014, Ahmed named a new, larger Cabinet consisting of 25 ministers, with only two council members retained from the previous Shirdon administration.
Parliament later approved the Cabinet on 21 January 2014. In October 2014, Prime Minister Ahmed made a minor reshuffle of the Cabinet, which President Mohamud immediately rejected.
On 17 December 2014, President Mohamud appointed former Premier Omar Abdirashid Ali Shermarke as the new Prime Minister.
On 12 January 2015, Sharmarke announced his new Cabinet, consisting of 26 ministers, 25 deputy ministers, and 8 state ministers.
On 17 January 2015, Prime Minister Sharmarke dissolved his newly nominated cabinet due to vehement opposition by legislators, who rejected the reappointment of certain former ministers.
On 27 January 2015, Sharmarke appointed a new, smaller 20 minister Cabinet.
Federal legislators later approved the new Council of Ministers on 9 February, with 191 voting in favor it, 22 against it, and none abstaining. On 11 February 2015, the Federal Parliament during its fifth session approved the Independent National Electoral Commission.
The president is now slated to sign the new law. === 2017 Presidential Election === On 8 February 2017, Somali MPs elected Ex-Prime Minister Mohamed Abdullahi "Farmaajo" Mohamed in a surprise result.
On 23 February 2017, President Mohamed appointed former humanitarian worker and businessman Hassan Khaire as his Prime Minister. ==Executive branch== The Transitional Federal Government (TFG) was the internationally recognised government of Somalia until 20 August 2012, when its tenure officially ended.
However, it was also used as a general term to refer to all three branches collectively. |President |Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed |Tayo |8 February 2017 |- |Prime Minister |Hassan Ali Khaire |Independent |1 March 2017 |} ==Legislative branch== The Federal Parliament of Somalia is the national parliament of Somalia.
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