The status of Zimbabwean politics has been thrown into question by a 2017 coup. ==Political developments since the Lancaster House Agreement== The Zimbabwean Constitution, initially from the Lancaster House Agreement a few months before the 1980 elections, chaired by Lord Carrington, institutionalises majority rule and protection of minority rights.
President Mugabe's affiliated party won every election from independence on April 18, 1980, until it lost the parliamentary elections in March 2008 to the Movement for Democratic Change.
This continued after independence in 1980, during the Gukurahundi ethnic cleansing liberation wars in Matabeleland in the 1980s.
Beginning in 1981, these courts were integrated into the national system. List of Chief Justices: ===Provincial governance=== Main articles: Provinces of Zimbabwe, Districts of Zimbabwe Zimbabwe is divided into eight provinces, each administered by a provincial governor appointed by the President.
Since independence, the Constitution has been amended by the government to provide for: The abolition of seats reserved for whites in the country's parliament in 1987; The abolition of the office of prime minister in 1987 and the creation of an executive presidency.
The new constitution approved in the 2013 constitutional referendum limits the president to two 5-year terms, but this does not take effect retrospectively (Robert Mugabe had held the office from 1987 to 2017). The Cabinet is appointed by the president and responsible to the House of Assembly. The Minister of State for Presidential Affairs is a non-cabinet ministerial position in the government of Zimbabwe.
In particular the elections of 1990 were nationally and internationally condemned as being rigged, with the second-placed party, Edgar Tekere's Zimbabwe Unity Movement, winning only 20% of the vote.
The duties of the position have yet to be publicly defined. ===Legislature=== Parliament consists of the House of Assembly and, since 2005, the Senate, which had previously been abolished in 1990.
On February 6, 2007, Mugabe orchestrated a Cabinet reshuffle, ousting ministers including 5-year veteran Minister of Finance Herbert Murerwa. ==Political conditions== Since the defeat of the constitutional referendum in 2000, politics in Zimbabwe has been marked by a move from the norms of democratic governance, such as democratic elections, the independence of the judiciary, the rule of law, freedom from racial discrimination, the existence of independent media, civil society and academia.
Presidential elections were held in 2002 amid allegations of vote-rigging, intimidation, and fraud, and again in March 2008. Ethnic rivalry between the Shona and Ndebele has played a large part in Zimbabwe's politics, a consequence of the country's borders defined by its British colonial rulers.
This led to the political merger of Joshua Nkomo's Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU) with the ruling Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU) to form ZANU-PF and the appointment of Nkomo as vice president. During 2005, with Mugabe's future in question, factionalism within the Shona has increased.
In October 2005 it was alleged that members of the ruling ZANU-PF and the opposition MDC had held secret meetings in London and Washington to discuss plans for a new Zimbabwe after Robert Mugabe.
The duties of the position have yet to be publicly defined. ===Legislature=== Parliament consists of the House of Assembly and, since 2005, the Senate, which had previously been abolished in 1990.
On February 6, 2007, Mugabe orchestrated a Cabinet reshuffle, ousting ministers including 5-year veteran Minister of Finance Herbert Murerwa. ==Political conditions== Since the defeat of the constitutional referendum in 2000, politics in Zimbabwe has been marked by a move from the norms of democratic governance, such as democratic elections, the independence of the judiciary, the rule of law, freedom from racial discrimination, the existence of independent media, civil society and academia.
President Mugabe's affiliated party won every election from independence on April 18, 1980, until it lost the parliamentary elections in March 2008 to the Movement for Democratic Change.
Presidential elections were held in 2002 amid allegations of vote-rigging, intimidation, and fraud, and again in March 2008. Ethnic rivalry between the Shona and Ndebele has played a large part in Zimbabwe's politics, a consequence of the country's borders defined by its British colonial rulers.
The politics of Zimbabwe takes place in a framework of a full presidential republic, whereby the President is the [of state] and [of government|government] as organized by the 2013 Constitution.
Prior to 2013, the president was elected for a 6-year term with no term limits.
The new constitution approved in the 2013 constitutional referendum limits the president to two 5-year terms, but this does not take effect retrospectively (Robert Mugabe had held the office from 1987 to 2017). The Cabinet is appointed by the president and responsible to the House of Assembly. The Minister of State for Presidential Affairs is a non-cabinet ministerial position in the government of Zimbabwe.
Under the 2013 constitution, the Senate consists of 80 members, of whom 60 are elected for five-year terms in 6-member constituencies representing one of the 10 provinces, elected based on the votes in the lower house election, using party-list proportional representation, distributed using the [quota].
The status of Zimbabwean politics has been thrown into question by a 2017 coup. ==Political developments since the Lancaster House Agreement== The Zimbabwean Constitution, initially from the Lancaster House Agreement a few months before the 1980 elections, chaired by Lord Carrington, institutionalises majority rule and protection of minority rights.
The new constitution approved in the 2013 constitutional referendum limits the president to two 5-year terms, but this does not take effect retrospectively (Robert Mugabe had held the office from 1987 to 2017). The Cabinet is appointed by the president and responsible to the House of Assembly. The Minister of State for Presidential Affairs is a non-cabinet ministerial position in the government of Zimbabwe.
Luke Malaba, a former justice of the Supreme Court, was appointed acting chief justice on 1 March 2017 following the retirement of Chief Justice Godfrey Chidyausiku.
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Page generated on 2021-08-05