The prime minister and the Council of Ministers constitute the executive government. === Attorney General of Vanuatu === The post of Attorney General existed even before Vanuatu declared its independence in 1980.
1973-1977), even advocated for Vanuatu's independence. Upon the country's declaration of independence in 1980, it was established that the Attorney General of Vanuatu is the principal legal officer for the government of Vanuatu.
On the eve of independence in 1980, Jimmy Stevens' Nagriamel movement, in alliance with private French interests, declared the island of Espiritu Santo independent of the new government.
From then until 1991, the Vanua'aku Pati and its predominantly English-speaking leadership controlled the Vanuatu Government. In December 1991, and following a split in the Vanua'aku Pati, Maxime Carlot Korman, leader of the Francophone Union of Moderate Parties (UMP), was elected Vanuatu's first Francophone prime minister.
He formed a coalition government with Walter Lini's breakaway VP faction, now named the National United Party (NUP). Following parliamentary elections on November 30, 1995, Carlot Korman was succeeded by Serge Vohor, a dissident UMP leader.
In November 1997, the President dissolved Parliament.
Following the subsequent election on March 6, 1998, Donald Kalpokas, the leader of the Vanua'aku Pati, was elected prime minister. A vote of no confidence in November 1999 brought Barak Sopé to the fore as Prime Minister.
Following the subsequent election on March 6, 1998, Donald Kalpokas, the leader of the Vanua'aku Pati, was elected prime minister. A vote of no confidence in November 1999 brought Barak Sopé to the fore as Prime Minister.
Yet another vote of no confidence resulted in the selection of Edward Natapei as Prime Minister in March 2001.
Edward Natapei returned as Prime Minister in the May 2002 national parliamentary elections. In 2004, Natapei dissolved parliament, and following another national election in July of that year, Vohor became Prime Minister again when two members of the Vanu'aku Party defected to join a new coalition.
Münster/Hamburg/London 2003.
Edward Natapei returned as Prime Minister in the May 2002 national parliamentary elections. In 2004, Natapei dissolved parliament, and following another national election in July of that year, Vohor became Prime Minister again when two members of the Vanu'aku Party defected to join a new coalition.
Vohor was criticised over the establishment of diplomatic relations with China, and on December 11, Vohor was replaced as Prime Minister by Ham Lini in a Motion of No Confidence. In March 2004 the term of office of President John Bani expired, and Alfred Maseng Nalo was elected in his place.
The electoral commission which supervises candidates and conducts background checks on candidates did not detect the conviction because the police-issued certificate of previous offences had allegedly been completed incorrectly (Port Vila Presse Online, 28 April 2004).
These changes have improved Vanuatu's ranking in the Corruption Perceptions Index. There are no female MPs in the 2012-2016 parliament, and in general no female chiefs (though in some traditional Vanuatu cultures there are systems under which women can be accorded high rank). ==Judicial branch== The Supreme Court of Vanuatu is the superior court in Vanuatu; it consists of a chief justice and up to three other judges.
However, as of 2018, Vanuatu enacted new legislation in order to improve access to information, opening up the government to better accountability and citizen participation.
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