Under Article 28A, members of local authorities must be directly elected by voters at least once every five years. Local government in Ireland is governed by a series of Local Government Acts, beginning with the Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898.
Fine Gael made massive gains at the 2011 general election, winning 78 seats, its highest ever. The fourth-largest party in the Dáil is the Green Party, which made significant gains at the 2020 general election. The joint-fifth largest party in the Dáil is the centre-left Labour Party which was founded by James Connolly and Jim Larkin in 1912.
After the formation of Northern Ireland in 1921 following its opt out from the newly formed Irish Free State, many Roman Catholics and Republicans were discriminated against.
It has formed government in the periods 1922–1932 (Cumann na nGaedheal), 1948–1951, 1954–1957, 1973–1977, 1981–1982, 1982–1987, 1994–1997, and 2011 to present.
Ireland's political landscape changed dramatically after the 2020 general election, when Sinn Féin made gains to become the joint-largest party in the Dáil, making Ireland a three party system. Fianna Fáil, a traditionally Irish republican party founded in 1927 by Éamon de Valera, is the joint-largest party in the Dáil and considered centrist in Irish politics.
All governments since 1932 have been led by one or the other party, with Fianna Fáil having had sufficient support at many elections to govern alone.
From 1932 to 2011, the parties were stable in their support, with Fianna Fáil the largest at each election, Fine Gael the second largest, and on all but two occasions, the Labour Party the third party.
It has formed government seven times since Ireland gained independence: 1932–1948, 1951–1954, 1957–1973, 1977–1981, 1982, 1987–1994, and 1997–2011.
Fianna Fáil was the largest party in the Dáil from 1932 to 2011.
Martin is scheduled to lead the country as Prime Minister until December 2022, before changing posts with Varadkar. ==Constitution== The state operates under the Constitution of Ireland (Bunreacht na hÉireann) which was adopted in 1937 by means of a plebiscite.
No more than two members of a government may be members of the Seanad, and only twice since 1937 have members of the Seanad been appointed to government. ==Executive branch== Executive authority is exercised by a cabinet known simply as the Government.
It has formed government in the periods 1922–1932 (Cumann na nGaedheal), 1948–1951, 1954–1957, 1973–1977, 1981–1982, 1982–1987, 1994–1997, and 2011 to present.
It has formed government seven times since Ireland gained independence: 1932–1948, 1951–1954, 1957–1973, 1977–1981, 1982, 1987–1994, and 1997–2011.
It has formed government in the periods 1922–1932 (Cumann na nGaedheal), 1948–1951, 1954–1957, 1973–1977, 1981–1982, 1982–1987, 1994–1997, and 2011 to present.
It has formed government seven times since Ireland gained independence: 1932–1948, 1951–1954, 1957–1973, 1977–1981, 1982, 1987–1994, and 1997–2011.
In the 1960s NICRA was set up to end discrimination between Catholics and Protestants.
It has since regained some support, but is yet to recover to its pre-2011 levels. The other joint-largest party is Sinn Féin, established in its current form in 1970.
It has formed government in the periods 1922–1932 (Cumann na nGaedheal), 1948–1951, 1954–1957, 1973–1977, 1981–1982, 1982–1987, 1994–1997, and 2011 to present.
It has formed government seven times since Ireland gained independence: 1932–1948, 1951–1954, 1957–1973, 1977–1981, 1982, 1987–1994, and 1997–2011.
Since the early 1980s, no single party has had a majority in Dáil Éireann, so that coalition governments have been the norm. ===Seanad Éireann=== The Seanad is a largely advisory body.
It has formed government in the periods 1922–1932 (Cumann na nGaedheal), 1948–1951, 1954–1957, 1973–1977, 1981–1982, 1982–1987, 1994–1997, and 2011 to present.
It has formed government seven times since Ireland gained independence: 1932–1948, 1951–1954, 1957–1973, 1977–1981, 1982, 1987–1994, and 1997–2011.
It has formed government in the periods 1922–1932 (Cumann na nGaedheal), 1948–1951, 1954–1957, 1973–1977, 1981–1982, 1982–1987, 1994–1997, and 2011 to present.
It has formed government seven times since Ireland gained independence: 1932–1948, 1951–1954, 1957–1973, 1977–1981, 1982, 1987–1994, and 1997–2011.
It has formed government in the periods 1922–1932 (Cumann na nGaedheal), 1948–1951, 1954–1957, 1973–1977, 1981–1982, 1982–1987, 1994–1997, and 2011 to present.
It has formed government seven times since Ireland gained independence: 1932–1948, 1951–1954, 1957–1973, 1977–1981, 1982, 1987–1994, and 1997–2011.
These clashes were to result in the suspension of the Stormont Parliament and unsuccessful efforts by the British Government to encourage a power-sharing Executive in Northern Ireland which were only realised following the Good Friday Agreement in 1998.
The most significant of these is the Local Government Act 2001, which established a two-tier structure of local government.
The council was suspended from 2002 to 2007.
Commercial activities, where the state involves itself, are typically through the state-sponsored bodies which are usually organised in a similar fashion to private companies. A 2005 report on public sector employment, showed that in June 2005 the numbers employed in the public sector stood at 350,100; of these by sector they were 38,700 (civil service), 254,100 (public service) and 57,300 (state-sponsored).
The council was suspended from 2002 to 2007.
Its loss in support was mainly due to its handling of the 2008 economic recession.
From 1932 to 2011, the parties were stable in their support, with Fianna Fáil the largest at each election, Fine Gael the second largest, and on all but two occasions, the Labour Party the third party.
At the 2011 election, the largest parties in order were Fine Gael, Labour and Fianna Fáil; at the 2016 election, the largest parties in order were Fine Gael, Fianna Fáil and Sinn Féin; and at the 2020 election, the largest parties were Fianna Fáil first in seats (second in votes), Sinn Féin second in seats (first in votes), and then Fine Gael.
This changed after the 2011 general election, following the large drop in support for Fianna Fáil and the rise in support for other parties.
Fianna Fáil was the largest party in the Dáil from 1932 to 2011.
It lost a huge amount of support in the 2011 general election, going from 71 to 20 seats, its lowest ever.
It has formed government in the periods 1922–1932 (Cumann na nGaedheal), 1948–1951, 1954–1957, 1973–1977, 1981–1982, 1982–1987, 1994–1997, and 2011 to present.
Fine Gael made massive gains at the 2011 general election, winning 78 seats, its highest ever. The fourth-largest party in the Dáil is the Green Party, which made significant gains at the 2020 general election. The joint-fifth largest party in the Dáil is the centre-left Labour Party which was founded by James Connolly and Jim Larkin in 1912.
Labour won a record number of seats, 37, at the 2011 general election, becoming the second-largest party for the first time.
The Local Government Reform Act 2014 abolished the bottom tier, the town councils, leaving 31 local authorities.
The Social Democrats were founded in 2015 and made gains at the 2020 general election. The Solidarity–People Before Profit electoral alliance, consisting of the Solidarity and People Before Profit occupy the 6th largest grouping within Dáil Éireann.
At the 2011 election, the largest parties in order were Fine Gael, Labour and Fianna Fáil; at the 2016 election, the largest parties in order were Fine Gael, Fianna Fáil and Sinn Féin; and at the 2020 election, the largest parties were Fianna Fáil first in seats (second in votes), Sinn Féin second in seats (first in votes), and then Fine Gael.
Labour was Ireland's third party or “half-party” up until the 2016 general election, when it suffered the worst general election defeat in its history, gaining just 7 seats.
At the 2011 election, the largest parties in order were Fine Gael, Labour and Fianna Fáil; at the 2016 election, the largest parties in order were Fine Gael, Fianna Fáil and Sinn Féin; and at the 2020 election, the largest parties were Fianna Fáil first in seats (second in votes), Sinn Féin second in seats (first in votes), and then Fine Gael.
The result was historically good for Sinn Féin. In June 2020, leader of Fianna Fáil, Micheál Martin, became the new Irish prime minister (taoiseach).
Ireland's political landscape changed dramatically after the 2020 general election, when Sinn Féin made gains to become the joint-largest party in the Dáil, making Ireland a three party system. Fianna Fáil, a traditionally Irish republican party founded in 1927 by Éamon de Valera, is the joint-largest party in the Dáil and considered centrist in Irish politics.
Sinn Féin received the highest percentage vote in the 2020 general election. The third-largest party in the Dáil is Fine Gael, which has its origins in the pro-treaty movement of Michael Collins in the Irish Civil War.
Fine Gael made massive gains at the 2011 general election, winning 78 seats, its highest ever. The fourth-largest party in the Dáil is the Green Party, which made significant gains at the 2020 general election. The joint-fifth largest party in the Dáil is the centre-left Labour Party which was founded by James Connolly and Jim Larkin in 1912.
The Social Democrats were founded in 2015 and made gains at the 2020 general election. The Solidarity–People Before Profit electoral alliance, consisting of the Solidarity and People Before Profit occupy the 6th largest grouping within Dáil Éireann.
As of 2021, there are 160 TDs, of which one, the Ceann Comhairle (Presiding Officer), is automatically returned at an election.
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