This lasted roughly between the establishment of Zaire in 1971, and the official beginning of the transition towards democracy, on 24 April 1990.
This lasted roughly between the establishment of Zaire in 1971, and the official beginning of the transition towards democracy, on 24 April 1990.
Every aspect of life was regulated to some degree by the party, and the will of its founding-president, Mobutu Sese Seko. Most of the petty aspects of the regime disappeared after 1990 with the beginning of the democratic transition.
Democratization would prove to be fairly short-lived, as Mobutu's power plays dragged it in length until ultimately 1997, when forces led by Laurent Kabila eventually successfully toppled the regime, after a 9-month-long military campaign. ===The Kabilas' governments and war=== The government of former president Mobutu Sese Seko was toppled by a rebellion led by Laurent Kabila in May 1997, with the support of Rwanda and Uganda.
They were later to turn against Kabila and backed a rebellion against him in August 1998.
A cease-fire was signed on 10 July 1999 by the DROC, Zimbabwe, Angola, Uganda, Namibia, Rwanda, and Congolese armed rebel groups, but fighting continued. Under Laurent Kabila's regime, all executive, legislative, and military powers were first vested in the President, Laurent-Désiré Kabila.
Kabila was assassinated on 16 January 2001 and his son Joseph Kabila was named head of state ten days later. The younger Kabila continued with his father's Transitional Parliament, but overhauled his entire cabinet, replacing it with a group of technocrats, with the stated aim of putting the country back on the track of development, and coming to a decisive end of the Second Congo War.
In October 2002, the new president was successful in getting occupying Rwandan forces to withdraw from eastern Congo; two months later, an agreement was signed by all remaining warring parties to end the fighting and set up a Transition Government, the make-up of which would allow representation for all negotiating parties.
Politics of the Democratic Republic of Congo take place in a framework of a republic in transition from a civil war to a semi-presidential republic. On 18 and 19 December 2005, a successful nationwide referendum was carried out on a draft constitution, which set the stage for elections in 2006.
The constitution, adopted by referendum in 2005, and promulgated by President Joseph Kabila in February 2006, establishes a decentralized semi-presidential republic, with a separation of powers between the three branches of government - executive, legislative and judiciary, and a distribution of prerogatives between the central government and the provinces. In September 2016, violent protests were met with brutal force by the police and Republican Guard soldiers.
Politics of the Democratic Republic of Congo take place in a framework of a republic in transition from a civil war to a semi-presidential republic. On 18 and 19 December 2005, a successful nationwide referendum was carried out on a draft constitution, which set the stage for elections in 2006.
Early UN reports indicate that the voting was for the most part peaceful, but spurred violence in many parts of the war-torn east and the Kasais. In 2006, many Congolese complained that the constitution was a rather ambiguous document and were unaware of its contents.
The position of Vice-President expired after the 2006 elections. After being for three years (2003–06) in the interregnum between two constitutions, the Democratic Republic of the Congo is now under the regime of the Constitution of the Third Republic.
The constitution, adopted by referendum in 2005, and promulgated by President Joseph Kabila in February 2006, establishes a decentralized semi-presidential republic, with a separation of powers between the three branches of government - executive, legislative and judiciary, and a distribution of prerogatives between the central government and the provinces. In September 2016, violent protests were met with brutal force by the police and Republican Guard soldiers.
In April 2021, the new government was formed without the supporters of Kabila. ==Executive branch== Since the July 2006 elections, the country is led by a semi-presidential, strongly-decentralized state.
The constitution, adopted by referendum in 2005, and promulgated by President Joseph Kabila in February 2006, establishes a decentralized semi-presidential republic, with a separation of powers between the three branches of government - executive, legislative and judiciary, and a distribution of prerogatives between the central government and the provinces. In September 2016, violent protests were met with brutal force by the police and Republican Guard soldiers.
On 10 January 2019, the electoral commission announced opposition candidate Félix Tshisekedi as the winner of the vote.
He was officially sworn in as President on 24 January 2019.
The political allies of former president Joseph Kabila, who stepped down in January 2019, maintained control of key ministries, the legislature, judiciary and security services.
In June 2020, chief of staff Vital Kamerhe was found guilty of embezzling public funds and he was sentenced to 20 years in prison.
In April 2021, the new government was formed without the supporters of Kabila. ==Executive branch== Since the July 2006 elections, the country is led by a semi-presidential, strongly-decentralized state.
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