Around 1845, the name transferred to the tuber itself, the first record of this usage being in New Zealand English.
In 1845, a plant disease known as late blight, caused by the fungus-like oomycete Phytophthora infestans, spread rapidly through the poorer communities of western Ireland as well as parts of the Scottish Highlands, resulting in the crop failures that led to the Great Irish Famine.
The most widely cultivated variety, Solanum tuberosum tuberosum, is indigenous to the Chiloé Archipelago, and has been cultivated by the local indigenous people since before the Spanish conquest. According to conservative estimates, the introduction of the potato was responsible for a quarter of the growth in Old World population and urbanization between 1700 and 1900.
It was Mario Pei's 1949 The Story of Language that can be blamed for the word's false origin.
The Lenape variety was released in 1967 but was withdrawn in 1970 as it contained high levels of glycoalkaloids.
The Lenape variety was released in 1967 but was withdrawn in 1970 as it contained high levels of glycoalkaloids.
'New Leaf', owned by Monsanto Company, incorporates genes from Bacillus thuringiensis, which confers resistance to the Colorado potato beetle; 'New Leaf Plus' and 'New Leaf Y', approved by US regulatory agencies during the 1990s, also include resistance to viruses.
McDonald's, Burger King, Frito-Lay, and Procter & Gamble announced they would not use genetically modified potatoes, and Monsanto published its intent to discontinue the line in March 2001. Waxy potato varieties produce two main kinds of potato starch, amylose and amylopectin, the latter of which is most industrially useful.
The international Potato Genome Sequencing Consortium announced in 2009 that they had achieved a draft sequence of the potato genome.
In 2010, potatoes were bioengineered specifically for these pigmentation traits. === Genetically engineered potatoes === Genetic research has produced several genetically modified varieties.
In 2010, the European Commission cleared the way for 'Amflora' to be grown in the European Union for industrial purposes only—not for food.
Commercial planting of 'Amflora' was expected in the Czech Republic and Germany in the spring of 2010, and Sweden and the Netherlands in subsequent years.
In October 2011 BASF requested cultivation and marketing approval as a feed and food from the EFSA.
In 2012, GMO development in Europe was stopped by BASF. In November 2014, the USDA approved a genetically modified potato developed by J.R.
As of 2014, potatoes were the world's fourth-largest food crop after maize (corn), wheat, and rice. Following millennia of selective breeding, there are now over 5,000 different types of potatoes.
In 2012, GMO development in Europe was stopped by BASF. In November 2014, the USDA approved a genetically modified potato developed by J.R.
Thousands of varieties still persist in the Andes however, where over 100 cultivars might be found in a single valley, and a dozen or more might be maintained by a single agricultural household. == Production == In 2018, world production of potatoes was 368 million tonnes, led by China with 27% of the total (table).
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