Its name is derived from its similarity to Portland stone, a type of building stone quarried on the Isle of Portland in Dorset, England. The development of modern Portland cement (sometimes called ordinary or normal Portland cement) began in 1756, when John Smeaton experimented with combinations of different limestones and additives, including trass and pozzolanas, relating to the planned construction of a lighthouse, now known as Smeaton's Tower.
In the late 18th century, Roman cement was developed and patented in 1796 by James Parker.
In 1811, James Frost produced a cement he called British cement.
In 1811 Edgar Dobbs of Southwark patented a cement of the kind invented 7 years later by the French engineer Louis Vicat.
Vicat's cement is an artificial [lime], and is considered the 'principal forerunner' of Portland cement. The name Portland cement is recorded in a directory published in 1823 being associated with a William Lockwood and possibly others.
It was named by Joseph Aspdin who obtained a patent for it in 1824.
In his 1824 cement patent, Joseph Aspdin called his invention "Portland cement" because of its resemblance to Portland stone.
James Frost is reported to have erected a manufactory for making of an artificial cement in 1826.
However, his son William Aspdin is regarded as the inventor of "modern" Portland cement due to his developments in the 1840s. Portland cement is caustic, so it can cause chemical burns.
In the 1840s William Aspdin, apparently accidentally, produced calcium silicates which are a middle step in the development of Portland cement.
In 1848, William Aspdin further improved his cement.
Roman cement quickly became popular, but was largely replaced by Portland cement in the 1850s.
Then, in 1853, he moved to Germany, where he was involved in cement making.
Isaac Charles Johnson further refined the production of 'meso-Portland cement' (middle stage of development), and claimed to be the real father of Portland cement. In 1859, John Grant of the Metropolitan Board of Works, set out requirements for cement to be used in the London sewer project.
The Hoffmann 'endless' kiln which was said to give 'perfect control over combustion' was tested in 1860, and showed the process produced a better grade of cement.
The Association of German Cement Manufacturers issued a standard on Portland cement in 1878. Portland cement had been imported into the United States from Germany and England, and in the 1870s and 1880s, it was being produced by Eagle Portland cement near Kalamazoo, Michigan.
In 1875, the first Portland cement was produced in the Coplay Cement Company Kilns under the direction of David O.
The Association of German Cement Manufacturers issued a standard on Portland cement in 1878. Portland cement had been imported into the United States from Germany and England, and in the 1870s and 1880s, it was being produced by Eagle Portland cement near Kalamazoo, Michigan.
The Association of German Cement Manufacturers issued a standard on Portland cement in 1878. Portland cement had been imported into the United States from Germany and England, and in the 1870s and 1880s, it was being produced by Eagle Portland cement near Kalamazoo, Michigan.
The next development in the manufacture of Portland cement was the introduction of the rotary kiln, patented by Frederick Ransome in 1885 (U.K.) and 1886 (U.S.); which allowed a stronger, more homogeneous mixture and a continuous manufacturing process.
The next development in the manufacture of Portland cement was the introduction of the rotary kiln, patented by Frederick Ransome in 1885 (U.K.) and 1886 (U.S.); which allowed a stronger, more homogeneous mixture and a continuous manufacturing process.
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